1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 13.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 14.\" without specific prior written permission. 15.\" 16.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 17.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 19.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 20.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 21.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 22.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 23.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 24.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 25.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 26.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.\" @(#)login.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 5/5/94 29.\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/login/login.1,v 1.33 2007/11/30 11:02:36 philip Exp $ 30.\" $DragonFly: src/usr.bin/login/login.1,v 1.2 2003/06/17 04:29:28 dillon Exp $ 31.\" 32.Dd September 13, 2006 33.Dt LOGIN 1 34.Os 35.Sh NAME 36.Nm login 37.Nd log into the computer 38.Sh SYNOPSIS 39.Nm 40.Op Fl fp 41.Op Fl h Ar hostname 42.Op Ar user 43.Sh DESCRIPTION 44The 45.Nm 46utility logs users (and pseudo-users) into the computer system. 47.Pp 48If no user is specified, or if a user is specified and authentication 49of the user fails, 50.Nm 51prompts for a user name. 52Authentication of users is configurable via 53.Xr pam 8 . 54Password authentication is the default. 55.Pp 56The following options are available: 57.Bl -tag -width indent 58.It Fl f 59When a user name is specified, this option indicates that proper 60authentication has already been done and that no password need be 61requested. 62This option may only be used by the super-user or when an already 63logged in user is logging in as themselves. 64.It Fl h 65Specify the host from which the connection was received. 66It is used by various daemons such as 67.Xr telnetd 8 . 68This option may only be used by the super-user. 69.It Fl p 70By default, 71.Nm 72discards any previous environment. 73The 74.Fl p 75option disables this behavior. 76.El 77.Pp 78Login access can be controlled via 79.Xr login.access 5 80or the login class in 81.Xr login.conf 5 , 82which provides 83allow and deny records based on time, tty and remote host name. 84.Pp 85If the file 86.Pa /etc/fbtab 87exists, 88.Nm 89changes the protection and ownership of certain devices specified in this 90file. 91.Pp 92Immediately after logging a user in, 93.Nm 94displays the system copyright notice, the date and time the user last 95logged in, the message of the day as well as other information. 96If the file 97.Pa .hushlogin 98exists in the user's home directory, all of these messages are suppressed. 99This is to simplify logins for non-human users, such as 100.Xr uucp 1 . 101.Pp 102The 103.Nm 104utility enters information into the environment (see 105.Xr environ 7 ) 106specifying the user's home directory (HOME), command interpreter (SHELL), 107search path (PATH), terminal type (TERM) and user name (both LOGNAME and 108USER). 109Other environment variables may be set due to entries in the login 110class capabilities database, for the login class assigned in the 111user's system passwd record. 112The login class also controls the maximum and current process resource 113limits granted to a login, process priorities and many other aspects of 114a user's login environment. 115.Pp 116Some shells may provide a builtin 117.Nm 118command which is similar or identical to this utility. 119Consult the 120.Xr builtin 1 121manual page. 122.Sh FILES 123.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /etc/pam.d/login" -compact 124.It Pa /etc/fbtab 125changes device protections 126.It Pa /etc/login.conf 127login class capabilities database 128.It Pa /etc/motd 129message-of-the-day 130.It Pa /var/mail/user 131system mailboxes 132.It Pa \&.hushlogin 133makes login quieter 134.It Pa /etc/auth.conf 135configure authentication services 136.It Pa /etc/pam.d/login 137.Xr pam 8 138configuration file 139.El 140.Sh SEE ALSO 141.Xr builtin 1 , 142.Xr chpass 1 , 143.Xr csh 1 , 144.Xr newgrp 1 , 145.Xr passwd 1 , 146.Xr rlogin 1 , 147.Xr getpass 3 , 148.Xr fbtab 5 , 149.Xr login.access 5 , 150.Xr login.conf 5 , 151.Xr environ 7 152.Sh HISTORY 153A 154.Nm 155utility appeared in 156.At v6 . 157