xref: /dragonfly/usr.bin/netstat/main.c (revision 92fc8b5c)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1983, 1988, 1993
3  *	Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
14  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
15  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
16  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19  *    without specific prior written permission.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  *
33  * @(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1988, 1993 Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
34  * @(#)main.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 3/1/94
35  * $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/netstat/main.c,v 1.34.2.12 2001/09/17 15:17:46 ru Exp $
36  * $DragonFly: src/usr.bin/netstat/main.c,v 1.16 2008/07/11 23:09:18 thomas Exp $
37  */
38 
39 #include <sys/param.h>
40 #include <sys/file.h>
41 #include <sys/protosw.h>
42 #include <sys/socket.h>
43 
44 #include <netinet/in.h>
45 
46 #include <netgraph/socket/ng_socket.h>
47 
48 #include <ctype.h>
49 #include <err.h>
50 #include <errno.h>
51 #include <kvm.h>
52 #include <limits.h>
53 #include <netdb.h>
54 #include <nlist.h>
55 #include <paths.h>
56 #include <stdio.h>
57 #include <stdlib.h>
58 #include <string.h>
59 #include <unistd.h>
60 #include "netstat.h"
61 
62 static struct nlist nl[] = {
63 #define	N_IFNET		0
64 	{ .n_name = "_ifnet" },
65 #define	N_IMP		1
66 	{ .n_name = "_imp_softc" },
67 #define	N_RTSTAT	2
68 	{ .n_name = "_rtstat" },
69 #define	N_UNIXSW	3
70 	{ .n_name = "_localsw" },
71 #define N_IDP		4
72 	{ .n_name = "_nspcb"},
73 #define N_IDPSTAT	5
74 	{ .n_name = "_idpstat"},
75 #define N_SPPSTAT	6
76 	{ .n_name = "_spp_istat"},
77 #define N_NSERR		7
78 	{ .n_name = "_ns_errstat"},
79 #define	N_CLNPSTAT	8
80 	{ .n_name = "_clnp_stat"},
81 #define	IN_NOTUSED	9
82 	{ .n_name = "_tp_inpcb" },
83 #define	ISO_TP		10
84 	{ .n_name = "_tp_refinfo" },
85 #define	N_TPSTAT	11
86 	{ .n_name = "_tp_stat" },
87 #define	N_ESISSTAT	12
88 	{ .n_name = "_esis_stat"},
89 #define N_NIMP		13
90 	{ .n_name = "_nimp"},
91 #define N_RTREE		14
92 	{ .n_name = "_rt_tables"},
93 #define N_CLTP		15
94 	{ .n_name = "_cltb"},
95 #define N_CLTPSTAT	16
96 	{ .n_name = "_cltpstat"},
97 #define	N_NFILE		17
98 	{ .n_name = "_nfile" },
99 #define	N_FILE		18
100 	{ .n_name = "_file" },
101 #define N_MRTSTAT	19
102 	{ .n_name = "_mrtstat" },
103 #define N_MFCTABLE	20
104 	{ .n_name = "_mfctable" },
105 #define N_VIFTABLE	21
106 	{ .n_name = "_viftable" },
107 #define N_IPX		22
108 	{ .n_name = "_ipxpcb"},
109 #define N_IPXSTAT	23
110 	{ .n_name = "_ipxstat"},
111 #define N_SPXSTAT	24
112 	{ .n_name = "_spx_istat"},
113 #define N_DDPSTAT	25
114 	{ .n_name = "_ddpstat"},
115 #define N_DDPCB		26
116 	{ .n_name = "_ddpcb"},
117 #define N_NGSOCKS	27
118 	{ .n_name = "_ngsocklist"},
119 #define N_IP6STAT	28
120 	{ .n_name = "_ip6stat" },
121 #define N_ICMP6STAT	29
122 	{ .n_name = "_icmp6stat" },
123 #define N_IPSECSTAT	30
124 	{ .n_name = "_ipsecstat" },
125 #define N_IPSEC6STAT	31
126 	{ .n_name = "_ipsec6stat" },
127 #define N_PIM6STAT	32
128 	{ .n_name = "_pim6stat" },
129 #define N_MRT6PROTO	33
130 	{ .n_name = "_ip6_mrtproto" },
131 #define N_MRT6STAT	34
132 	{ .n_name = "_mrt6stat" },
133 #define N_MF6CTABLE	35
134 	{ .n_name = "_mf6ctable" },
135 #define N_MIF6TABLE	36
136 	{ .n_name = "_mif6table" },
137 #define N_PFKEYSTAT	37
138 	{ .n_name = "_pfkeystat" },
139 #define N_MBSTAT	38
140 	{ .n_name = "_mbstat" },
141 #define N_MBTYPES	39
142 	{ .n_name = "_mbtypes" },
143 #define N_NMBCLUSTERS	40
144 	{ .n_name = "_nmbclusters" },
145 #define N_NMBUFS	41
146 	{ .n_name = "_nmbufs" },
147 #define	N_RTTRASH	42
148 	{ .n_name = "_rttrash" },
149 #define	N_NCPUS		43
150 	{ .n_name = "_ncpus" },
151 #define	N_CARPSTAT	44
152 	{ .n_name = "_carpstats" },
153 	{ .n_name = NULL },
154 };
155 
156 struct protox {
157 	u_char	pr_index;		/* index into nlist of cb head */
158 	u_char	pr_sindex;		/* index into nlist of stat block */
159 	u_char	pr_wanted;		/* 1 if wanted, 0 otherwise */
160 	void	(*pr_cblocks)(u_long, const char *, int);
161 					/* control blocks printing routine */
162 	void	(*pr_stats)(u_long, const char *, int);
163 					/* statistics printing routine */
164 	void	(*pr_istats)(char *);	/* per/if statistics printing routine */
165 	const char *pr_name;		/* well-known name */
166 	u_int	pr_usesysctl;		/* true if we use sysctl, not kvm */
167 } protox[] = {
168 	{ -1,		-1,		1,	protopr,
169 	  tcp_stats,	NULL,		"tcp",	IPPROTO_TCP },
170 	{ -1,		-1,		1,	protopr,
171 	  udp_stats,	NULL,		"udp",	IPPROTO_UDP },
172 	{ -1,		-1,		1,	protopr,
173 	  NULL,		NULL,		"divert",IPPROTO_DIVERT },
174 	{ -1,		-1,		1,	protopr,
175 	  ip_stats,	NULL,		"ip",	IPPROTO_RAW },
176 	{ -1,		-1,		1,	protopr,
177 	  icmp_stats,	NULL,		"icmp",	IPPROTO_ICMP },
178 	{ -1,		-1,		1,	protopr,
179 	  igmp_stats,	NULL,		"igmp",	IPPROTO_IGMP },
180 #ifdef IPSEC
181 	{ -1,		N_IPSECSTAT,	1,	0,
182 	  ipsec_stats,	NULL,		"ipsec",	0},
183 #endif
184         { -1,           N_CARPSTAT,     1,      0,
185           carp_stats,   NULL,           "carp",         0},
186 	{ -1,		-1,		0,	0,
187 	  0,		NULL,		NULL,		0}
188 };
189 
190 #ifdef INET6
191 struct protox ip6protox[] = {
192 	{ -1,		-1,		1,	protopr,
193 	  tcp_stats,	NULL,		"tcp",	IPPROTO_TCP },
194 	{ -1,		-1,		1,	protopr,
195 	  udp_stats,	NULL,		"udp",	IPPROTO_UDP },
196 	{ -1,		N_IP6STAT,	1,	protopr,
197 	  ip6_stats,	ip6_ifstats,	"ip6",	IPPROTO_RAW },
198 	{ -1,		N_ICMP6STAT,	1,	protopr,
199 	  icmp6_stats,	icmp6_ifstats,	"icmp6",IPPROTO_ICMPV6 },
200 #ifdef IPSEC
201 	{ -1,		N_IPSEC6STAT,	1,	0,
202 	  ipsec_stats,	NULL,		"ipsec6",0 },
203 #endif
204 #ifdef notyet
205 	{ -1,		N_PIM6STAT,	1,	0,
206 	  pim6_stats,	NULL,		"pim6",	0 },
207 #endif
208 	{ -1,		-1,		1,	0,
209 	  rip6_stats,	NULL,		"rip6",	0 },
210 	{ -1,		-1,		1,	protopr,
211 	  pim_stats,	NULL,		"pim",	IPPROTO_PIM },
212 	{ -1,		-1,		0,	0,
213 	  0,		NULL,		0,	0 }
214 };
215 #endif /*INET6*/
216 
217 #ifdef IPSEC
218 struct protox pfkeyprotox[] = {
219 	{ -1,		N_PFKEYSTAT,	1,	0,
220 	  pfkey_stats,	NULL,		"pfkey", 0 },
221 	{ -1,		-1,		0,	0,
222 	  0,		NULL,		0,	0 }
223 };
224 #endif
225 
226 struct protox atalkprotox[] = {
227 	{ N_DDPCB,	N_DDPSTAT,	1,	atalkprotopr,
228 	  ddp_stats,	NULL,		"ddp",	0 },
229 	{ -1,		-1,		0,	0,
230 	  0,		NULL,		NULL,	0 }
231 };
232 
233 struct protox netgraphprotox[] = {
234 	{ N_NGSOCKS,	-1,		1,	netgraphprotopr,
235 	  NULL,		NULL,		"ctrl",	0 },
236 	{ N_NGSOCKS,	-1,		1,	netgraphprotopr,
237 	  NULL,		NULL,		"data",	0 },
238 	{ -1,		-1,		0,	0,
239 	  0,		NULL,		NULL,	0 }
240 };
241 
242 struct protox ipxprotox[] = {
243 	{ N_IPX,	N_IPXSTAT,	1,	ipxprotopr,
244 	  ipx_stats,	NULL,		"ipx",	0 },
245 	{ N_IPX,	N_SPXSTAT,	1,	ipxprotopr,
246 	  spx_stats,	NULL,		"spx",	0 },
247 	{ -1,		-1,		0,	0,
248 	  0,		NULL,		0,	0 }
249 };
250 
251 #ifdef ISO
252 struct protox isoprotox[] = {
253 	{ ISO_TP,	N_TPSTAT,	1,	iso_protopr,
254 	  tp_stats,	NULL,		"tp" },
255 	{ N_CLTP,	N_CLTPSTAT,	1,	iso_protopr,
256 	  cltp_stats,	NULL,		"cltp" },
257 	{ -1,		N_CLNPSTAT,	1,	 0,
258 	  clnp_stats,	NULL,		"clnp"},
259 	{ -1,		N_ESISSTAT,	1,	 0,
260 	  esis_stats,	NULL,		"esis"},
261 	{ -1,		-1,		0,	0,
262 	  0,		NULL,		0 }
263 };
264 #endif
265 
266 struct protox *protoprotox[] = {
267 					 protox,
268 #ifdef INET6
269 					 ip6protox,
270 #endif
271 #ifdef IPSEC
272 					 pfkeyprotox,
273 #endif
274 					 ipxprotox, atalkprotox,
275 #ifdef ISO
276 					 isoprotox,
277 #endif
278 					 NULL };
279 
280 static void printproto (struct protox *, const char *);
281 static void usage (void);
282 static struct protox *name2protox (char *);
283 static struct protox *knownname (char *);
284 
285 static kvm_t *kvmd;
286 static char *nlistf = NULL, *memf = NULL;
287 
288 int	Aflag;		/* show addresses of protocol control block */
289 int	aflag;		/* show all sockets (including servers) */
290 int	bflag;		/* show i/f total bytes in/out */
291 int	cpuflag = -1;	/* dump route table from specific cpu */
292 int	dflag;		/* show i/f dropped packets */
293 int	gflag;		/* show group (multicast) routing or stats */
294 int	iflag;		/* show interfaces */
295 int	Lflag;		/* show size of listen queues */
296 int	mflag;		/* show memory stats */
297 int	Pflag;		/* show more protocol info (go past 80 columns) */
298 int	numeric_addr;	/* show addresses numerically */
299 int	numeric_port;	/* show ports numerically */
300 static int pflag;	/* show given protocol */
301 int	rflag;		/* show routing tables (or routing stats) */
302 int	sflag;		/* show protocol statistics */
303 int	tflag;		/* show i/f watchdog timers */
304 int	Bflag;		/* show buffer limit instead of buffer use */
305 int	Wflag;		/* wide display */
306 int	zflag;		/* zero stats */
307 
308 int	interval;	/* repeat interval for i/f stats */
309 
310 char	*interface;	/* desired i/f for stats, or NULL for all i/fs */
311 int	unit;		/* unit number for above */
312 
313 int	af;		/* address family */
314 
315 int
316 main(int argc, char **argv)
317 {
318 	struct protox *tp = NULL;  /* for printing cblocks & stats */
319 	int ch;
320 	int n;
321 
322 	af = AF_UNSPEC;
323 
324 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Aabc:df:gI:iLlM:mN:nPp:rSsBtuWw:z")) != -1)
325 		switch(ch) {
326 		case 'A':
327 			Aflag = 1;
328 			break;
329 		case 'a':
330 			aflag = 1;
331 			break;
332 		case 'b':
333 			bflag = 1;
334 			break;
335 		case 'c':
336 			kread(0, 0, 0);
337 			kread(nl[N_NCPUS].n_value, (char *)&n, sizeof(n));
338 			cpuflag = strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
339 			if (cpuflag < 0 || cpuflag >= n)
340 			    errx(1, "cpu %d does not exist", cpuflag);
341 			break;
342 		case 'd':
343 			dflag = 1;
344 			break;
345 		case 'f':
346 			if (strcmp(optarg, "ipx") == 0)
347 				af = AF_IPX;
348 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "inet") == 0)
349 				af = AF_INET;
350 #ifdef INET6
351 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "inet6") == 0)
352 				af = AF_INET6;
353 #endif /*INET6*/
354 #ifdef INET6
355 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "pfkey") == 0)
356 				af = PF_KEY;
357 #endif /*INET6*/
358 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "unix") == 0)
359 				af = AF_UNIX;
360 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "atalk") == 0)
361 				af = AF_APPLETALK;
362 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "ng") == 0
363 			    || strcmp(optarg, "netgraph") == 0)
364 				af = AF_NETGRAPH;
365 #ifdef ISO
366 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "iso") == 0)
367 				af = AF_ISO;
368 #endif
369 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "link") == 0)
370 				af = AF_LINK;
371 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "mpls") == 0)
372 				af = AF_MPLS;
373 			else {
374 				errx(1, "%s: unknown address family", optarg);
375 			}
376 			break;
377 		case 'g':
378 			gflag = 1;
379 			break;
380 		case 'I': {
381 			char *cp;
382 
383 			iflag = 1;
384 			for (cp = interface = optarg; isalpha(*cp); cp++)
385 				continue;
386 			unit = atoi(cp);
387 			break;
388 		}
389 		case 'i':
390 			iflag = 1;
391 			break;
392 		case 'L':
393 			Lflag = 1;
394 			break;
395 		case 'M':
396 			memf = optarg;
397 			break;
398 		case 'm':
399 			mflag = 1;
400 			break;
401 		case 'N':
402 			nlistf = optarg;
403 			break;
404 		case 'n':
405 			numeric_addr = numeric_port = 1;
406 			break;
407 		case 'P':
408 			Pflag = 1;
409 			break;
410 		case 'p':
411 			if ((tp = name2protox(optarg)) == NULL) {
412 				errx(1,
413 				     "%s: unknown or uninstrumented protocol",
414 				     optarg);
415 			}
416 			pflag = 1;
417 			break;
418 		case 'r':
419 			rflag = 1;
420 			break;
421 		case 's':
422 			++sflag;
423 			break;
424 		case 'S':
425 			numeric_addr = 1;
426 			break;
427 		case 'B':
428 			Bflag = 1;
429 			break;
430 		case 't':
431 			tflag = 1;
432 			break;
433 		case 'u':
434 			af = AF_UNIX;
435 			break;
436 		case 'W':
437 		case 'l':
438 			Wflag = 1;
439 			break;
440 		case 'w':
441 			interval = atoi(optarg);
442 			iflag = 1;
443 			break;
444 		case 'z':
445 			zflag = 1;
446 			break;
447 		case '?':
448 		default:
449 			usage();
450 		}
451 	argv += optind;
452 	argc -= optind;
453 
454 #define	BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
455 #ifdef	BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
456 	if (*argv) {
457 		if (isdigit(**argv)) {
458 			interval = atoi(*argv);
459 			if (interval <= 0)
460 				usage();
461 			++argv;
462 			iflag = 1;
463 		}
464 		if (*argv) {
465 			nlistf = *argv;
466 			if (*++argv)
467 				memf = *argv;
468 		}
469 	}
470 #endif
471 
472 	/*
473 	 * Discard setgid privileges if not the running kernel so that bad
474 	 * guys can't print interesting stuff from kernel memory.
475 	 */
476 	if (nlistf != NULL || memf != NULL)
477 		setgid(getgid());
478 
479 	if (mflag) {
480 		if (memf != NULL) {
481 			if (kread(0, 0, 0) == 0)
482 				mbpr(nl[N_MBSTAT].n_value,
483 				    nl[N_MBTYPES].n_value,
484 				    nl[N_NMBCLUSTERS].n_value,
485 				    nl[N_NMBUFS].n_value,
486 				    nl[N_NCPUS].n_value);
487 		} else {
488 			mbpr(0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
489 		}
490 		exit(0);
491 	}
492 #if 0
493 	/*
494 	 * Keep file descriptors open to avoid overhead
495 	 * of open/close on each call to get* routines.
496 	 */
497 	sethostent(1);
498 	setnetent(1);
499 #else
500 	/*
501 	 * This does not make sense any more with DNS being default over
502 	 * the files.  Doing a setXXXXent(1) causes a tcp connection to be
503 	 * used for the queries, which is slower.
504 	 */
505 #endif
506 	if (iflag && !sflag) {
507 		kread(0, 0, 0);
508 		intpr(interval, nl[N_IFNET].n_value, NULL);
509 		exit(0);
510 	}
511 	if (rflag) {
512 		kread(0, 0, 0);
513 		if (sflag)
514 			rt_stats();
515 		else
516 			routepr(nl[N_RTREE].n_value);
517 		exit(0);
518 	}
519 	if (gflag) {
520 		kread(0, 0, 0);
521 		if (sflag) {
522 			if (af == AF_INET || af == AF_UNSPEC)
523 				mrt_stats(nl[N_MRTSTAT].n_value);
524 #ifdef INET6
525 			if (af == AF_INET6 || af == AF_UNSPEC)
526 				mrt6_stats(nl[N_MRT6STAT].n_value);
527 #endif
528 		} else {
529 			if (af == AF_INET || af == AF_UNSPEC)
530 				mroutepr(nl[N_MFCTABLE].n_value,
531 					 nl[N_VIFTABLE].n_value);
532 #ifdef INET6
533 			if (af == AF_INET6 || af == AF_UNSPEC)
534 				mroute6pr(nl[N_MF6CTABLE].n_value,
535 					  nl[N_MIF6TABLE].n_value);
536 #endif
537 		}
538 		exit(0);
539 	}
540 
541 	kread(0, 0, 0);
542 	if (tp) {
543 		printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
544 		exit(0);
545 	}
546 	if (af == AF_INET || af == AF_UNSPEC)
547 		for (tp = protox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
548 			printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
549 #ifdef INET6
550 	if (af == AF_INET6 || af == AF_UNSPEC)
551 		for (tp = ip6protox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
552 			printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
553 #endif /*INET6*/
554 #ifdef IPSEC
555 	if (af == PF_KEY || af == AF_UNSPEC)
556 		for (tp = pfkeyprotox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
557 			printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
558 #endif /*IPSEC*/
559 	if (af == AF_IPX || af == AF_UNSPEC) {
560 		kread(0, 0, 0);
561 		for (tp = ipxprotox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
562 			printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
563 	}
564 	if (af == AF_APPLETALK || af == AF_UNSPEC)
565 		for (tp = atalkprotox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
566 			printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
567 	if (af == AF_NETGRAPH || af == AF_UNSPEC)
568 		for (tp = netgraphprotox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
569 			printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
570 #ifdef ISO
571 	if (af == AF_ISO || af == AF_UNSPEC)
572 		for (tp = isoprotox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
573 			printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
574 #endif
575 	if ((af == AF_UNIX || af == AF_UNSPEC) && !Lflag && !sflag)
576 		unixpr();
577 	exit(0);
578 }
579 
580 /*
581  * Print out protocol statistics or control blocks (per sflag).
582  * If the interface was not specifically requested, and the symbol
583  * is not in the namelist, ignore this one.
584  */
585 static void
586 printproto(struct protox *tp, const char *name)
587 {
588 	void (*pr)(u_long, const char *, int);
589 	u_long off;
590 
591 	if (sflag) {
592 		if (iflag) {
593 			if (tp->pr_istats)
594 				intpr(interval, nl[N_IFNET].n_value,
595 				      tp->pr_istats);
596 			else if (pflag)
597 				printf("%s: no per-interface stats routine\n",
598 				    tp->pr_name);
599 			return;
600 		}
601 		else {
602 			pr = tp->pr_stats;
603 			if (!pr) {
604 				if (pflag)
605 					printf("%s: no stats routine\n",
606 					    tp->pr_name);
607 				return;
608 			}
609 			off = tp->pr_usesysctl ? tp->pr_usesysctl
610 				: nl[tp->pr_sindex].n_value;
611 		}
612 	} else {
613 		pr = tp->pr_cblocks;
614 		if (!pr) {
615 			if (pflag)
616 				printf("%s: no PCB routine\n", tp->pr_name);
617 			return;
618 		}
619 		off = tp->pr_usesysctl ? tp->pr_usesysctl
620 			: nl[tp->pr_index].n_value;
621 	}
622 	if (pr != NULL && (off || af != AF_UNSPEC))
623 		(*pr)(off, name, af);
624 }
625 
626 /*
627  * Read kernel memory, return 0 on success.
628  */
629 int
630 kread(u_long addr, char *buf, int size)
631 {
632 	if (kvmd == 0) {
633 		/*
634 		 * XXX.
635 		 */
636 		kvmd = kvm_openfiles(nlistf, memf, NULL, O_RDONLY, buf);
637 		if (kvmd != NULL) {
638 			if (kvm_nlist(kvmd, nl) < 0) {
639 				if(nlistf)
640 					errx(1, "%s: kvm_nlist: %s", nlistf,
641 					     kvm_geterr(kvmd));
642 				else
643 					errx(1, "kvm_nlist: %s", kvm_geterr(kvmd));
644 			}
645 
646 			if (nl[0].n_type == 0) {
647 				if(nlistf)
648 					errx(1, "%s: no namelist", nlistf);
649 				else
650 					errx(1, "no namelist");
651 			}
652 		} else {
653 			warnx("kvm not available");
654 			return(-1);
655 		}
656 	}
657 	if (!buf)
658 		return (0);
659 	if (kvm_read(kvmd, addr, buf, size) != size) {
660 		warnx("%s", kvm_geterr(kvmd));
661 		return (-1);
662 	}
663 	return (0);
664 }
665 
666 const char *
667 plural(int n)
668 {
669 	return (n != 1 ? "s" : "");
670 }
671 
672 const char *
673 plurales(int n)
674 {
675 	return (n != 1 ? "es" : "");
676 }
677 
678 /*
679  * Find the protox for the given "well-known" name.
680  */
681 static struct protox *
682 knownname(char *name)
683 {
684 	struct protox **tpp, *tp;
685 
686 	for (tpp = protoprotox; *tpp; tpp++)
687 		for (tp = *tpp; tp->pr_name; tp++)
688 			if (strcmp(tp->pr_name, name) == 0)
689 				return (tp);
690 	return (NULL);
691 }
692 
693 /*
694  * Find the protox corresponding to name.
695  */
696 static struct protox *
697 name2protox(char *name)
698 {
699 	struct protox *tp;
700 	char **alias;			/* alias from p->aliases */
701 	struct protoent *p;
702 
703 	/*
704 	 * Try to find the name in the list of "well-known" names. If that
705 	 * fails, check if name is an alias for an Internet protocol.
706 	 */
707 	if ((tp = knownname(name)) != NULL)
708 		return (tp);
709 
710 	setprotoent(1);			/* make protocol lookup cheaper */
711 	while ((p = getprotoent()) != NULL) {
712 		/* assert: name not same as p->name */
713 		for (alias = p->p_aliases; *alias; alias++)
714 			if (strcmp(name, *alias) == 0) {
715 				endprotoent();
716 				return (knownname(p->p_name));
717 			}
718 	}
719 	endprotoent();
720 	return (NULL);
721 }
722 
723 static void
724 usage(void)
725 {
726 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
727 "usage: netstat [-AaLnPSW] [-c cpu] [-f protocol_family | -p protocol]\n"
728 "               [-M core] [-N system]",
729 "       netstat -i | -I interface [-aBbdnt] [-f address_family]\n"
730 "               [-M core] [-N system]",
731 "       netstat -w wait [-I interface] [-d] [-M core] [-N system]",
732 "       netstat -s [-s] [-z] [-f protocol_family | -p protocol] [-M core]",
733 "       netstat -i | -I interface -s [-f protocol_family | -p protocol]\n"
734 "               [-M core] [-N system]",
735 "       netstat -m [-M core] [-N system]",
736 "       netstat -r [-AanW] [-f address_family] [-M core] [-N system]",
737 "       netstat -rs [-s] [-M core] [-N system]",
738 "       netstat -g [-W] [-f address_family] [-M core] [-N system]",
739 "       netstat -gs [-s] [-f address_family] [-M core] [-N system]");
740 	exit(1);
741 }
742