1.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 5.\" Adam S. Moskowitz and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics 6.\" Engineers, Inc. 7.\" 8.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 9.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 10.\" are met: 11.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 13.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 14.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 15.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 16.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 17.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 18.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 19.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 20.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 21.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 22.\" without specific prior written permission. 23.\" 24.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 25.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 26.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 27.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 28.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 29.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 30.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 31.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 32.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 33.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 34.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 35.\" 36.\" @(#)paste.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 37.\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/paste/paste.1,v 1.4.2.8 2003/02/24 23:04:39 trhodes Exp $ 38.\" $DragonFly: src/usr.bin/paste/paste.1,v 1.2 2003/06/17 04:29:30 dillon Exp $ 39.\" 40.Dd September 20, 2001 41.Dt PASTE 1 42.Os 43.Sh NAME 44.Nm paste 45.Nd merge corresponding or subsequent lines of files 46.Sh SYNOPSIS 47.Nm 48.Op Fl s 49.Op Fl d Ar list 50.Ar 51.Sh DESCRIPTION 52The 53.Nm 54utility concatenates the corresponding lines of the given input files, 55replacing all but the last file's newline characters with a single tab 56character, and writes the resulting lines to standard output. 57If end-of-file is reached on an input file while other input files 58still contain data, the file is treated as if it were an endless source 59of empty lines. 60.Pp 61The options are as follows: 62.Bl -tag -width Fl 63.It Fl d Ar list 64Use one or more of the provided characters to replace the newline 65characters instead of the default tab. 66The characters in 67.Ar list 68are used circularly, i.e., when 69.Ar list 70is exhausted the first character from 71.Ar list 72is reused. 73This continues until a line from the last input file (in default operation) 74or the last line in each file (using the 75.Fl s 76option) is displayed, at which 77time 78.Nm 79begins selecting characters from the beginning of 80.Ar list 81again. 82.Pp 83The following special characters can also be used in list: 84.Pp 85.Bl -tag -width flag -compact 86.It Li \en 87newline character 88.It Li \et 89tab character 90.It Li \e\e 91backslash character 92.It Li \e0 93Empty string (not a null character). 94.El 95.Pp 96Any other character preceded by a backslash is equivalent to the 97character itself. 98.It Fl s 99Concatenate all of the lines of each separate input file in command line 100order. 101The newline character of every line except the last line in each input 102file is replaced with the tab character, unless otherwise specified by 103the 104.Fl d 105option. 106.El 107.Pp 108If 109.Sq Fl 110is specified for one or more of the input files, the standard 111input is used; standard input is read one line at a time, circularly, 112for each instance of 113.Sq Fl . 114.Sh EXIT STATUS 115.Ex -std 116.Sh EXAMPLES 117List the files in the current directory in three columns: 118.Pp 119.Dl "ls | paste - - -" 120.Pp 121Combine pairs of lines from a file into single lines: 122.Pp 123.Dl "paste -s -d '\et\en' myfile" 124.Pp 125Number the lines in a file, similar to 126.Xr nl 1 : 127.Pp 128.Dl "sed = myfile | paste -s -d '\et\en' - -" 129.Pp 130Create a colon-separated list of directories named 131.Pa bin , 132suitable 133for use in the 134.Ev PATH 135environment variable: 136.Pp 137.Dl "find / -name bin -type d | paste -s -d : -" 138.Sh SEE ALSO 139.Xr cut 1 , 140.Xr lam 1 141.Sh STANDARDS 142The 143.Nm 144utility is expected to be 145.St -p1003.2 146compatible. 147.Sh HISTORY 148A 149.Nm 150command appeared in 151.At 32v . 152.Sh BUGS 153Multibyte character delimiters cannot be specified with the 154.Fl d 155option. 156