1.\" Copyright (c) 1991 Keith Muller. 2.\" Copyright (c) 1993 3.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6.\" Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego. 7.\" 8.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 9.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 10.\" are met: 11.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 13.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 14.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 15.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 16.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 17.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 18.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 19.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 20.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 21.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 22.\" without specific prior written permission. 23.\" 24.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 25.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 26.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 27.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 28.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 29.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 30.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 31.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 32.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 33.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 34.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 35.\" 36.\" @(#)pr.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/18/94 37.\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/pr/pr.1,v 1.9.2.9 2002/07/15 07:29:05 keramida Exp $ 38.\" $DragonFly: src/usr.bin/pr/pr.1,v 1.4 2006/03/01 08:01:09 swildner Exp $ 39.\" 40.Dd September 20, 2001 41.Dt PR 1 42.Os 43.Sh NAME 44.Nm pr 45.Nd print files 46.Sh SYNOPSIS 47.Nm 48.Bk -words 49.Op Ar \&+page 50.Ek 51.Bk -words 52.Op Fl Ar column 53.Ek 54.Op Fl adFfmprt 55.Bk -words 56.Oo 57.Op Fl e 58.Op Ar char 59.Op Ar gap 60.Oc 61.Ek 62.Bk -words 63.Op Fl L Ar locale 64.Ek 65.Bk -words 66.Op Fl h Ar header 67.Ek 68.Bk -words 69.Oo 70.Op Fl i 71.Op Ar char 72.Op Ar gap 73.Oc 74.Ek 75.Bk -words 76.Op Fl l Ar lines 77.Ek 78.Bk -words 79.Op Fl o Ar offset 80.Ek 81.Bk -words 82.Oo 83.Op Fl s 84.Op Ar char 85.Oc 86.Ek 87.Bk -words 88.Oo 89.Op Fl n 90.Op Ar char 91.Op Ar width 92.Oc 93.Ek 94.Bk -words 95.Op Fl w Ar width 96.Ek 97.Op - 98.Op Ar 99.Sh DESCRIPTION 100The 101.Nm 102utility is a printing and pagination filter for text files. 103When multiple input files are specified, each is read, formatted, 104and written to standard output. 105By default, the input is separated into 66-line pages, each with 106.Bl -bullet 107.It 108A 5-line header with the page number, date, time, and 109the pathname of the file. 110.It 111A 5-line trailer consisting of blank lines. 112.El 113.Pp 114If standard output is associated with a terminal, 115diagnostic messages are suppressed until the 116.Nm 117utility has completed processing. 118.Pp 119When multiple column output is specified, 120text columns are of equal width. 121By default text columns are separated by at least one 122.Em <blank> . 123Input lines that do not fit into a text column are truncated. 124Lines are not truncated under single column output. 125.Sh OPTIONS 126In the following option descriptions, column, lines, offset, page, and 127width are positive decimal integers and gap is a nonnegative decimal integer. 128.Bl -tag -width 4n 129.It Ar \&+page 130Begin output at page number 131.Ar page 132of the formatted input. 133.It Fl Ar column 134Produce output that is 135.Ar columns 136wide (default is 1) that is written vertically 137down each column in the order in which the text 138is received from the input file. 139The options 140.Fl e 141and 142.Fl i 143are assumed. 144This option should not be used with 145.Fl m . 146When used with 147.Fl t , 148the minimum number of lines is used to display the output. 149(To columnify and reshape text files more generally and without additional 150formatting, see the 151.Xr rs 1 152utility.) 153.It Fl a 154Modify the effect of the 155.Fl column 156option so that the columns are filled across the page in a round-robin order 157(e.g., when column is 2, the first input line heads column 1581, the second heads column 2, the third is the second line 159in column 1, etc.). 160This option requires the use of the 161.Fl column 162option. 163.It Fl d 164Produce output that is double spaced. 165An extra 166.Em <newline> 167character is output following every 168.Em <newline> 169found in the input. 170.It Fl e Xo 171.Op Ar char Ns 172.Op Ar gap 173.Xc 174Expand each input 175.Em <tab> 176to the next greater column 177position specified by the formula 178.Ar n*gap+1 , 179where 180.Em n 181is an integer > 0. 182If 183.Ar gap 184is zero or is omitted the default is 8. 185All 186.Em <tab> 187characters in the input are expanded into the appropriate 188number of 189.Em <space>s . 190If any nondigit character, 191.Ar char , 192is specified, it is used as the input tab character. 193.It Fl F 194Use a 195.Em <form-feed> 196character for new pages, 197instead of the default behavior that uses a 198sequence of 199.Em <newline> 200characters. 201.It Fl f 202Same as 203.Fl F 204but pause before beginning the first page if standard output is a terminal. 205.It Fl h Ar header 206Use the string 207.Ar header 208to replace the 209.Ar file name 210in the header line. 211.It Fl i Xo 212.Op Ar char Ns 213.Op Ar gap 214.Xc 215In output, replace multiple 216.Em <space>s 217with 218.Em <tab>s 219whenever two or more 220adjacent 221.Em <space>s 222reach column positions 223.Ar gap+1 , 224.Ar 2*gap+1 , 225etc. 226If 227.Ar gap 228is zero or omitted, default 229.Em <tab> 230settings at every eighth column position 231is used. 232If any nondigit character, 233.Ar char , 234is specified, it is used as the output 235.Em <tab> 236character. 237.It Fl L Ar locale 238Use 239.Ar locale 240specified as argument instead of one found in environment. 241Use "C" to reset locale to default. 242.It Fl l Ar lines 243Override the 66 line default and reset the page length to 244.Ar lines . 245If 246.Ar lines 247is not greater than the sum of both the header and trailer 248depths (in lines), the 249.Nm 250utility suppresses output of both the header and trailer, as if the 251.Fl t 252option were in effect. 253.It Fl m 254Merge the contents of multiple files. 255One line from each file specified by a file operand is 256written side by side into text columns of equal fixed widths, in 257terms of the number of column positions. 258The number of text columns depends on the number of 259file operands successfully opened. 260The maximum number of files merged depends on page width and the 261per process open file limit. 262The options 263.Fl e 264and 265.Fl i 266are assumed. 267.It Fl n Xo 268.Op Ar char Ns 269.Op Ar width 270.Xc 271Provide 272.Ar width 273digit line numbering. 274The default for 275.Ar width , 276if not specified, is 5. 277The number occupies the first 278.Ar width 279column positions of each text column or each line of 280.Fl m 281output. 282If 283.Ar char 284(any nondigit character) is given, it is appended to the line number to 285separate it from whatever follows. 286The default for 287.Ar char 288is a 289.Em <tab> . 290Line numbers longer than 291.Ar width 292columns are truncated. 293.It Fl o Ar offset 294Each line of output is preceded by 295.Ar offset 296.Em <spaces>s . 297If the 298.Fl o 299option is not specified, the default is zero. 300The space taken is in addition to the output line width. 301.It Fl p 302Pause before each page if the standard output is a terminal. 303.Nm 304will write an alert character to standard error and wait for a carriage 305return to be read on the terminal. 306.It Fl r 307Write no diagnostic reports on failure to open a file. 308.It Fl s Ar char 309Separate text columns by the single character 310.Ar char 311instead of by the appropriate number of 312.Em <space>s 313(default for 314.Ar char 315is the 316.Em <tab> 317character). 318.It Fl t 319Print neither the five-line identifying 320header nor the five-line trailer usually supplied for each page. 321Quit printing after the last line of each file without spacing to the 322end of the page. 323.It Fl w Ar width 324Set the width of the line to 325.Ar width 326column positions for multiple text-column output only. 327If the 328.Fl w 329option is not specified and the 330.Fl s 331option is not specified, the default width is 72. 332If the 333.Fl w 334option is not specified and the 335.Fl s 336option is specified, the default width is 512. 337.It Ar file 338A pathname of a file to be printed. 339If no 340.Ar file 341operands are specified, or if a 342.Ar file 343operand is 344.Sq Fl , 345the standard input is used. 346The standard input is used only if no 347.Ar file 348operands are specified, or if a 349.Ar file 350operand is 351.Sq Fl . 352.El 353.Pp 354The 355.Fl s 356option does not allow the option letter to be separated from its 357argument, and the options 358.Fl e , 359.Fl i , 360and 361.Fl n 362require that both arguments, if present, not be separated from the option 363letter. 364.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 365The 366.Nm 367utility exits 0 on success, and 1 if an error occurs. 368.Pp 369Error messages are written to standard error during the printing 370process (if output is redirected) or after all successful 371file printing is complete (when printing to a terminal). 372.Pp 373If 374.Nm 375receives an interrupt while printing to a terminal, it 376flushes all accumulated error messages to the screen before 377terminating. 378.Sh SEE ALSO 379.Xr cat 1 , 380.Xr more 1 , 381.Xr rs 1 382.Sh STANDARDS 383The 384.Nm 385utility is 386.St -p1003.1-2001 387compatible. 388.Sh HISTORY 389A 390.Nm 391command appeared in 392.At v1 . 393