1.\" Copyright (c) 1991 Keith Muller. 2.\" Copyright (c) 1993 3.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6.\" Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego. 7.\" 8.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 9.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 10.\" are met: 11.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 13.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 14.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 15.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 16.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)pr.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/18/94 33.\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/pr/pr.1,v 1.9.2.9 2002/07/15 07:29:05 keramida Exp $ 34.\" 35.Dd September 20, 2001 36.Dt PR 1 37.Os 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm pr 40.Nd print files 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42.Nm 43.Bk -words 44.Op Ar \&+page 45.Ek 46.Bk -words 47.Op Fl Ar column 48.Ek 49.Op Fl adFfmprt 50.Bk -words 51.Oo 52.Op Fl e 53.Op Ar char 54.Op Ar gap 55.Oc 56.Ek 57.Bk -words 58.Op Fl L Ar locale 59.Ek 60.Bk -words 61.Op Fl h Ar header 62.Ek 63.Bk -words 64.Oo 65.Op Fl i 66.Op Ar char 67.Op Ar gap 68.Oc 69.Ek 70.Bk -words 71.Op Fl l Ar lines 72.Ek 73.Bk -words 74.Op Fl o Ar offset 75.Ek 76.Bk -words 77.Oo 78.Op Fl s 79.Op Ar char 80.Oc 81.Ek 82.Bk -words 83.Oo 84.Op Fl n 85.Op Ar char 86.Op Ar width 87.Oc 88.Ek 89.Bk -words 90.Op Fl w Ar width 91.Ek 92.Op - 93.Op Ar 94.Sh DESCRIPTION 95The 96.Nm 97utility is a printing and pagination filter for text files. 98When multiple input files are specified, each is read, formatted, 99and written to standard output. 100By default, the input is separated into 66-line pages, each with 101.Bl -bullet 102.It 103A 5-line header with the page number, date, time, and 104the pathname of the file. 105.It 106A 5-line trailer consisting of blank lines. 107.El 108.Pp 109If standard output is associated with a terminal, 110diagnostic messages are suppressed until the 111.Nm 112utility has completed processing. 113.Pp 114When multiple column output is specified, 115text columns are of equal width. 116By default text columns are separated by at least one 117.Em <blank> . 118Input lines that do not fit into a text column are truncated. 119Lines are not truncated under single column output. 120.Sh OPTIONS 121In the following option descriptions, column, lines, offset, page, and 122width are positive decimal integers and gap is a nonnegative decimal integer. 123.Bl -tag -width 4n 124.It Ar \&+page 125Begin output at page number 126.Ar page 127of the formatted input. 128.It Fl Ar column 129Produce output that is 130.Ar columns 131wide (default is 1) that is written vertically 132down each column in the order in which the text 133is received from the input file. 134The options 135.Fl e 136and 137.Fl i 138are assumed. 139This option should not be used with 140.Fl m . 141When used with 142.Fl t , 143the minimum number of lines is used to display the output. 144(To columnify and reshape text files more generally and without additional 145formatting, see the 146.Xr rs 1 147utility.) 148.It Fl a 149Modify the effect of the 150.Fl column 151option so that the columns are filled across the page in a round-robin order 152(e.g., when column is 2, the first input line heads column 1531, the second heads column 2, the third is the second line 154in column 1, etc.). 155This option requires the use of the 156.Fl column 157option. 158.It Fl d 159Produce output that is double spaced. 160An extra 161.Em <newline> 162character is output following every 163.Em <newline> 164found in the input. 165.It Fl e Xo 166.Op Ar char Ns 167.Op Ar gap 168.Xc 169Expand each input 170.Em <tab> 171to the next greater column 172position specified by the formula 173.Ar n*gap+1 , 174where 175.Em n 176is an integer > 0. 177If 178.Ar gap 179is zero or is omitted the default is 8. 180All 181.Em <tab> 182characters in the input are expanded into the appropriate 183number of 184.Em <space>s . 185If any nondigit character, 186.Ar char , 187is specified, it is used as the input tab character. 188.It Fl F 189Use a 190.Em <form-feed> 191character for new pages, 192instead of the default behavior that uses a 193sequence of 194.Em <newline> 195characters. 196.It Fl f 197Same as 198.Fl F 199but pause before beginning the first page if standard output is a terminal. 200.It Fl h Ar header 201Use the string 202.Ar header 203to replace the 204.Ar file name 205in the header line. 206.It Fl i Xo 207.Op Ar char Ns 208.Op Ar gap 209.Xc 210In output, replace multiple 211.Em <space>s 212with 213.Em <tab>s 214whenever two or more 215adjacent 216.Em <space>s 217reach column positions 218.Ar gap+1 , 219.Ar 2*gap+1 , 220etc. 221If 222.Ar gap 223is zero or omitted, default 224.Em <tab> 225settings at every eighth column position 226is used. 227If any nondigit character, 228.Ar char , 229is specified, it is used as the output 230.Em <tab> 231character. 232.It Fl L Ar locale 233Use 234.Ar locale 235specified as argument instead of one found in environment. 236Use "C" to reset locale to default. 237.It Fl l Ar lines 238Override the 66 line default and reset the page length to 239.Ar lines . 240If 241.Ar lines 242is not greater than the sum of both the header and trailer 243depths (in lines), the 244.Nm 245utility suppresses output of both the header and trailer, as if the 246.Fl t 247option were in effect. 248.It Fl m 249Merge the contents of multiple files. 250One line from each file specified by a file operand is 251written side by side into text columns of equal fixed widths, in 252terms of the number of column positions. 253The number of text columns depends on the number of 254file operands successfully opened. 255The maximum number of files merged depends on page width and the 256per process open file limit. 257The options 258.Fl e 259and 260.Fl i 261are assumed. 262.It Fl n Xo 263.Op Ar char Ns 264.Op Ar width 265.Xc 266Provide 267.Ar width 268digit line numbering. 269The default for 270.Ar width , 271if not specified, is 5. 272The number occupies the first 273.Ar width 274column positions of each text column or each line of 275.Fl m 276output. 277If 278.Ar char 279(any nondigit character) is given, it is appended to the line number to 280separate it from whatever follows. 281The default for 282.Ar char 283is a 284.Em <tab> . 285Line numbers longer than 286.Ar width 287columns are truncated. 288.It Fl o Ar offset 289Each line of output is preceded by 290.Ar offset 291.Em <spaces>s . 292If the 293.Fl o 294option is not specified, the default is zero. 295The space taken is in addition to the output line width. 296.It Fl p 297Pause before each page if the standard output is a terminal. 298.Nm 299will write an alert character to standard error and wait for a carriage 300return to be read on the terminal. 301.It Fl r 302Write no diagnostic reports on failure to open a file. 303.It Fl s Ar char 304Separate text columns by the single character 305.Ar char 306instead of by the appropriate number of 307.Em <space>s 308(default for 309.Ar char 310is the 311.Em <tab> 312character). 313.It Fl t 314Print neither the five-line identifying 315header nor the five-line trailer usually supplied for each page. 316Quit printing after the last line of each file without spacing to the 317end of the page. 318.It Fl w Ar width 319Set the width of the line to 320.Ar width 321column positions for multiple text-column output only. 322If the 323.Fl w 324option is not specified and the 325.Fl s 326option is not specified, the default width is 72. 327If the 328.Fl w 329option is not specified and the 330.Fl s 331option is specified, the default width is 512. 332.It Ar file 333A pathname of a file to be printed. 334If no 335.Ar file 336operands are specified, or if a 337.Ar file 338operand is 339.Sq Fl , 340the standard input is used. 341The standard input is used only if no 342.Ar file 343operands are specified, or if a 344.Ar file 345operand is 346.Sq Fl . 347.El 348.Pp 349The 350.Fl s 351option does not allow the option letter to be separated from its 352argument, and the options 353.Fl e , 354.Fl i , 355and 356.Fl n 357require that both arguments, if present, not be separated from the option 358letter. 359.Sh EXIT STATUS 360.Ex -std 361.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 362If 363.Nm 364receives an interrupt while printing to a terminal, it 365flushes all accumulated error messages to the screen before 366terminating. 367.Pp 368Error messages are written to standard error during the printing 369process (if output is redirected) or after all successful 370file printing is complete (when printing to a terminal). 371.Sh SEE ALSO 372.Xr cat 1 , 373.Xr more 1 , 374.Xr rs 1 375.Sh STANDARDS 376The 377.Nm 378utility is 379.St -p1003.1-2001 380compatible. 381.Sh HISTORY 382A 383.Nm 384command appeared in 385.At v1 . 386.Sh BUGS 387The 388.Nm 389utility does not recognize multibyte characters. 390