1 /*- 2 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 12 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 13 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 14 * must display the following acknowledgement: 15 * This product includes software developed by the University of 16 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 17 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 18 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 19 * without specific prior written permission. 20 * 21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 22 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 23 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 24 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 25 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 26 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 27 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 28 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 29 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 30 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 31 * SUCH DAMAGE. 32 * 33 * @(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 34 * @(#)printf.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 7/20/93 35 * $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/printf/printf.c,v 1.50 2010/12/29 21:38:00 jilles Exp $ 36 */ 37 38 #include <sys/types.h> 39 40 #include <err.h> 41 #include <errno.h> 42 #include <inttypes.h> 43 #include <limits.h> 44 #include <locale.h> 45 #include <stdio.h> 46 #include <stdlib.h> 47 #include <string.h> 48 #include <unistd.h> 49 50 #ifdef SHELL 51 #define main printfcmd 52 #include "bltin/bltin.h" 53 #include "error.h" 54 #endif 55 56 #define PF(f, func) do { \ 57 char *b = NULL; \ 58 if (havewidth) \ 59 if (haveprec) \ 60 asprintf(&b, f, fieldwidth, precision, func); \ 61 else \ 62 asprintf(&b, f, fieldwidth, func); \ 63 else if (haveprec) \ 64 asprintf(&b, f, precision, func); \ 65 else \ 66 asprintf(&b, f, func); \ 67 if (b) { \ 68 fputs(b, stdout); \ 69 free(b); \ 70 } \ 71 } while (0) 72 73 static int asciicode(void); 74 static char *printf_doformat(char *, int *); 75 static int escape(char *, int, size_t *); 76 static int getchr(void); 77 static int getfloating(long double *, int); 78 static int getint(int *); 79 static int getnum(intmax_t *, uintmax_t *, int); 80 static const char 81 *getstr(void); 82 static char *mknum(char *, char); 83 static void usage(void); 84 85 static char **gargv; 86 87 int 88 main(int argc, char **argv) 89 { 90 size_t len; 91 int chopped, end, rval; 92 char *format, *fmt, *start; 93 94 #ifndef SHELL 95 setlocale(LC_ALL, ""); 96 #endif 97 98 /* 99 * We may not use getopt(3) because calling 100 * "printf -f%s oo" may not result in an invalid 101 * option error. 102 * However common usage and other implementations seem 103 * to indicate that we need to allow -- as a discardable 104 * option separator. 105 */ 106 if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "--") == 0) { 107 argc--; 108 argv++; 109 } 110 111 if (argc < 2) { 112 usage(); 113 return (1); 114 } 115 116 argv++; 117 118 #ifdef SHELL 119 INTOFF; 120 #endif 121 /* 122 * Basic algorithm is to scan the format string for conversion 123 * specifications -- once one is found, find out if the field 124 * width or precision is a '*'; if it is, gather up value. Note, 125 * format strings are reused as necessary to use up the provided 126 * arguments, arguments of zero/null string are provided to use 127 * up the format string. 128 */ 129 fmt = format = *argv; 130 chopped = escape(fmt, 1, &len); /* backslash interpretation */ 131 rval = end = 0; 132 gargv = ++argv; 133 for (;;) { 134 start = fmt; 135 while (fmt < format + len) { 136 if (fmt[0] == '%') { 137 fwrite(start, 1, fmt - start, stdout); 138 if (fmt[1] == '%') { 139 /* %% prints a % */ 140 putchar('%'); 141 fmt += 2; 142 } else { 143 fmt = printf_doformat(fmt, &rval); 144 if (fmt == NULL) { 145 #ifdef SHELL 146 INTON; 147 #endif 148 return (1); 149 } 150 end = 0; 151 } 152 start = fmt; 153 } else 154 fmt++; 155 } 156 157 if (end == 1) { 158 warnx("missing format character"); 159 #ifdef SHELL 160 INTON; 161 #endif 162 return (1); 163 } 164 fwrite(start, 1, fmt - start, stdout); 165 if (chopped || !*gargv) { 166 #ifdef SHELL 167 INTON; 168 #endif 169 return (rval); 170 } 171 /* Restart at the beginning of the format string. */ 172 fmt = format; 173 end = 1; 174 } 175 /* NOTREACHED */ 176 } 177 178 179 static char * 180 printf_doformat(char *start, int *rval) 181 { 182 static const char skip1[] = "#'-+ 0"; 183 static const char skip2[] = "0123456789"; 184 char *fmt; 185 int fieldwidth, haveprec, havewidth, mod_ldbl, precision; 186 char convch, nextch; 187 188 fmt = start + 1; 189 /* skip to field width */ 190 fmt += strspn(fmt, skip1); 191 if (*fmt == '*') { 192 if (getint(&fieldwidth)) 193 return (NULL); 194 havewidth = 1; 195 ++fmt; 196 } else { 197 havewidth = 0; 198 199 /* skip to possible '.', get following precision */ 200 fmt += strspn(fmt, skip2); 201 } 202 if (*fmt == '.') { 203 /* precision present? */ 204 ++fmt; 205 if (*fmt == '*') { 206 if (getint(&precision)) 207 return (NULL); 208 haveprec = 1; 209 ++fmt; 210 } else { 211 haveprec = 0; 212 213 /* skip to conversion char */ 214 fmt += strspn(fmt, skip2); 215 } 216 } else 217 haveprec = 0; 218 if (!*fmt) { 219 warnx("missing format character"); 220 return (NULL); 221 } 222 223 /* 224 * Look for a length modifier. POSIX doesn't have these, so 225 * we only support them for floating-point conversions, which 226 * are extensions. This is useful because the L modifier can 227 * be used to gain extra range and precision, while omitting 228 * it is more likely to produce consistent results on different 229 * architectures. This is not so important for integers 230 * because overflow is the only bad thing that can happen to 231 * them, but consider the command printf %a 1.1 232 */ 233 if (*fmt == 'L') { 234 mod_ldbl = 1; 235 fmt++; 236 if (!strchr("aAeEfFgG", *fmt)) { 237 warnx("bad modifier L for %%%c", *fmt); 238 return (NULL); 239 } 240 } else { 241 mod_ldbl = 0; 242 } 243 244 convch = *fmt; 245 nextch = *++fmt; 246 *fmt = '\0'; 247 switch (convch) { 248 case 'b': { 249 size_t len; 250 char *p; 251 int getout; 252 253 p = strdup(getstr()); 254 if (p == NULL) { 255 warnx("%s", strerror(ENOMEM)); 256 return (NULL); 257 } 258 getout = escape(p, 0, &len); 259 *(fmt - 1) = 's'; 260 PF(start, p); 261 *(fmt - 1) = 'b'; 262 free(p); 263 if (getout) 264 return (fmt); 265 break; 266 } 267 case 'c': { 268 char p; 269 270 p = getchr(); 271 PF(start, p); 272 break; 273 } 274 case 's': { 275 const char *p; 276 277 p = getstr(); 278 PF(start, p); 279 break; 280 } 281 case 'd': case 'i': case 'o': case 'u': case 'x': case 'X': { 282 char *f; 283 intmax_t val; 284 uintmax_t uval; 285 int signedconv; 286 287 signedconv = (convch == 'd' || convch == 'i'); 288 if ((f = mknum(start, convch)) == NULL) 289 return (NULL); 290 if (getnum(&val, &uval, signedconv)) 291 *rval = 1; 292 if (signedconv) 293 PF(f, val); 294 else 295 PF(f, uval); 296 break; 297 } 298 case 'e': case 'E': 299 case 'f': case 'F': 300 case 'g': case 'G': 301 case 'a': case 'A': { 302 long double p; 303 304 if (getfloating(&p, mod_ldbl)) 305 *rval = 1; 306 if (mod_ldbl) 307 PF(start, p); 308 else 309 PF(start, (double)p); 310 break; 311 } 312 default: 313 warnx("illegal format character %c", convch); 314 return (NULL); 315 } 316 *fmt = nextch; 317 return (fmt); 318 } 319 320 static char * 321 mknum(char *str, char ch) 322 { 323 static char *copy; 324 static size_t copy_size; 325 char *newcopy; 326 size_t len, newlen; 327 328 len = strlen(str) + 2; 329 if (len > copy_size) { 330 newlen = ((len + 1023) >> 10) << 10; 331 if ((newcopy = realloc(copy, newlen)) == NULL) 332 { 333 warnx("%s", strerror(ENOMEM)); 334 return (NULL); 335 } 336 copy = newcopy; 337 copy_size = newlen; 338 } 339 340 memmove(copy, str, len - 3); 341 copy[len - 3] = 'j'; 342 copy[len - 2] = ch; 343 copy[len - 1] = '\0'; 344 return (copy); 345 } 346 347 static int 348 escape(char *fmt, int percent, size_t *len) 349 { 350 char *save, *store; 351 int value, c; 352 353 for (save = store = fmt; (c = *fmt); ++fmt, ++store) { 354 if (c != '\\') { 355 *store = c; 356 continue; 357 } 358 switch (*++fmt) { 359 case '\0': /* EOS, user error */ 360 *store = '\\'; 361 *++store = '\0'; 362 *len = store - save; 363 return (0); 364 case '\\': /* backslash */ 365 case '\'': /* single quote */ 366 *store = *fmt; 367 break; 368 case 'a': /* bell/alert */ 369 *store = '\a'; 370 break; 371 case 'b': /* backspace */ 372 *store = '\b'; 373 break; 374 case 'c': 375 *store = '\0'; 376 *len = store - save; 377 return (1); 378 case 'f': /* form-feed */ 379 *store = '\f'; 380 break; 381 case 'n': /* newline */ 382 *store = '\n'; 383 break; 384 case 'r': /* carriage-return */ 385 *store = '\r'; 386 break; 387 case 't': /* horizontal tab */ 388 *store = '\t'; 389 break; 390 case 'v': /* vertical tab */ 391 *store = '\v'; 392 break; 393 /* octal constant */ 394 case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': 395 case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7': 396 c = (!percent && *fmt == '0') ? 4 : 3; 397 for (value = 0; 398 c-- && *fmt >= '0' && *fmt <= '7'; ++fmt) { 399 value <<= 3; 400 value += *fmt - '0'; 401 } 402 --fmt; 403 if (percent && value == '%') { 404 *store++ = '%'; 405 *store = '%'; 406 } else 407 *store = value; 408 break; 409 default: 410 *store = *fmt; 411 break; 412 } 413 } 414 *store = '\0'; 415 *len = store - save; 416 return (0); 417 } 418 419 static int 420 getchr(void) 421 { 422 if (!*gargv) 423 return ('\0'); 424 return ((int)**gargv++); 425 } 426 427 static const char * 428 getstr(void) 429 { 430 if (!*gargv) 431 return (""); 432 return (*gargv++); 433 } 434 435 static int 436 getint(int *ip) 437 { 438 intmax_t val; 439 uintmax_t uval; 440 int rval; 441 442 if (getnum(&val, &uval, 1)) 443 return (1); 444 rval = 0; 445 if (val < INT_MIN || val > INT_MAX) { 446 warnx("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE)); 447 rval = 1; 448 } 449 *ip = (int)val; 450 return (rval); 451 } 452 453 static int 454 getnum(intmax_t *ip, uintmax_t *uip, int signedconv) 455 { 456 char *ep; 457 int rval; 458 459 if (!*gargv) { 460 *ip = 0; 461 return (0); 462 } 463 if (**gargv == '"' || **gargv == '\'') { 464 if (signedconv) 465 *ip = asciicode(); 466 else 467 *uip = asciicode(); 468 return (0); 469 } 470 rval = 0; 471 errno = 0; 472 if (signedconv) 473 *ip = strtoimax(*gargv, &ep, 0); 474 else 475 *uip = strtoumax(*gargv, &ep, 0); 476 if (ep == *gargv) { 477 warnx("%s: expected numeric value", *gargv); 478 rval = 1; 479 } 480 else if (*ep != '\0') { 481 warnx("%s: not completely converted", *gargv); 482 rval = 1; 483 } 484 if (errno == ERANGE) { 485 warnx("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE)); 486 rval = 1; 487 } 488 ++gargv; 489 return (rval); 490 } 491 492 static int 493 getfloating(long double *dp, int mod_ldbl) 494 { 495 char *ep; 496 int rval; 497 498 if (!*gargv) { 499 *dp = 0.0; 500 return (0); 501 } 502 if (**gargv == '"' || **gargv == '\'') { 503 *dp = asciicode(); 504 return (0); 505 } 506 rval = 0; 507 errno = 0; 508 if (mod_ldbl) 509 *dp = strtold(*gargv, &ep); 510 else 511 *dp = strtod(*gargv, &ep); 512 if (ep == *gargv) { 513 warnx("%s: expected numeric value", *gargv); 514 rval = 1; 515 } else if (*ep != '\0') { 516 warnx("%s: not completely converted", *gargv); 517 rval = 1; 518 } 519 if (errno == ERANGE) { 520 warnx("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE)); 521 rval = 1; 522 } 523 ++gargv; 524 return (rval); 525 } 526 527 static int 528 asciicode(void) 529 { 530 int ch; 531 532 ch = **gargv; 533 if (ch == '\'' || ch == '"') 534 ch = (*gargv)[1]; 535 ++gargv; 536 return (ch); 537 } 538 539 static void 540 usage(void) 541 { 542 fprintf(stderr, "usage: printf format [arguments ...]\n"); 543 } 544