1.\" Copyright (c) 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)rs.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93 33.\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/rs/rs.1,v 1.4.2.5 2002/06/21 15:28:55 charnier Exp $ 34.\" $DragonFly: src/usr.bin/rs/rs.1,v 1.3 2006/04/17 18:01:37 swildner Exp $ 35.\" 36.Dd December 30, 1993 37.Dt RS 1 38.Os 39.Sh NAME 40.Nm rs 41.Nd reshape a data array 42.Sh SYNOPSIS 43.Nm 44.Oo 45.Fl Oo Cm csCS Oc Ns Op Ar x 46.Oo Cm kKgGw Oc Ns Op Ar N 47.Cm tTeEnyjhHmz 48.Oc 49.Op Ar rows Op Ar cols 50.Sh DESCRIPTION 51The 52.Nm 53utility reads the standard input, interpreting each line as a row 54of blank-separated entries in an array, 55transforms the array according to the options, 56and writes it on the standard output. 57With no arguments it transforms stream input into a columnar 58format convenient for terminal viewing. 59.Pp 60The shape of the input array is deduced from the number of lines 61and the number of columns on the first line. 62If that shape is inconvenient, a more useful one might be 63obtained by skipping some of the input with the 64.Fl k 65option. 66Other options control interpretation of the input columns. 67.Pp 68The shape of the output array is influenced by the 69.Ar rows 70and 71.Ar cols 72specifications, which should be positive integers. 73If only one of them is a positive integer, 74.Nm 75computes a value for the other which will accommodate 76all of the data. 77When necessary, missing data are supplied in a manner 78specified by the options and surplus data are deleted. 79There are options to control presentation of the output columns, 80including transposition of the rows and columns. 81.Pp 82The following options are available: 83.Bl -tag -width indent 84.It Fl c Ns Ar x 85Input columns are delimited by the single character 86.Ar x . 87A missing 88.Ar x 89is taken to be `^I'. 90.It Fl s Ns Ar x 91Like 92.Fl c , 93but maximal strings of 94.Ar x 95are delimiters. 96.It Fl C Ns Ar x 97Output columns are delimited by the single character 98.Ar x . 99A missing 100.Ar x 101is taken to be `^I'. 102.It Fl S Ns Ar x 103Like 104.Fl C , 105but padded strings of 106.Ar x 107are delimiters. 108.It Fl t 109Fill in the rows of the output array using the columns of the 110input array, that is, transpose the input while honoring any 111.Ar rows 112and 113.Ar cols 114specifications. 115.It Fl T 116Print the pure transpose of the input, ignoring any 117.Ar rows 118or 119.Ar cols 120specification. 121.It Fl k Ns Ar N 122Ignore the first 123.Ar N 124lines of input. 125.It Fl K Ns Ar N 126Like 127.Fl k , 128but print the ignored lines. 129.It Fl g Ns Ar N 130The gutter width (inter-column space), normally 2, is taken to be 131.Ar N . 132.It Fl G Ns Ar N 133The gutter width has 134.Ar N 135percent of the maximum column width added to it. 136.It Fl e 137Consider each line of input as an array entry. 138.It Fl n 139On lines having fewer entries than the first line, 140use null entries to pad out the line. 141Normally, missing entries are taken from the next line of input. 142.It Fl y 143If there are too few entries to make up the output dimensions, 144pad the output by recycling the input from the beginning. 145Normally, the output is padded with blanks. 146.It Fl h 147Print the shape of the input array and do nothing else. 148The shape is just the number of lines and the number of 149entries on the first line. 150.It Fl H 151Like 152.Fl h , 153but also print the length of each line. 154.It Fl j 155Right adjust entries within columns. 156.It Fl w Ns Ar N 157The width of the display, normally 80, is taken to be the positive 158integer 159.Ar N . 160.It Fl m 161Do not trim excess delimiters from the ends of the output array. 162.It Fl z 163Adapt column widths to fit the largest entries appearing in them. 164.El 165.Pp 166With no arguments, 167.Nm 168transposes its input, and assumes one array entry per input line 169unless the first non-ignored line is longer than the display width. 170Option letters which take numerical arguments interpret a missing 171number as zero unless otherwise indicated. 172.Sh EXAMPLES 173The 174.Nm 175utility can be used as a filter to convert the stream output 176of certain programs (e.g., 177.Xr spell 1 , 178.Xr du 1 , 179.Xr file 1 , 180.Xr look 1 , 181.Xr nm 1 , 182.Xr who 1 , 183and 184.Xr wc 1 ) 185into a convenient ``window'' format, as in 186.Bd -literal -offset indent 187% who | rs 188.Ed 189.Pp 190This function has been incorporated into the 191.Xr ls 1 192program, though for most programs with similar output 193.Nm 194suffices. 195.Pp 196To convert stream input into vector output and back again, use 197.Bd -literal -offset indent 198% rs 1 0 | rs 0 1 199.Ed 200.Pp 201A 10 by 10 array of random numbers from 1 to 100 and 202its transpose can be generated with 203.Bd -literal -offset indent 204% jot \-r 100 | rs 10 10 | tee array | rs \-T > tarray 205.Ed 206.Pp 207In the editor 208.Xr vi 1 , 209a file consisting of a multi-line vector with 9 elements per line 210can undergo insertions and deletions, 211and then be neatly reshaped into 9 columns with 212.Bd -literal -offset indent 213:1,$!rs 0 9 214.Ed 215.Pp 216Finally, to sort a database by the first line of each 4-line field, try 217.Bd -literal -offset indent 218% rs \-eC 0 4 | sort | rs \-c 0 1 219.Ed 220.Sh SEE ALSO 221.Xr jot 1 , 222.Xr pr 1 , 223.Xr sort 1 , 224.Xr vi 1 225.Sh BUGS 226.Bl -item 227.It 228Handles only two dimensional arrays. 229.It 230The algorithm currently reads the whole file into memory, 231so files that do not fit in memory will not be reshaped. 232.It 233Fields cannot be defined yet on character positions. 234.It 235Re-ordering of columns is not yet possible. 236.It 237There are too many options. 238.El 239