usr.bin/telnet/README

# $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/telnet/README,v 1.1.1.2.6.1 2001/03/04 09:10:39 kris Exp $
# $DragonFly: src/usr.bin/telnet/README,v 1.2 2003/06/17 04:29:32 dillon Exp $

This is a distribution of both client and server telnet.  These programs
have been compiled on:
			telnet	telnetd
	4.4 BSD-Lite	  x	  x
	4.3 BSD Reno	  X	  X
	UNICOS 9.1	  X	  X
	UNICOS 9.0	  X	  X
	UNICOS 8.0	  X	  X
	BSDI 2.0	  X	  X
	Solaris 2.4       x       x (no linemode in server)
	SunOs 4.1.4	  X	  X (no linemode in server)
	Ultrix 4.3	  X	  X (no linemode in server)
	Ultrix 4.1	  X	  X (no linemode in server)

In addition, previous versions have been compiled on the following
machines, but were not available for testing this version.
			telnet	telnetd
	Next1.0		  X	  X
	UNICOS 8.3	  X	  X
	UNICOS 7.C	  X	  X
	UNICOS 7.0	  X	  X
	SunOs 4.0.3c	  X	  X (no linemode in server)
	4.3 BSD		  X  	  X (no linemode in server)
	DYNIX V3.0.12	  X	  X (no linemode in server)
	Ultrix 3.1	  X	  X (no linemode in server)
	Ultrix 4.0	  X	  X (no linemode in server)
	SunOs 3.5	  X	  X (no linemode in server)
	SunOs 4.1.3	  X	  X (no linemode in server)
	Solaris 2.2       x       x (no linemode in server)
	Solaris 2.3       x       x (no linemode in server)
	BSDI 1.0	  X	  X
	BSDI 1.1	  X	  X
	DYNIX V3.0.17.9	  X	  X (no linemode in server)
	HP-UX 8.0	  x       x (no linemode in server)

This code should work, but there are no guarantees.

May 30, 1995

This release represents what is on the 4.4BSD-Lite2 release, which
should be the final BSD release.  I will continue to support of
telnet, The code (without encryption) is available via anonymous ftp
from ftp.cray.com, in src/telnet/telnet.YY.MM.DD.NE.tar.Z, where
YY.MM.DD is replaced with the year, month and day of the release.
If you can't find it at one of these places, at some point in the
near future information about the latest releases should be available
from ftp.borman.com.

In addition, the version with the encryption code is available via
ftp from net-dist.mit.edu, in the directory /pub/telnet.  There
is a README file there that gives further information on how
to get the distribution.

Questions, comments, bug reports and bug fixes can be sent to
one of these addresses:
		dab@borman.com
		dab@cray.com
		dab@bsdi.com

This release is mainly bug fixes and code cleanup.

	Replace all calls to bcopy()/bzero() with calls to
	memmove()/memset() and all calls to index()/rindex()
	with calls to strchr()/strrchr().

	Add some missing diagnostics for option tracing
	to telnetd.

	Add support for BSDI 2.0 and Solaris 2.4.

	Add support for UNICOS 8.0

	Get rid of expanded tabs and trailing white spaces.

	From Paul Vixie:
		Fix for telnet going into an endless spin
		when the session dies abnormally.

	From Jef Poskanzer:
		Changes to allow telnet to compile
		under SunOS 3.5.

	From Philip Guenther:
		makeutx() doesn't expand utmpx,
		use pututxline() instead.

	From Chris Torek:
		Add a sleep(1) before execing login
		to avoid race condition that can eat
		up the login prompt.
		Use terminal speed directly if it is
		not an encoded value.

	From Steve Parker:
		Fix to realloc() call.  Fix for execing
		login on solaris with no user name.

January 19, 1994

This is a list of some of the changes since the last tar release
of telnet/telnetd.  There are probably other changes that aren't
listed here, but this should hit a lot of the main ones.

   General:
	Changed #define for AUTHENTICATE to AUTHENTICATION
	Changed #define for ENCRYPT to ENCRYPTION
	Changed #define for DES_ENCRYPT to DES_ENCRYPTION

	Added support for SPX authentication: -DSPX

	Added support for Kerberos Version 5 authentication: -DKRB5

	Added support for ANSI C function prototypes

	Added support for the NEW-ENVIRON option (RFC-1572)
	including support for USERVAR.

	Made support for the old Environment Option (RFC-1408)
	conditional on -DOLD_ENVIRON

	Added #define ENV_HACK - support for RFC 1571

	The encryption code is removed from the public distributions.
	Domestic 4.4 BSD distributions contain the encryption code.

	ENV_HACK: Code to deal with systems that only implement
		the old ENVIRON option, and have reversed definitions
		of ENV_VAR and ENV_VAL.  Also fixes ENV processing in
		client to handle things besides just the default set...

	NO_BSD_SETJMP: UNICOS configuration for
		UNICOS 6.1/6.0/5.1/5.0 systems.

	STREAMSPTY: Use /dev/ptmx to get a clean pty.  This
		is for SVr4 derivatives (Like Solaris)

	UTMPX: For systems that have /etc/utmpx. This is for
		SVr4 derivatives (Like Solaris)

	Definitions for BSDI 1.0

	Definitions for 4.3 Reno and 4.4 BSD.

	Definitions for UNICOS 8.0 and UNICOS 7.C

	Definitions for Solaris 2.0

	Definitions for HP-UX 8.0

	Latest Copyright notices from Berkeley.

	FLOW-CONTROL: support for RFC-XXXx


   Client Specific:

	Fix the "send" command to not send garbage...

	Fix status message for "skiprc"

	Make sure to send NAWS after telnet has been suspended
	or an external command has been run, if the window size
	has changed.

	sysV88 support.

   Server Specific:

	Support flowcontrol option in non-linemode servers.

	-k Server supports Kludge Linemode, but will default to
	   either single character mode or real Linemode support.
	   The user will have to explicitly ask to switch into
	   kludge linemode. ("stty extproc", or escape back to
	   to telnet and say "mode line".)

	-u Specify the length of the hostname field in the utmp
	   file.  Hostname longer than this length will be put
	   into the utmp file in dotted decimal notation, rather
	   than putting in a truncated hostname.

	-U Registered hosts only.  If a reverse hostname lookup
	   fails, the connection will be refused.

	-f/-F
	   Allows forwarding of credentials for KRB5.

Februrary 22, 1991:

    Features:

	This version of telnet/telnetd has support for both
	the AUTHENTICATION and ENCRYPTION options.  The
	AUTHENTICATION option is fairly well defined, and
	an option number has been assigned to it.  The
	ENCRYPTION option is still in a state of flux; an
	option number has been assigned to, but it is still
	subject to change.  The code is provided in this release
	for experimental and testing purposes.

	The telnet "send" command can now be used to send
	do/dont/will/wont commands, with any telnet option
	name.  The rules for when do/dont/will/wont are sent
	are still followed, so just because the user requests
	that one of these be sent doesn't mean that it will
	be sent...

	The telnet "getstatus" command no longer requires
	that option printing be enabled to see the response
	to the "DO STATUS" command.

	A -n flag has been added to telnetd to disable
	keepalives.

	A new telnet command, "auth" has been added (if
	AUTHENTICATE is defined).  It has four sub-commands,
	"status", "disable", "enable" and "help".

	A new telnet command, "encrypt" has been added (if
	ENCRYPT is defined).  It has many sub-commands:
	"enable", "type", "start", "stop", "input",
	"-input", "output", "-output", "status", and "help".

	The LOGOUT option is now supported by both telnet
	and telnetd, a new command, "logout", was added
	to support this.

	Several new toggle options were added:
	    "autoencrypt", "autodecrypt", "autologin", "authdebug",
	    "encdebug", "skiprc", "verbose_encrypt"

	An "rlogin" interface has been added.  If the program
	is named "rlogin", or the "-r" flag is given, then
	an rlogin type of interface will be used.
		~.	Terminates the session
		~<susp> Suspend the session
		~^]	Escape to telnet command mode
		~~	Pass through the ~.
	    BUG: If you type the rlogin escape character
		 in the middle of a line while in rlogin
		 mode, you cannot erase it or any characters
		 before it.  Hopefully this can be fixed
		 in a future release...

    General changes:

	A "libtelnet.a" has now been created.  This libraray
	contains code that is common to both telnet and
	telnetd.  This is also where library routines that
	are needed, but are not in the standard C library,
	are placed.

	The makefiles have been re-done.  All of the site
	specific configuration information has now been put
	into a single "Config.generic" file, in the top level
	directory.  Changing this one file will take care of
	all three subdirectories.  Also, to add a new/local
	definition, a "Config.local" file may be created
	at the top level; if that file exists, the subdirectories
	will use that file instead of "Config.generic".

	Many 1-2 line functions in commands.c have been
	removed, and just inserted in-line, or replaced
	with a macro.

    Bug Fixes:

	The non-termio code in both telnet and telnetd was
	setting/clearing CTLECH in the sg_flags word.  This
	was incorrect, and has been changed to set/clear the
	LCTLECH bit in the local mode word.

	The SRCRT #define has been removed.  If IP_OPTIONS
	and IPPROTO_IP are defined on the system, then the
	source route code is automatically enabled.

	The NO_GETTYTAB #define has been removed; there
	is a compatibility routine that can be built into
	libtelnet to achive the same results.

	The server, telnetd, has been switched to use getopt()
	for parsing the argument list.

	The code for getting the input/output speeds via
	cfgetispeed()/cfgetospeed() was still not quite
	right in telnet.  Posix says if the ispeed is 0,
	then it is really equal to the ospeed.

	The suboption processing code in telnet now has
	explicit checks to make sure that we received
	the entire suboption (telnetd was already doing this).

	The telnet code for processing the terminal type
	could cause a core dump if an existing connection
	was closed, and a new connection opened without
	exiting telnet.

	Telnetd was doing a TCSADRAIN when setting the new
	terminal settings;  This is not good, because it means
	that the tcsetattr() will hang waiting for output to
	drain, and telnetd is the only one that will drain
	the output...  The fix is to use TCSANOW which does
	not wait.

	Telnetd was improperly setting/clearing the ISTRIP
	flag in the c_lflag field, it should be using the
	c_iflag field.

	When the child process of telnetd was opening the
	slave side of the pty, it was re-setting the EXTPROC
	bit too early, and some of the other initialization
	code was wiping it out.  This would cause telnetd
	to go out of linemode and into single character mode.

	One instance of leaving linemode in telnetd forgot
	to send a WILL ECHO to the client, the net result
	would be that the user would see double character
	echo.

	If the MODE was being changed several times very
	quickly, telnetd could get out of sync with the
	state changes and the returning acks; and wind up
	being left in the wrong state.

September 14, 1990:

	Switch the client to use getopt() for parsing the
	argument list.  The 4.3Reno getopt.c is included for
	systems that don't have getopt().

	Use the posix _POSIX_VDISABLE value for what value
	to use when disabling special characters.  If this
	is undefined, it defaults to 0x3ff.

	For non-termio systems, TIOCSETP was being used to
	change the state of the terminal.  This causes the
	input queue to be flushed, which we don't want.  This
	is now changed to TIOCSETN.

	Take out the "#ifdef notdef" around the code in the
	server that generates a "sync" when the pty oputput
	is flushed.  The potential problem is that some older
	telnet clients may go into an infinate loop when they
	receive a "sync", if so, the server can be compiled
	with "NO_URGENT" defined.

	Fix the client where it was setting/clearing the OPOST
	bit in the c_lflag field, not the c_oflag field.

	Fix the client where it was setting/clearing the ISTRIP
	bit in the c_lflag field, not the c_iflag field.  (On
	4.3Reno, this is the ECHOPRT bit in the c_lflag field.)
	The client also had its interpretation of WILL BINARY
	and DO BINARY reversed.

	Fix a bug in client that would cause a core dump when
	attempting to remove the last environment variable.

	In the client, there were a few places were switch()
	was being passed a character, and if it was a negative
	value, it could get sign extended, and not match
	the 8 bit case statements.  The fix is to and the
	switch value with 0xff.

	Add a couple more printoption() calls in the client, I
	don't think there are any more places were a telnet
	command can be received and not printed out when
	"options" is on.

	A new flag has been added to the client, "-a".  Currently,
	this just causes the USER name to be sent across, in
	the future this may be used to signify that automatic
	authentication is requested.

	The USER variable is now only sent by the client if
	the "-a" or "-l user" options are explicity used, or
	if the user explicitly asks for the "USER" environment
	variable to be exported.  In the server, if it receives
	the "USER" environment variable, it won't print out the
	banner message, so that only "Password:" will be printed.
	This makes the symantics more like rlogin, and should be
	more familiar to the user.  (People are not used to
	getting a banner message, and then getting just a
	"Password:" prompt.)

	Re-vamp the code for starting up the child login
	process.  The code was getting ugly, and it was
	hard to tell what was really going on.  What we
	do now is after the fork(), in the child:
		1) make sure we have no controlling tty
		2) open and initialize the tty
		3) do a setsid()/setpgrp()
		4) makes the tty our controlling tty.
	On some systems, #2 makes the tty our controlling
	tty, and #4 is a no-op.  The parent process does
	a gets rid of any controlling tty after the child
	is fork()ed.

	Use the strdup() library routine in telnet, instead
	of the local savestr() routine.  If you don't have
	strdup(), you need to define NO_STRDUP.

	Add support for ^T (SIGINFO/VSTATUS), found in the
	4.3Reno distribution.  This maps to the AYT character.
	You need a 4-line bugfix in the kernel to get this
	to work properly:

	> *** tty_pty.c.ORG	Tue Sep 11 09:41:53 1990
	> --- tty_pty.c	Tue Sep 11 17:48:03 1990
	> ***************
	> *** 609,613 ****
	> 			if ((tp->t_lflag&NOFLSH) == 0)
	> 				ttyflush(tp, FREAD|FWRITE);
	> ! 			pgsignal(tp->t_pgrp, *(unsigned int *)data);
	> 			return(0);
	> 		}
	> --- 609,616 ----
	> 			if ((tp->t_lflag&NOFLSH) == 0)
	> 				ttyflush(tp, FREAD|FWRITE);
	> ! 			pgsignal(tp->t_pgrp, *(unsigned int *)data, 1);
	> ! 			if ((*(unsigned int *)data == SIGINFO) &&
	> ! 			    ((tp->t_lflag&NOKERNINFO) == 0))
	> ! 				ttyinfo(tp);
	> 			return(0);
	> 		}

	The client is now smarter when setting the telnet escape
	character; it only sets it to one of VEOL and VEOL2 if
	one of them is undefined, and the other one is not already
	defined to the telnet escape character.

	Handle TERMIOS systems that have separate input and output
	line speed settings imbedded in the flags.

	Many other minor bug fixes.

June 20, 1990:
	Re-organize makefiles and source tree.  The telnet/Source
	directory is now gone, and all the source that was in
	telnet/Source is now just in the telnet directory.

	Separate makefile for each system are now gone.  There
	are two makefiles, Makefile and Makefile.generic.
	The "Makefile" has the definitions for the various
	system, and "Makefile.generic" does all the work.
	There is a variable called "WHAT" that is used to
	specify what to make.  For example, in the telnet
	directory, you might say:
		make 4.4bsd WHAT=clean
	to clean out the directory.

	Add support for the ENVIRON and XDISPLOC options.
	In order for the server to work, login has to have
	the "-p" option to preserve environment variables.

	Add the SOFT_TAB and LIT_ECHO modes in the LINEMODE support.

	Add the "-l user" option to command line and open command
	(This is passed through the ENVIRON option).

	Add the "-e" command line option, for setting the escape
	character.

	Add the "-D", diagnostic, option to the server.  This allows
	the server to print out debug information, which is very
	useful when trying to debug a telnet that doesn't have any
	debugging ability.

	Turn off the literal next character when not in LINEMODE.

	Don't recognize ^Y locally, just pass it through.

	Make minor modifications for Sun4.0 and Sun4.1

	Add support for both FORW1 and FORW2 characters.  The
	telnet escpape character is set to whichever of the
	two is not being used.  If both are in use, the escape
	character is not set, so when in linemode the user will
	have to follow the escape character with a <CR> or <EOF)
	to get it passed through.

	Commands can now be put in single and double quotes, and
	a backslash is now an escape character.  This is needed
	for allowing arbitrary strings to be assigned to environment
	variables.

	Switch telnetd to use macros like telnet for keeping
	track of the state of all the options.

	Fix telnetd's processing of options so that we always do
	the right processing of the LINEMODE option, regardless
	of who initiates the request to turn it on.  Also, make
	sure that if the other side went "WILL ECHO" in response
	to our "DO ECHO", that we send a "DONT ECHO" to get the
	option turned back off!

	Fix the TERMIOS setting of the terminal speed to handle both
	BSD's separate fields, and the SYSV method of CBAUD bits.

	Change how we deal with the other side refusing to enable
	an option.  The sequence used to be: send DO option; receive
	WONT option; send DONT option.  Now, the sequence is: send
	DO option; receive WONT option.  Both should be valid
	according to the spec, but there has been at least one
	client implementation of telnet identified that can get
	really confused by this.  (The exact sequence, from a trace
	on the server side, is (numbers are number of responses that
	we expect to get after that line...):

		send WILL ECHO	1 (initial request)
		send WONT ECHO	2 (server is changing state)
		recv DO ECHO	1 (first reply, ok.  expect DONT ECHO next)
		send WILL ECHO	2 (server changes state again)
		recv DONT ECHO	1 (second reply, ok.  expect DO ECHO next)
		recv DONT ECHO	0 (third reply, wrong answer. got DONT!!!)
	***	send WONT ECHO	  (send WONT to acknowledge the DONT)
		send WILL ECHO	1 (ask again to enable option)
		recv DO ECHO	0

		recv DONT ECHO	0
		send WONT ECHO	1
		recv DONT ECHO	0
		recv DO ECHO	1
		send WILL ECHO	0
		(and the last 5 lines loop forever)

	The line with the "***" is last of the WILL/DONT/WONT sequence.
	The change to the server to not generate that makes this same
	example become:

		send will ECHO	1
		send wont ECHO	2
		recv do ECHO	1
		send will ECHO	2
		recv dont ECHO	1
		recv dont ECHO	0
		recv do ECHO	1
		send will ECHO	0

	There is other option negotiation going on, and not sending
	the third part changes some of the timings, but this specific
	example no longer gets stuck in a loop.  The "telnet.state"
	file has been modified to reflect this change to the algorithm.

	A bunch of miscellaneous bug fixes and changes to make
	lint happier.

	This version of telnet also has some KERBEROS stuff in
	it. This has not been tested, it uses an un-authorized
	telnet option number, and uses an out-of-date version
	of the (still being defined) AUTHENTICATION option.
	There is no support for this code, do not enable it.


March 1, 1990:
CHANGES/BUGFIXES SINCE LAST RELEASE:
	Some support for IP TOS has been added.  Requires that the
	kernel support the IP_TOS socket option (currently this
	is only in UNICOS 6.0).

	Both telnet and telnetd now use the cc_t typedef.  typedefs are
	included for systems that don't have it (in termios.h).

	SLC_SUSP was not supported properly before.  It is now.

	IAC EOF was not translated  properly in telnetd for SYSV_TERMIO
	when not in linemode.  It now saves a copy of the VEOF character,
	so that when ICANON is turned off and we can't trust it anymore
	(because it is now the VMIN character) we use the saved value.

	There were two missing "break" commands in the linemode
	processing code in telnetd.

	Telnetd wasn't setting the kernel window size information
	properly.  It was using the rows for both rows and columns...

Questions/comments go to
		David Borman
		Cray Research, Inc.
		655F Lone Oak Drive
		Eagan, MN 55123
		dab@cray.com.

README:	You are reading it.

Config.generic:
	This file contains all the OS specific definitions.  It
	has pre-definitions for many common system types, and is
	in standard makefile fromat.  See the comments at the top
	of the file for more information.

Config.local:
	This is not part of the distribution, but if this file exists,
	it is used instead of "Config.generic".  This allows site
	specific configuration without having to modify the distributed
	"Config.generic" file.

kern.diff:
	This file contains the diffs for the changes needed for the
	kernel to support LINEMODE is the server.  These changes are
	for a 4.3BSD system.  You may need to make some changes for
	your particular system.

	There is a new bit in the terminal state word, TS_EXTPROC.
	When this bit is set, several aspects of the terminal driver
	are disabled.  Input line editing, character echo, and
	mapping of signals are all disabled.  This allows the telnetd
	to turn of these functions when in linemode, but still keep
	track of what state the user wants the terminal to be in.

	New ioctl()s:

		TIOCEXT		Turn on/off the TS_EXTPROC bit
		TIOCGSTATE	Get t_state of tty to look at TS_EXTPROC bit
		TIOCSIG		Generate a signal to processes in the
				current process group of the pty.

	There is a new mode for packet driver, the TIOCPKT_IOCTL bit.
	When packet mode is turned on in the pty, and the TS_EXTPROC
	bit is set, then whenever the state of the pty is changed, the
	next read on the master side of the pty will have the TIOCPKT_IOCTL
	bit set, and the data will contain the following:
		struct xx {
			struct sgttyb a;
			struct tchars b;
			struct ltchars c;
			int t_state;
			int t_flags;
		}
	This allows the process on the server side of the pty to know
	when the state of the terminal has changed, and what the new
	state is.

	However, if you define USE_TERMIO or SYSV_TERMIO, the code will
	expect that the structure returned in the TIOCPKT_IOCTL is
	the termio/termios structure.

stty.diff:
	This file contains the changes needed for the stty(1) program
	to report on the current status of the TS_EXTPROC bit.  It also
	allows the user to turn on/off the TS_EXTPROC bit.  This is useful
	because it allows the user to say "stty -extproc", and the
	LINEMODE option will be automatically disabled, and saying "stty
	extproc" will re-enable the LINEMODE option.

telnet.state:
	Both the client and server have code in them to deal
	with option negotiation loops.  The algorithm that is
	used is described in this file.

telnet:
	This directory contains the client code.  No kernel changes are
	needed to use this code.

telnetd:
	This directory contains the server code.  If LINEMODE or KLUDGELINEMODE
	are defined, then the kernel modifications listed above are needed.

libtelnet:
	This directory contains code that is common to both the client
	and the server.

arpa:
	This directory has a new <arpa/telnet.h>

libtelnet/Makefile.4.4:
telnet/Makefile.4.4:
telnetd/Makefile.4.4:
	These are the makefiles that can be used on a 4.3Reno
	system when this software is installed in /usr/src/lib/libtelnet,
	/usr/src/libexec/telnetd, and /usr/src/usr.bin/telnet.


The following TELNET options are supported:

	LINEMODE:
		The LINEMODE option is supported as per RFC1116.  The
		FORWARDMASK option is not currently supported.

	BINARY: The client has the ability to turn on/off the BINARY
		option in each direction.  Turning on BINARY from
		server to client causes the LITOUT bit to get set in
		the terminal driver on both ends,  turning on BINARY
		from the client to the server causes the PASS8 bit
		to get set in the terminal driver on both ends.

	TERMINAL-TYPE:
		This is supported as per RFC1091.  On the server side,
		when a terminal type is received, termcap/terminfo
		is consulted to determine if it is a known terminal
		type.  It keeps requesting terminal types until it
		gets one that it recongnizes, or hits the end of the
		list.  The server side looks up the entry in the
		termcap/terminfo data base, and generates a list of
		names which it then passes one at a time to each
		request for a terminal type, duplicating the last
		entry in the list before cycling back to the beginning.

	NAWS:	The Negotiate about Window Size, as per RFC 1073.

	TERMINAL-SPEED:
		Implemented as per RFC 1079

	TOGGLE-FLOW-CONTROL:
		Implemented as per RFC 1080

	TIMING-MARK:
		As per RFC 860

	SGA:	As per RFC 858

	ECHO:	As per RFC 857

	LOGOUT: As per RFC 727

	STATUS:
		The server will send its current status upon
		request.  It does not ask for the clients status.
		The client will request the servers current status
		from the "send getstatus" command.

	ENVIRON:
		This option is currently being defined by the IETF
		Telnet Working Group, and an RFC has not yet been
		issued, but should be in the near future...

	X-DISPLAY-LOCATION:
		This functionality can be done through the ENVIRON
		option, it is added here for completeness.

	AUTHENTICATION:
		This option is currently being defined by the IETF
		Telnet Working Group, and an RFC has not yet been
		issued.  The basic framework is pretty much decided,
		but the definitions for the specific authentication
		schemes is still in a state of flux.

	ENCRYPTION:
		This option is currently being defined by the IETF
		Telnet Working Group, and an RFC has not yet been
		issued.  The draft RFC is still in a state of flux,
		so this code may change in the future.