xref: /dragonfly/usr.bin/vmstat/vmstat.c (revision 631c21f2)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1991, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
14  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
15  *    without specific prior written permission.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
18  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
19  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
21  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
23  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
24  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
25  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
26  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
27  * SUCH DAMAGE.
28  *
29  * @(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1991, 1993 The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
30  * @(#)vmstat.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
31  * $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/vmstat/vmstat.c,v 1.38.2.4 2001/07/31 19:52:41 tmm Exp $
32  */
33 
34 #include <sys/user.h>
35 #include <sys/param.h>
36 #include <sys/time.h>
37 #include <sys/uio.h>
38 #include <sys/namei.h>
39 #include <sys/objcache.h>
40 #include <sys/signal.h>
41 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
42 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
43 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
44 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
45 #include <sys/interrupt.h>
46 
47 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
48 #include <vm/vm_zone.h>
49 
50 #include <ctype.h>
51 #include <err.h>
52 #include <errno.h>
53 #include <kinfo.h>
54 #include <kvm.h>
55 #include <limits.h>
56 #include <nlist.h>
57 #include <paths.h>
58 #include <stdio.h>
59 #include <stdlib.h>
60 #include <string.h>
61 #include <sysexits.h>
62 #include <time.h>
63 #include <unistd.h>
64 #include <devstat.h>
65 
66 static struct nlist namelist[] = {
67 #define	X_BOOTTIME	0
68 	{ "_boottime",	0, 0, 0, 0 },
69 #define X_NCHSTATS	1
70 	{ "_nchstats",	0, 0, 0, 0 },
71 #define	X_KMEMSTATISTICS 2
72 	{ "_kmemstatistics",	0, 0, 0, 0 },
73 #define	X_NCPUS		3
74 	{ "_ncpus",	0, 0, 0, 0 },
75 #define	X_ZLIST		4
76 	{ "_zlist",	0, 0, 0, 0 },
77 #define	X_KSLAB_DUMMY	5
78 	{ "_kslab_dummy", 0, 0, 0, 0 },
79 #ifdef notyet
80 #define	X_DEFICIT	6
81 	{ "_deficit",	0, 0, 0, 0 },
82 #define	X_FORKSTAT	7
83 	{ "_forkstat",	0, 0, 0, 0 },
84 #define X_REC		8
85 	{ "_rectime",	0, 0, 0, 0 },
86 #define X_PGIN		9
87 	{ "_pgintime",	0, 0, 0, 0 },
88 #define	X_XSTATS	10
89 	{ "_xstats",	0, 0, 0, 0 },
90 #define X_END		11
91 #else
92 #define X_END		6
93 #endif
94 	{ "", 0, 0, 0, 0 },
95 };
96 
97 #define ONEMB	(1024L * 1024L)
98 #define ONEKB	(1024L)
99 
100 LIST_HEAD(zlist, vm_zone);
101 
102 struct statinfo cur, last;
103 int num_devices, maxshowdevs;
104 long generation;
105 struct device_selection *dev_select;
106 int num_selected;
107 struct devstat_match *matches;
108 int num_matches = 0;
109 int num_devices_specified, num_selections;
110 long select_generation;
111 char **specified_devices;
112 devstat_select_mode select_mode;
113 
114 struct	vmmeter vmm, ovmm;
115 struct	vmstats vms, ovms;
116 
117 int	winlines = 20;
118 int	nflag = 0;
119 int	mflag = 0;
120 int	verbose = 0;
121 int	unformatted_opt = 0;
122 int	brief_opt = 0;
123 int	ncpus;
124 
125 kvm_t *kd;
126 
127 struct kinfo_cputime cp_time, old_cp_time, diff_cp_time;
128 
129 #define	FORKSTAT	0x01
130 #define	INTRSTAT	0x02
131 #define	MEMSTAT		0x04
132 #define	SUMSTAT		0x08
133 #define	TIMESTAT	0x10
134 #define	VMSTAT		0x20
135 #define ZMEMSTAT	0x40
136 #define OCSTAT		0x80
137 
138 static void cpustats(void);
139 static void dointr(void);
140 static void domem(void);
141 static void dooc(void);
142 static void dosum(void);
143 static void dozmem(u_int interval, int reps);
144 static void dovmstat(u_int, int);
145 static void kread(int, void *, size_t);
146 static void usage(void);
147 static char **getdrivedata(char **);
148 static long getuptime(void);
149 static void needhdr(int);
150 static long pct(long, long);
151 
152 #ifdef notyet
153 static void dotimes(void); /* Not implemented */
154 static void doforkst(void);
155 #endif
156 static void printhdr(void);
157 static const char *formatnum(intmax_t value, int width, int do10s);
158 static void devstats(int dooutput);
159 
160 int
161 main(int argc, char **argv)
162 {
163 	int c, todo;
164 	u_int interval;		/* milliseconds */
165 	int reps;
166 	char *memf, *nlistf;
167 	char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX];
168 
169 	memf = nlistf = NULL;
170 	interval = reps = todo = 0;
171 	maxshowdevs = 2;
172 	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "bc:fiM:mN:n:op:stuvw:z")) != -1) {
173 		switch (c) {
174 		case 'b':
175 			brief_opt = 1;
176 			break;
177 		case 'c':
178 			reps = atoi(optarg);
179 			break;
180 		case 'f':
181 #ifdef notyet
182 			todo |= FORKSTAT;
183 #else
184 			errx(EX_USAGE, "sorry, -f is not (re)implemented yet");
185 #endif
186 			break;
187 		case 'i':
188 			todo |= INTRSTAT;
189 			break;
190 		case 'M':
191 			memf = optarg;
192 			break;
193 		case 'm':
194 			++mflag;
195 			todo |= MEMSTAT;
196 			break;
197 		case 'N':
198 			nlistf = optarg;
199 			break;
200 		case 'n':
201 			nflag = 1;
202 			maxshowdevs = atoi(optarg);
203 			if (maxshowdevs < 0)
204 				errx(1, "number of devices %d is < 0",
205 				     maxshowdevs);
206 			break;
207 		case 'o':
208 			todo |= OCSTAT;
209 			break;
210 		case 'p':
211 			if (buildmatch(optarg, &matches, &num_matches) != 0)
212 				errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
213 			break;
214 		case 's':
215 			todo |= SUMSTAT;
216 			break;
217 		case 't':
218 #ifdef notyet
219 			todo |= TIMESTAT;
220 #else
221 			errx(EX_USAGE, "sorry, -t is not (re)implemented yet");
222 #endif
223 			break;
224 		case 'u':
225 			unformatted_opt = 1;
226 			break;
227 		case 'v':
228 			++verbose;
229 			break;
230 		case 'w':
231 			interval = (u_int)(strtod(optarg, NULL) * 1000.0);
232 			break;
233 		case 'z':
234 			todo |= ZMEMSTAT;
235 			break;
236 		default:
237 			usage();
238 		}
239 	}
240 	argc -= optind;
241 	argv += optind;
242 
243 	if (todo == 0)
244 		todo = VMSTAT;
245 
246 	/*
247 	 * Discard setgid privileges if not the running kernel so that bad
248 	 * guys can't print interesting stuff from kernel memory.
249 	 */
250 	if (nlistf != NULL || memf != NULL) {
251 		setgid(getgid());
252 		if (todo & OCSTAT) {
253 			errx(1, "objcache stats can only be gathered on "
254 			    "the running system");
255 		}
256 	}
257 
258 	kd = kvm_openfiles(nlistf, memf, NULL, O_RDONLY, errbuf);
259 	if (kd == NULL)
260 		errx(1, "kvm_openfiles: %s", errbuf);
261 
262 	if ((c = kvm_nlist(kd, namelist)) != 0) {
263 		if (c > 0) {
264 			warnx("undefined symbols:");
265 			for (c = 0; c < (int)NELEM(namelist); c++)
266 				if (namelist[c].n_type == 0)
267 					fprintf(stderr, " %s",
268 					    namelist[c].n_name);
269 			fputc('\n', stderr);
270 		} else
271 			warnx("kvm_nlist: %s", kvm_geterr(kd));
272 		exit(1);
273 	}
274 
275 	kread(X_NCPUS, &ncpus, sizeof(ncpus));
276 
277 	if (todo & VMSTAT) {
278 		struct winsize winsize;
279 
280 		/*
281 		 * Make sure that the userland devstat version matches the
282 		 * kernel devstat version.  If not, exit and print a
283 		 * message informing the user of his mistake.
284 		 */
285 		if (checkversion() < 0)
286 			errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
287 
288 
289 		argv = getdrivedata(argv);
290 		winsize.ws_row = 0;
291 		ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, (char *)&winsize);
292 		if (winsize.ws_row > 0)
293 			winlines = winsize.ws_row;
294 
295 	}
296 
297 #define	BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
298 #ifdef	BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
299 	if (*argv) {
300 		interval = (u_int)(strtod(*argv, NULL) * 1000.0);
301 		if (*++argv)
302 			reps = atoi(*argv);
303 	}
304 #endif
305 
306 	if (interval) {
307 		if (!reps)
308 			reps = -1;
309 	} else if (reps) {
310 		interval = 1000;
311 	}
312 
313 #ifdef notyet
314 	if (todo & FORKSTAT)
315 		doforkst();
316 #endif
317 	if (todo & MEMSTAT)
318 		domem();
319 	if (todo & ZMEMSTAT)
320 		dozmem(interval, reps);
321 	if (todo & SUMSTAT)
322 		dosum();
323 #ifdef notyet
324 	if (todo & TIMESTAT)
325 		dotimes();
326 #endif
327 	if (todo & INTRSTAT)
328 		dointr();
329 	if (todo & VMSTAT)
330 		dovmstat(interval, reps);
331 	if (todo & OCSTAT)
332 		dooc();
333 	exit(0);
334 }
335 
336 static char **
337 getdrivedata(char **argv)
338 {
339 	if ((num_devices = getnumdevs()) < 0)
340 		errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
341 
342 	cur.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)malloc(sizeof(struct devinfo));
343 	last.dinfo = (struct devinfo *)malloc(sizeof(struct devinfo));
344 	bzero(cur.dinfo, sizeof(struct devinfo));
345 	bzero(last.dinfo, sizeof(struct devinfo));
346 
347 	if (getdevs(&cur) == -1)
348 		errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
349 
350 	num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs;
351 	generation = cur.dinfo->generation;
352 
353 	specified_devices = (char **)malloc(sizeof(char *));
354 	for (num_devices_specified = 0; *argv; ++argv) {
355 		if (isdigit(**argv))
356 			break;
357 		num_devices_specified++;
358 		specified_devices = (char **)realloc(specified_devices,
359 						     sizeof(char *) *
360 						     num_devices_specified);
361 		specified_devices[num_devices_specified - 1] = *argv;
362 	}
363 	dev_select = NULL;
364 
365 	if (nflag == 0 && maxshowdevs < num_devices_specified)
366 			maxshowdevs = num_devices_specified;
367 
368 	/*
369 	 * People are generally only interested in disk statistics when
370 	 * they're running vmstat.  So, that's what we're going to give
371 	 * them if they don't specify anything by default.  We'll also give
372 	 * them any other random devices in the system so that we get to
373 	 * maxshowdevs devices, if that many devices exist.  If the user
374 	 * specifies devices on the command line, either through a pattern
375 	 * match or by naming them explicitly, we will give the user only
376 	 * those devices.
377 	 */
378 	if ((num_devices_specified == 0) && (num_matches == 0)) {
379 		if (buildmatch("da", &matches, &num_matches) != 0)
380 			errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
381 
382 		select_mode = DS_SELECT_ADD;
383 	} else
384 		select_mode = DS_SELECT_ONLY;
385 
386 	/*
387 	 * At this point, selectdevs will almost surely indicate that the
388 	 * device list has changed, so we don't look for return values of 0
389 	 * or 1.  If we get back -1, though, there is an error.
390 	 */
391 	if (selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected, &num_selections,
392 		       &select_generation, generation, cur.dinfo->devices,
393 		       num_devices, matches, num_matches, specified_devices,
394 		       num_devices_specified, select_mode,
395 		       maxshowdevs, 0) == -1)
396 		errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
397 
398 	return(argv);
399 }
400 
401 static long
402 getuptime(void)
403 {
404 	struct timespec ts;
405 
406 	clock_gettime(CLOCK_UPTIME, &ts);
407 
408 	return ts.tv_sec;
409 }
410 
411 int	hdrcnt;
412 
413 static void
414 dovmstat(u_int interval, int reps)
415 {
416 	struct vmtotal total;
417 	struct devinfo *tmp_dinfo;
418 	size_t vmm_size = sizeof(vmm);
419 	size_t vms_size = sizeof(vms);
420 	size_t vmt_size = sizeof(total);
421 	int initial = 1;
422 	int dooutput = 1;
423 
424 	signal(SIGCONT, needhdr);
425 	if (reps != 0)
426 		dooutput = 0;
427 
428 	for (hdrcnt = 1;;) {
429 		if (!--hdrcnt)
430 			printhdr();
431 		if (kinfo_get_sched_cputime(&cp_time))
432 			err(1, "kinfo_get_sched_cputime");
433 
434 		tmp_dinfo = last.dinfo;
435 		last.dinfo = cur.dinfo;
436 		cur.dinfo = tmp_dinfo;
437 		last.busy_time = cur.busy_time;
438 
439 		/*
440 		 * Here what we want to do is refresh our device stats.
441 		 * getdevs() returns 1 when the device list has changed.
442 		 * If the device list has changed, we want to go through
443 		 * the selection process again, in case a device that we
444 		 * were previously displaying has gone away.
445 		 */
446 		switch (getdevs(&cur)) {
447 		case -1:
448 			errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
449 			break;
450 		case 1: {
451 			int retval;
452 
453 			num_devices = cur.dinfo->numdevs;
454 			generation = cur.dinfo->generation;
455 
456 			retval = selectdevs(&dev_select, &num_selected,
457 					    &num_selections, &select_generation,
458 					    generation, cur.dinfo->devices,
459 					    num_devices, matches, num_matches,
460 					    specified_devices,
461 					    num_devices_specified, select_mode,
462 					    maxshowdevs, 0);
463 			switch (retval) {
464 			case -1:
465 				errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
466 				break;
467 			case 1:
468 				printhdr();
469 				break;
470 			default:
471 				break;
472 			}
473 		}
474 		default:
475 			break;
476 		}
477 
478 		if (sysctlbyname("vm.vmstats", &vms, &vms_size, NULL, 0)) {
479 			perror("sysctlbyname: vm.vmstats");
480 			exit(1);
481 		}
482 		if (sysctlbyname("vm.vmmeter", &vmm, &vmm_size, NULL, 0)) {
483 			perror("sysctlbyname: vm.vmmeter");
484 			exit(1);
485 		}
486 		if (sysctlbyname("vm.vmtotal", &total, &vmt_size, NULL, 0)) {
487 			perror("sysctlbyname: vm.vmtotal");
488 			exit(1);
489 		}
490 
491 		/*
492 		 * Be a little inventive so we can squeeze everything into
493 		 * 80 columns.  These days the run queue can trivially be
494 		 * into the three digits and under heavy paging loads the
495 		 * blocked (d+p) count can as well.
496 		 */
497 		if (dooutput) {
498 			char b1[4];
499 			char b2[4];
500 			char b3[2];
501 
502 			strcpy(b1, "***");
503 			strcpy(b2, "***");
504 			strcpy(b3, "*");
505 			if (total.t_rq - 1 < 1000) {
506 				snprintf(b1, sizeof(b1),
507 					 "%3ld", total.t_rq - 1);
508 			}
509 			if (total.t_dw + total.t_pw < 1000) {
510 				snprintf(b2, sizeof(b2),
511 					 "%3ld", total.t_dw + total.t_pw);
512 			}
513 			if (total.t_sw < 10) {
514 				snprintf(b3, sizeof(b3), "%ld", total.t_sw);
515 			}
516 			printf("%s %s %s", b1, b2, b3);
517 		}
518 
519 #define rate(x)		\
520 	(intmax_t)(initial ? (x) : ((intmax_t)(x) * 1000 + interval / 2) \
521 				   / interval)
522 
523 		if (dooutput) {
524 			printf(" %s ",
525 			       formatnum((int64_t)total.t_free *
526 					 vms.v_page_size,
527 					 5, 1));
528 			printf("%s ",
529 			       formatnum(rate(vmm.v_vm_faults -
530 					      ovmm.v_vm_faults),
531 					 5, 1));
532 			printf("%s ",
533 			       formatnum(rate((vmm.v_reactivated -
534 					      ovmm.v_reactivated) *
535 					      vms.v_page_size),
536 					 4, 1));
537 			printf("%s ",
538 			       formatnum(rate((vmm.v_swappgsin +
539 					       vmm.v_vnodepgsin -
540 					       ovmm.v_swappgsin -
541 					       ovmm.v_vnodepgsin) *
542 					      vms.v_page_size),
543 					 4, 1));
544 			printf("%s ",
545 			       formatnum(rate((vmm.v_swappgsout +
546 					       vmm.v_vnodepgsout -
547 					       ovmm.v_swappgsout -
548 					       ovmm.v_vnodepgsout) *
549 					      vms.v_page_size),
550 					 4, 1));
551 			printf("%s ",
552 			       formatnum(rate((vmm.v_tfree - ovmm.v_tfree) *
553 					      vms.v_page_size), 4, 1));
554 		}
555 		devstats(dooutput);
556 		if (dooutput) {
557 			printf("%s ",
558 			       formatnum(rate(vmm.v_intr - ovmm.v_intr),
559 					 5, 1));
560 			printf("%s ",
561 			       formatnum(rate(vmm.v_syscall -
562 					      ovmm.v_syscall),
563 					 5, 1));
564 			printf("%s ",
565 			       formatnum(rate(vmm.v_swtch -
566 					      ovmm.v_swtch),
567 					 5, 1));
568 			cpustats();
569 			printf("\n");
570 			fflush(stdout);
571 		}
572 		if (reps >= 0 && --reps <= 0)
573 			break;
574 		ovmm = vmm;
575 		usleep(interval * 1000);
576 		initial = 0;
577 		dooutput = 1;
578 	}
579 }
580 
581 static const char *
582 formatnum(intmax_t value, int width, int do10s)
583 {
584 	static char buf[16][64];
585 	static int bi;
586 	const char *fmt;
587 	double d;
588 
589 	if (brief_opt)
590 		do10s = 0;
591 
592 	bi = (bi + 1) % 16;
593 
594 	if (unformatted_opt) {
595 		switch(width) {
596 		case 4:
597 			snprintf(buf[bi], sizeof(buf[bi]), "%4jd", value);
598 			break;
599 		case 5:
600 			snprintf(buf[bi], sizeof(buf[bi]), "%5jd", value);
601 			break;
602 		default:
603 			snprintf(buf[bi], sizeof(buf[bi]), "%jd", value);
604 			break;
605 		}
606 		return buf[bi];
607 	}
608 
609 	d = (double)value;
610 	fmt = "n/a";
611 
612 	switch(width) {
613 	case 4:
614 		if (value < 1024) {
615 			fmt = "%4.0f";
616 		} else if (value < 10*1024) {
617 			fmt = "%3.1fK";
618 			d = d / 1024;
619 		} else if (value < 1000*1024) {
620 			fmt = "%3.0fK";
621 			d = d / 1024;
622 		} else if (value < 10*1024*1024) {
623 			fmt = "%3.1fM";
624 			d = d / (1024 * 1024);
625 		} else if (value < 1000*1024*1024) {
626 			fmt = "%3.0fM";
627 			d = d / (1024 * 1024);
628 		} else {
629 			fmt = "%3.1fG";
630 			d = d / (1024.0 * 1024.0 * 1024.0);
631 		}
632 		break;
633 	case 5:
634 		if (value < 1024) {
635 			fmt = "%5.0f";
636 		} else if (value < 10*1024) {
637 			fmt = "%4.2fK";
638 			d = d / 1024;
639 		} else if (value < 100*1024 && do10s) {
640 			fmt = "%4.1fK";
641 			d = d / 1024;
642 		} else if (value < 1000*1024) {
643 			fmt = "%4.0fK";
644 			d = d / 1024;
645 		} else if (value < 10*1024*1024) {
646 			fmt = "%4.2fM";
647 			d = d / (1024 * 1024);
648 		} else if (value < 100*1024*1024 && do10s) {
649 			fmt = "%4.1fM";
650 			d = d / (1024 * 1024);
651 		} else if (value < 1000*1024*1024) {
652 			fmt = "%4.0fM";
653 			d = d / (1024 * 1024);
654 		} else if (value < 10LL*1024*1024*1024) {
655 			fmt = "%4.2fG";
656 			d = d / (1024.0 * 1024.0 * 1024.0);
657 		} else if (value < 100LL*1024*1024*1024 && do10s) {
658 			fmt = "%4.1fG";
659 			d = d / (1024.0 * 1024.0 * 1024.0);
660 		} else if (value < 1000LL*1024*1024*1024) {
661 			fmt = "%4.0fG";
662 			d = d / (1024.0 * 1024.0 * 1024.0);
663 		} else {
664 			fmt = "%4.2fT";
665 			d = d / (1024.0 * 1024.0 * 1024.0 * 1024.0);
666 		}
667 		break;
668 	default:
669 		fprintf(stderr, "formatnum: unsupported width %d\n", width);
670 		exit(1);
671 		break;
672 	}
673 	snprintf(buf[bi], sizeof(buf[bi]), fmt, d);
674 	return buf[bi];
675 }
676 
677 static void
678 printhdr(void)
679 {
680 	int i, num_shown;
681 
682 	num_shown = (num_selected < maxshowdevs) ? num_selected : maxshowdevs;
683 	printf("--procs-- ---memory-- -------paging------ ");
684 	if (num_shown > 1)
685 		printf("--disks%.*s",
686 		       num_shown * 4 - 6,
687 		       "---------------------------------");
688 	else if (num_shown == 1)
689 		printf("disk");
690 	printf(" -----faults------ ---cpu---\n");
691 	printf("  r   b w   fre   flt   re   pi   po   fr ");
692 	for (i = 0; i < num_devices; i++)
693 		if ((dev_select[i].selected)
694 		 && (dev_select[i].selected <= maxshowdevs))
695 			printf(" %c%c%d ", dev_select[i].device_name[0],
696 				     dev_select[i].device_name[1],
697 				     dev_select[i].unit_number);
698 	printf("  int   sys   ctx us sy id\n");
699 	hdrcnt = winlines - 2;
700 }
701 
702 /*
703  * Force a header to be prepended to the next output.
704  */
705 static void
706 needhdr(__unused int signo)
707 {
708 
709 	hdrcnt = 1;
710 }
711 
712 static long
713 pct(long top, long bot)
714 {
715 	long ans;
716 
717 	if (bot == 0)
718 		return(0);
719 	ans = (quad_t)top * 100 / bot;
720 	return (ans);
721 }
722 
723 #define	PCT(top, bot) pct((long)(top), (long)(bot))
724 
725 static void
726 dosum(void)
727 {
728 	struct nchstats *nch_tmp, nchstats;
729 	size_t vms_size = sizeof(vms);
730 	size_t vmm_size = sizeof(vmm);
731 	int cpucnt;
732 	u_long nchtotal;
733 	u_long nchpathtotal;
734 	size_t nch_size = sizeof(struct nchstats) * SMP_MAXCPU;
735 
736 	if (sysctlbyname("vm.vmstats", &vms, &vms_size, NULL, 0)) {
737 		perror("sysctlbyname: vm.vmstats");
738 		exit(1);
739 	}
740 	if (sysctlbyname("vm.vmmeter", &vmm, &vmm_size, NULL, 0)) {
741 		perror("sysctlbyname: vm.vmstats");
742 		exit(1);
743 	}
744 	printf("%9u cpu context switches\n", vmm.v_swtch);
745 	printf("%9u device interrupts\n", vmm.v_intr);
746 	printf("%9u software interrupts\n", vmm.v_soft);
747 	printf("%9u traps\n", vmm.v_trap);
748 	printf("%9u system calls\n", vmm.v_syscall);
749 	printf("%9u kernel threads created\n", vmm.v_kthreads);
750 	printf("%9u  fork() calls\n", vmm.v_forks);
751 	printf("%9u vfork() calls\n", vmm.v_vforks);
752 	printf("%9u rfork() calls\n", vmm.v_rforks);
753 	printf("%9u exec() calls\n", vmm.v_exec);
754 	printf("%9u swap pager pageins\n", vmm.v_swapin);
755 	printf("%9u swap pager pages paged in\n", vmm.v_swappgsin);
756 	printf("%9u swap pager pageouts\n", vmm.v_swapout);
757 	printf("%9u swap pager pages paged out\n", vmm.v_swappgsout);
758 	printf("%9u vnode pager pageins\n", vmm.v_vnodein);
759 	printf("%9u vnode pager pages paged in\n", vmm.v_vnodepgsin);
760 	printf("%9u vnode pager pageouts\n", vmm.v_vnodeout);
761 	printf("%9u vnode pager pages paged out\n", vmm.v_vnodepgsout);
762 	printf("%9u page daemon wakeups\n", vmm.v_pdwakeups);
763 	printf("%9u pages examined by the page daemon\n", vmm.v_pdpages);
764 	printf("%9u pages reactivated\n", vmm.v_reactivated);
765 	printf("%9u copy-on-write faults\n", vmm.v_cow_faults);
766 	printf("%9u copy-on-write optimized faults\n", vmm.v_cow_optim);
767 	printf("%9u zero fill pages zeroed\n", vmm.v_zfod);
768 	printf("%9u zero fill pages prezeroed\n", vmm.v_ozfod);
769 	printf("%9u intransit blocking page faults\n", vmm.v_intrans);
770 	printf("%9u total VM faults taken\n", vmm.v_vm_faults);
771 	printf("%9u pages affected by kernel thread creation\n", vmm.v_kthreadpages);
772 	printf("%9u pages affected by  fork()\n", vmm.v_forkpages);
773 	printf("%9u pages affected by vfork()\n", vmm.v_vforkpages);
774 	printf("%9u pages affected by rfork()\n", vmm.v_rforkpages);
775 	printf("%9u pages freed\n", vmm.v_tfree);
776 	printf("%9u pages freed by daemon\n", vmm.v_dfree);
777 	printf("%9u pages freed by exiting processes\n", vmm.v_pfree);
778 	printf("%9lu pages active\n", vms.v_active_count);
779 	printf("%9lu pages inactive\n", vms.v_inactive_count);
780 	printf("%9lu pages in VM cache\n", vms.v_cache_count);
781 	printf("%9lu pages wired down\n", vms.v_wire_count);
782 	printf("%9lu pages free\n", vms.v_free_count);
783 	printf("%9u bytes per page\n", vms.v_page_size);
784 	printf("%9u global smp invltlbs\n", vmm.v_smpinvltlb);
785 
786 	if ((nch_tmp = malloc(nch_size)) == NULL) {
787 		perror("malloc");
788 		exit(1);
789 	} else {
790 		if (sysctlbyname("vfs.cache.nchstats", nch_tmp, &nch_size, NULL, 0)) {
791 			perror("sysctlbyname vfs.cache.nchstats");
792 			free(nch_tmp);
793 			exit(1);
794 		} else {
795 			if ((nch_tmp = realloc(nch_tmp, nch_size)) == NULL) {
796 				perror("realloc");
797 				exit(1);
798 			}
799 		}
800 	}
801 
802 	cpucnt = nch_size / sizeof(struct nchstats);
803 	kvm_nch_cpuagg(nch_tmp, &nchstats, cpucnt);
804 
805 	nchtotal = nchstats.ncs_goodhits + nchstats.ncs_neghits +
806 	    nchstats.ncs_badhits + nchstats.ncs_falsehits +
807 	    nchstats.ncs_miss;
808 	nchpathtotal = nchstats.ncs_longhits + nchstats.ncs_longmiss;
809 	printf("%9ld total path lookups\n", nchpathtotal);
810 	printf("%9ld total component lookups\n", nchtotal);
811 	printf(
812 	    "%9s cache hits (%ld%% pos + %ld%% neg)\n",
813 	    "", PCT(nchstats.ncs_goodhits, nchtotal),
814 	    PCT(nchstats.ncs_neghits, nchtotal));
815 	printf("%9s deletions %ld%%, falsehits %ld%%\n", "",
816 	    PCT(nchstats.ncs_badhits, nchtotal),
817 	    PCT(nchstats.ncs_falsehits, nchtotal));
818 	free(nch_tmp);
819 }
820 
821 #ifdef notyet
822 void
823 doforkst(void)
824 {
825 	struct forkstat fks;
826 
827 	kread(X_FORKSTAT, &fks, sizeof(struct forkstat));
828 	printf("%d forks, %d pages, average %.2f\n",
829 	    fks.cntfork, fks.sizfork, (double)fks.sizfork / fks.cntfork);
830 	printf("%d vforks, %d pages, average %.2f\n",
831 	    fks.cntvfork, fks.sizvfork, (double)fks.sizvfork / fks.cntvfork);
832 }
833 #endif
834 
835 static void
836 devstats(int dooutput)
837 {
838 	int dn;
839 	long double transfers_per_second;
840 	long double busy_seconds;
841 
842 	diff_cp_time.cp_user = cp_time.cp_user - old_cp_time.cp_user;
843 	diff_cp_time.cp_nice = cp_time.cp_nice - old_cp_time.cp_nice;
844 	diff_cp_time.cp_sys = cp_time.cp_sys - old_cp_time.cp_sys;
845 	diff_cp_time.cp_intr = cp_time.cp_intr - old_cp_time.cp_intr;
846 	diff_cp_time.cp_idle = cp_time.cp_idle - old_cp_time.cp_idle;
847 	old_cp_time = cp_time;
848 
849 	busy_seconds = compute_etime(cur.busy_time, last.busy_time);
850 
851 	for (dn = 0; dn < num_devices; dn++) {
852 		int di;
853 
854 		if ((dev_select[dn].selected == 0)
855 		 || (dev_select[dn].selected > maxshowdevs))
856 			continue;
857 
858 		di = dev_select[dn].position;
859 
860 		if (compute_stats(&cur.dinfo->devices[di],
861 				  &last.dinfo->devices[di], busy_seconds,
862 				  NULL, NULL, NULL,
863 				  NULL, &transfers_per_second, NULL,
864 				  NULL, NULL) != 0)
865 			errx(1, "%s", devstat_errbuf);
866 
867 		if (dooutput)
868 			printf("%s ", formatnum(transfers_per_second, 4, 0));
869 	}
870 }
871 
872 static void
873 cpustats(void)
874 {
875 	uint64_t total;
876 	double totusage;
877 
878 	total = diff_cp_time.cp_user + diff_cp_time.cp_nice +
879 	    diff_cp_time.cp_sys + diff_cp_time.cp_intr + diff_cp_time.cp_idle;
880 
881 	if (total)
882 		totusage = 100.0 / total;
883 	else
884 		totusage = 0;
885 	printf("%2.0f ",
886 	       (diff_cp_time.cp_user + diff_cp_time.cp_nice) * totusage);
887 	printf("%2.0f ",
888 	       (diff_cp_time.cp_sys + diff_cp_time.cp_intr) * totusage);
889 	printf("%2.0f",
890 	       diff_cp_time.cp_idle * totusage);
891 }
892 
893 static void
894 dointr(void)
895 {
896 	u_long *intrcnt, uptime;
897 	u_int64_t inttotal;
898 	size_t nintr, inamlen, i, size;
899 	int nwidth;
900 	char *intrstr;
901 	char **intrname;
902 
903 	uptime = getuptime();
904 	if (sysctlbyname("hw.intrnames", NULL, &inamlen, NULL, 0) != 0)
905 		errx(1, "sysctlbyname");
906 	intrstr = malloc(inamlen);
907 	if (intrstr == NULL)
908 		err(1, "malloc");
909 	sysctlbyname("hw.intrnames", intrstr, &inamlen, NULL, 0);
910 	for (nintr = 0, i = 0; i < inamlen; ++i) {
911 		if (intrstr[i] == 0)
912 			nintr++;
913 	}
914 	intrname = malloc(nintr * sizeof(char *));
915 	for (i = 0; i < nintr; ++i) {
916 		intrname[i] = intrstr;
917 		intrstr += strlen(intrstr) + 1;
918 	}
919 
920 	size = nintr * sizeof(*intrcnt);
921 	intrcnt = calloc(nintr, sizeof(*intrcnt));
922 	if (intrcnt == NULL)
923 		err(1, "malloc");
924 	sysctlbyname("hw.intrcnt", intrcnt, &size, NULL, 0);
925 
926 	nwidth = 21;
927 	for (i = 0; i < nintr; ++i) {
928 		if (nwidth < (int)strlen(intrname[i]))
929 			nwidth = (int)strlen(intrname[i]);
930 	}
931 	if (verbose) nwidth += 12;
932 
933 	printf("%-*.*s %11s %10s\n",
934 		nwidth, nwidth, "interrupt", "total", "rate");
935 	inttotal = 0;
936 	for (i = 0; i < nintr; ++i) {
937 		int named;
938 		char *infop, irqinfo[72];
939 
940 		if ((named = strncmp(intrname[i], "irq", 3)) != 0 ||
941 		    intrcnt[i] > 0) {
942 			infop = intrname[i];
943 			if (verbose) {
944 				ssize_t irq, cpu;
945 
946 				irq = i % MAX_INTS;
947 				cpu = i / MAX_INTS;
948 				if (named) {
949 					snprintf(irqinfo, sizeof(irqinfo),
950 						 "irq%-3zd %3zd: %s",
951 						 irq, cpu, intrname[i]);
952 				} else {
953 					snprintf(irqinfo, sizeof(irqinfo),
954 						 "irq%-3zd %3zd: ", irq, cpu);
955 				}
956 				infop = irqinfo;
957 			}
958 			printf("%-*.*s %11lu %10lu\n",
959 				nwidth, nwidth, infop,
960 				intrcnt[i], intrcnt[i] / uptime);
961 		}
962 		inttotal += intrcnt[i];
963 	}
964 	printf("%-*.*s %11llu %10llu\n",
965 		nwidth, nwidth, "Total",
966 		(long long)inttotal, (long long)(inttotal / uptime));
967 }
968 
969 #define	MAX_KMSTATS	16384
970 
971 enum ksuse { KSINUSE, KSMEMUSE, KSOBJUSE, KSCALLS };
972 
973 static long
974 cpuagg(const struct malloc_type *ks, enum ksuse use)
975 {
976     int i;
977     long ttl;
978 
979     ttl = 0;
980 
981     switch(use) {
982     case KSINUSE:
983 	for (i = 0; i < ncpus; ++i)
984 	    ttl += ks->ks_use[i].inuse;
985 	break;
986     case KSMEMUSE:
987 	for (i = 0; i < ncpus; ++i)
988 	    ttl += ks->ks_use[i].memuse;
989 	break;
990     case KSOBJUSE:
991 	ttl = (ks->ks_mgt.npartial + ks->ks_mgt.nfull + ks->ks_mgt.nempty) *
992 	      KMALLOC_SLAB_SIZE;
993 	for (i = 0; i < ncpus; ++i) {
994 	    struct kmalloc_use *kuse = &ks->ks_use[i];
995 
996 	    if (kuse->mgt.active &&
997 		kuse->mgt.active != (void *)namelist[X_KSLAB_DUMMY].n_value)
998 	    {
999 		ttl += KMALLOC_SLAB_SIZE;
1000 	    }
1001 	    if (kuse->mgt.alternate &&
1002 		kuse->mgt.alternate != (void *)namelist[X_KSLAB_DUMMY].n_value)
1003 	    {
1004 		ttl += KMALLOC_SLAB_SIZE;
1005 	    }
1006 	}
1007 	break;
1008     case KSCALLS:
1009 	for (i = 0; i < ncpus; ++i)
1010 	    ttl += ks->ks_use[i].calls;
1011     	break;
1012     }
1013     return(ttl);
1014 }
1015 
1016 static int
1017 mcompare(const void *arg1, const void *arg2)
1018 {
1019 	const struct malloc_type *m1 = arg1;
1020 	const struct malloc_type *m2 = arg2;
1021 	long total1;
1022 	long total2;
1023 
1024 	total1 = cpuagg(m1, KSMEMUSE) + cpuagg(m1, KSOBJUSE);
1025 	total2 = cpuagg(m2, KSMEMUSE) + cpuagg(m2, KSOBJUSE);
1026 	if (total1 < total2)
1027 		return -1;
1028 	if (total1 > total2)
1029 		return 1;
1030 	return 0;
1031 }
1032 
1033 static void
1034 domem(void)
1035 {
1036 	struct malloc_type *ks;
1037 	int nkms;
1038 	int i;
1039 	int n;
1040 	long totuse = 0;
1041 	long totreq = 0;
1042 	long totobj = 0;
1043 	struct malloc_type kmemstats[MAX_KMSTATS], *kmsp;
1044 	char buf[1024];
1045 
1046 	/*
1047 	 * Collect
1048 	 */
1049 	kread(X_KMEMSTATISTICS, &kmsp, sizeof(kmsp));
1050 	for (nkms = 0; nkms < MAX_KMSTATS && kmsp != NULL; nkms++) {
1051 		struct malloc_type *ss;
1052 
1053 		ss = &kmemstats[nkms];
1054 
1055 		if (sizeof(kmemstats[0]) != kvm_read(kd, (u_long)kmsp, ss,
1056 						     sizeof(kmemstats[0])))
1057 		{
1058 			err(1, "kvm_read(%p)", (void *)kmsp);
1059 		}
1060 		if (sizeof(buf) != kvm_read(kd, (u_long)ss->ks_shortdesc,
1061 					    buf, sizeof(buf)))
1062 		{
1063 			err(1, "kvm_read(%p)", kmemstats[nkms].ks_shortdesc);
1064 		}
1065 		buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = '\0';
1066 		ss->ks_shortdesc = strdup(buf);
1067 
1068 		if (ss->ks_use) {
1069 			size_t usebytes;
1070 			void *use;
1071 
1072 			usebytes = ncpus * sizeof(ss->ks_use[0]);
1073 			use = malloc(usebytes);
1074 			if (kvm_read(kd, (u_long)ss->ks_use, use, usebytes) !=
1075 			    (ssize_t)usebytes)
1076 			{
1077 				err(1, "kvm_read(%p)", ss->ks_use);
1078 			}
1079 			ss->ks_use = use;
1080 		}
1081 		kmsp = ss->ks_next;
1082 	}
1083 	if (kmsp != NULL)
1084 		warnx("truncated to the first %d memory types", nkms);
1085 
1086 	/*
1087 	 * Sort (-mm)
1088 	 */
1089 	if (mflag > 1) {
1090 		qsort(kmemstats, nkms, sizeof(struct malloc_type), mcompare);
1091 	}
1092 
1093 	/*
1094 	 * Dump output
1095 	 */
1096 	printf(
1097 	    "\nMemory statistics by type\n");
1098 	printf("\t       Type   Count  MemUse SlabUse   Limit Requests\n");
1099 	for (i = 0, ks = &kmemstats[0]; i < nkms; i++, ks++) {
1100 		long ks_inuse;
1101 		long ks_memuse;
1102 		long ks_objuse;
1103 		long ks_calls;
1104 		char idbuf[64];
1105 
1106 		ks_calls = cpuagg(ks, KSCALLS);
1107 		if (ks_calls == 0 && verbose == 0)
1108 			continue;
1109 
1110 		ks_inuse = cpuagg(ks, KSINUSE);
1111 		ks_memuse = cpuagg(ks, KSMEMUSE);
1112 		ks_objuse = cpuagg(ks, KSOBJUSE);
1113 
1114 		snprintf(idbuf, sizeof(idbuf), "%s", ks->ks_shortdesc);
1115 		for (n = 0; idbuf[n]; ++n) {
1116 			if (idbuf[n] == ' ')
1117 				idbuf[n] = '_';
1118 		}
1119 
1120 		printf("%19s   %s   %s   %s   %s    %s\n",
1121 			idbuf,
1122 			formatnum(ks_inuse, 5, 1),
1123 			formatnum(ks_memuse, 5, 1),
1124 			formatnum(ks_objuse, 5, 1),
1125 			formatnum(ks->ks_limit, 5, 1),
1126 			formatnum(ks_calls, 5, 1));
1127 
1128 		totuse += ks_memuse;
1129 		totobj += ks_objuse;
1130 		totreq += ks_calls;
1131 	}
1132 	printf("\nMemory Totals:  In-Use  Slab-Use Requests\n");
1133 	printf("                 %s  %s   %s\n",
1134 		formatnum(totuse, 5, 1),
1135 		formatnum(totobj, 5, 1),
1136 		formatnum(totreq, 5, 1));
1137 }
1138 
1139 static void
1140 dooc(void)
1141 {
1142 	struct objcache_stats *stat, *s;
1143 	size_t len, count;
1144 
1145 	if (sysctlbyname("kern.objcache.stats", NULL, &len, NULL, 0) < 0)
1146 		errx(1, "objcache stats sysctl failed\n");
1147 
1148 	/* Add some extra space. */
1149 	stat = malloc(len + (8 * sizeof(*stat)));
1150 	if (sysctlbyname("kern.objcache.stats", stat, &len, NULL, 0) < 0)
1151 		errx(1, "objcache stats sysctl failed\n");
1152 
1153 	printf(
1154 	    "\nObjcache statistics by name\n");
1155 	printf("                 Name    Used  Cached   Limit Requests  Allocs Fails  Exhausts\n");
1156 	for (s = stat, count = 0; count < len; ++s) {
1157 		printf("%21s   %s   %s   %s    %s   %s  %s  %s\n",
1158 		    s->oc_name,
1159 		    formatnum(s->oc_used, 5, 1),
1160 		    formatnum(s->oc_cached, 5, 1),
1161 		    s->oc_limit < OBJCACHE_UNLIMITED ?
1162 		    formatnum(s->oc_limit, 5, 1) : "unlim",
1163 		    formatnum(s->oc_requested, 5, 1),
1164 		    formatnum(s->oc_allocated, 5, 1),
1165 		    formatnum(s->oc_failed, 4, 1),
1166 		    formatnum(s->oc_exhausted, 4, 1));
1167 
1168 		count += sizeof(*s);
1169 	}
1170 	free(stat);
1171 }
1172 
1173 #define MAXSAVE	16
1174 
1175 static void
1176 dozmem(u_int interval, int reps)
1177 {
1178 	struct zlist	zlist;
1179 	struct vm_zone	*kz;
1180 	struct vm_zone	zone;
1181 	struct vm_zone	save[MAXSAVE];
1182 	long zfreecnt_prev;
1183 	long znalloc_prev;
1184 	long zfreecnt_next;
1185 	long znalloc_next;
1186 	char name[64];
1187 	size_t namesz;
1188 	int first = 1;
1189 	int i;
1190 	int n;
1191 
1192 	bzero(save, sizeof(save));
1193 
1194 again:
1195 	kread(X_ZLIST, &zlist, sizeof(zlist));
1196 	kz = LIST_FIRST(&zlist);
1197 	i = 0;
1198 
1199 	while (kz) {
1200 		if (kvm_read(kd, (intptr_t)kz, &zone, sizeof(zone)) !=
1201 		    (ssize_t)sizeof(zone)) {
1202 			perror("kvm_read");
1203 			break;
1204 		}
1205 		zfreecnt_prev = save[i].zfreecnt;
1206 		znalloc_prev = save[i].znalloc;
1207 		for (n = 0; n < ncpus; ++n) {
1208 			zfreecnt_prev += save[i].zpcpu[n].zfreecnt;
1209 			znalloc_prev += save[i].zpcpu[n].znalloc;
1210 		}
1211 
1212 		zfreecnt_next = zone.zfreecnt;
1213 		znalloc_next = zone.znalloc;
1214 		for (n = 0; n < ncpus; ++n) {
1215 			zfreecnt_next += zone.zpcpu[n].zfreecnt;
1216 			znalloc_next += zone.zpcpu[n].znalloc;
1217 		}
1218 		save[i] = zone;
1219 
1220 		namesz = sizeof(name);
1221 		if (kvm_readstr(kd, (intptr_t)zone.zname, name, &namesz) == NULL) {
1222 			perror("kvm_read");
1223 			break;
1224 		}
1225 		if (first && interval) {
1226 			/* do nothing */
1227 		} else if (zone.zmax) {
1228 			printf("%-10s %9ld / %-9ld %5ldM used"
1229 			       " %6.2f%% ",
1230 				name,
1231 				(long)(zone.ztotal - zfreecnt_next),
1232 				(long)zone.zmax,
1233 				(long)zone.zpagecount * 4096 / (1024 * 1024),
1234 				(double)(zone.ztotal - zfreecnt_next) *
1235 					100.0 / (double)zone.zmax);
1236 		} else {
1237 			printf("%-10s %9ld             %5ldM used"
1238 			       "         ",
1239 				name,
1240 				(long)(zone.ztotal - zfreecnt_next),
1241 				(long)(zone.ztotal - zfreecnt_next) *
1242 					zone.zsize / (1024 * 1024));
1243 		}
1244 		if (first == 0) {
1245 			printf("use=%ld\n", znalloc_next - znalloc_prev);
1246 		} else if (interval == 0)
1247 			printf("\n");
1248 
1249 		kz = LIST_NEXT(&zone, zlink);
1250 		++i;
1251 	}
1252 	if (reps) {
1253 		first = 0;
1254 		fflush(stdout);
1255 		usleep(interval * 1000);
1256 		--reps;
1257 		printf("\n");
1258 		goto again;
1259 	}
1260 }
1261 
1262 /*
1263  * kread reads something from the kernel, given its nlist index.
1264  */
1265 static void
1266 kread(int nlx, void *addr, size_t size)
1267 {
1268 	const char *sym;
1269 
1270 	if (namelist[nlx].n_type == 0 || namelist[nlx].n_value == 0) {
1271 		sym = namelist[nlx].n_name;
1272 		if (*sym == '_')
1273 			++sym;
1274 		errx(1, "symbol %s not defined", sym);
1275 	}
1276 	if (kvm_read(kd, namelist[nlx].n_value, addr, size) != (ssize_t)size) {
1277 		sym = namelist[nlx].n_name;
1278 		if (*sym == '_')
1279 			++sym;
1280 		errx(1, "%s: %s", sym, kvm_geterr(kd));
1281 	}
1282 }
1283 
1284 static void
1285 usage(void)
1286 {
1287 	fprintf(stderr, "%s%s",
1288 		"usage: vmstat [-imsuvz] [-c count] [-M core] "
1289 		"[-N system] [-w wait]\n",
1290 		"              [-n devs] [disks]\n");
1291 	exit(1);
1292 }
1293