1.\" 2.\" Copyright (c) 1994 Christopher G. Demetriou 3.\" All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7.\" are met: 8.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 12.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 13.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 14.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 15.\" This product includes software developed by Christopher G. Demetriou. 16.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products 17.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission 18.\" 19.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 20.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES 21.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 22.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 23.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 24.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 25.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 26.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 27.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF 28.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 29.\" 30.\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.sbin/sa/sa.8,v 1.11.2.4 2003/03/11 22:31:33 trhodes Exp $ 31.\" $DragonFly: src/usr.sbin/sa/sa.8,v 1.4 2007/12/17 18:13:10 swildner Exp $ 32.\" 33.Dd February 25, 1994 34.Dt SA 8 35.Os 36.Sh NAME 37.Nm sa 38.Nd print system accounting statistics 39.Sh SYNOPSIS 40.Nm 41.Op Fl abcdDfijkKlmnqrstu 42.Op Fl v Ar cutoff 43.Op Ar 44.Sh DESCRIPTION 45The 46.Nm 47utility reports on, cleans up, 48and generally maintains system 49accounting files. 50.Pp 51The 52.Nm 53utility is able to condense the information in 54.Pa /var/account/acct 55into the summary files 56.Pa /var/account/savacct 57and 58.Pa /var/account/usracct , 59which contain system statistics according 60to command name and login id, respectively. 61This condensation is desirable because on a 62large system, 63.Pa /var/account/acct 64can grow by hundreds of blocks per day. 65The summary files are normally read before 66the accounting file, so that reports include 67all available information. 68.Pp 69If file names are supplied, they are read instead of 70.Pa /var/account/acct . 71After each file is read, if the summary 72files are being updated, an updated summary will 73be saved to disk. Only one report is printed, 74after the last file is processed. 75.Pp 76The labels used in the output indicate the following, except 77where otherwise specified by individual options: 78.Bl -tag -width ".Li k*sec" 79.It Li avio 80Average number of I/O operations per execution 81.It Li cp 82Sum of user and system time, in minutes 83.It Li cpu 84Same as 85.Li cp 86.It Li k 87CPU-time averaged core usage, in 1k units 88.It Li k*sec 89CPU storage integral, in 1k-core seconds 90.It Li re 91Real time, in minutes 92.It Li s 93System time, in minutes 94.It Li tio 95Total number of I/O operations 96.It Li u 97User time, in minutes 98.El 99.Pp 100The options to 101.Nm 102are: 103.Bl -tag -width Ds 104.It Fl a 105List all command names, including those containing unprintable 106characters and those used only once. By default, 107.Nm 108places all names containing unprintable characters and 109those used only once under the name ``***other''. 110.It Fl b 111If printing command statistics, sort output by the sum of user and system 112time divided by number of calls. 113.It Fl c 114In addition to the number of calls and the user, system and real times 115for each command, print their percentage of the total over all commands. 116.It Fl d 117If printing command statistics, sort by the average number of disk 118I/O operations. If printing user statistics, print the average number of 119disk I/O operations per user. 120.It Fl D 121If printing command statistics, sort and print by the total number 122of disk I/O operations. 123.It Fl f 124Force no interactive threshold comparison with the 125.Fl v 126option. 127.It Fl i 128Do not read in the summary files. 129.It Fl j 130Instead of the total minutes per category, give seconds per call. 131.It Fl k 132If printing command statistics, sort by the cpu-time average memory 133usage. If printing user statistics, print the cpu-time average 134memory usage. 135.It Fl K 136If printing command statistics, print and sort by the cpu-storage integral. 137.It Fl l 138Separate system and user time; normally they are combined. 139.It Fl m 140Print per-user statistics rather than per-command statistics. 141.It Fl n 142Sort by number of calls. 143.It Fl q 144Create no output other than error messages. 145.It Fl r 146Reverse order of sort. 147.It Fl s 148Truncate the accounting files when done and merge their data 149into the summary files. 150.It Fl t 151For each command, report the ratio of real time to the sum 152of user and system cpu times. 153If the cpu time is too small to report, ``*ignore*'' appears in 154this field. 155.It Fl u 156Superseding all other flags, for each entry 157in the accounting file, print the user ID, total seconds of cpu usage, 158total memory usage, number of I/O operations performed, and 159command name. 160.It Fl v Ar cutoff 161For each command used 162.Ar cutoff 163times or fewer, print the command name and await a reply 164from the terminal. If the reply begins with ``y'', add 165the command to the category ``**junk**''. This flag is 166used to strip garbage from the report. 167.El 168.Pp 169By default, per-command statistics will be printed. The number of 170calls, the total elapsed time in minutes, total cpu and user time 171in minutes, average number of I/O operations, and CPU-time 172averaged core usage will be printed. If the 173.Fl m 174option is specified, per-user statistics will be printed, including 175the user name, the number of commands invoked, total cpu time used 176(in minutes), total number of I/O operations, and CPU storage integral 177for each user. If the 178.Fl u 179option is specified, the uid, user and system time (in seconds), 180CPU storage integral, I/O usage, and command name will be printed 181for each entry in the accounting data file. 182.Pp 183If the 184.Fl u 185flag is specified, all flags other than 186.Fl q 187are ignored. If the 188.Fl m 189flag is specified, only the 190.Fl b , 191.Fl d , 192.Fl i , 193.Fl k , 194.Fl q , 195and 196.Fl s 197flags are honored. 198.Sh FILES 199.Bl -tag -width /var/account/usracct -compact 200.It Pa /var/account/acct 201raw accounting data file 202.It Pa /var/account/savacct 203per-command accounting summary database 204.It Pa /var/account/usracct 205per-user accounting summary database 206.El 207.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 208.Ex -std 209.Sh SEE ALSO 210.Xr lastcomm 1 , 211.Xr acct 5 , 212.Xr ac 8 , 213.Xr accton 8 214.Sh AUTHORS 215.An Chris G. Demetriou Aq cgd@postgres.berkeley.edu 216.Sh CAVEATS 217While the behavior of the options in this version of 218.Nm 219was modeled after the original version, there are some intentional 220differences and undoubtedly some unintentional ones as well. In 221particular, the 222.Fl q 223option has been added, and the 224.Fl m 225option now understands more options than it used to. 226.Pp 227The formats of the summary files created by this version of 228.Nm 229are very different from the those used by the original version. 230This is not considered a problem, however, because the accounting record 231format has changed as well (since user ids are now 32 bits). 232.Sh BUGS 233The number of options to this program is absurd, especially considering 234that there's not much logic behind their lettering. 235.Pp 236The field labels should be more consistent. 237.Pp 238The VM system does not record the CPU storage integral. 239