1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 5.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 16.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 17.\" without specific prior written permission. 18.\" 19.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 20.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 21.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 22.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 23.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 24.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 25.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 26.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 27.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 28.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 29.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 30.\" 31.\" @(#)kill.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/28/95 32.\" $FreeBSD$ 33.\" 34.Dd April 28, 1995 35.Dt KILL 1 36.Os 37.Sh NAME 38.Nm kill 39.Nd terminate or signal a process 40.Sh SYNOPSIS 41.Nm 42.Op Fl s Ar signal_name 43.Ar pid 44\&... 45.Nm 46.Fl l 47.Op Ar exit_status 48.Nm 49.Fl Ar signal_name 50.Ar pid 51\&... 52.Nm 53.Fl Ar signal_number 54.Ar pid 55\&... 56.Sh DESCRIPTION 57The 58.Nm 59utility sends a signal to the processes specified by the 60.Ar pid 61operand(s). 62.Pp 63Only the super-user may send signals to other users' processes. 64.Pp 65The options are as follows: 66.Pp 67.Bl -tag -width Ds 68.It Fl s Ar signal_name 69A symbolic signal name specifying the signal to be sent instead of the 70default 71.Dv TERM . 72.It Fl l Op Ar exit_status 73If no operand is given, list the signal names; otherwise, write 74the signal name corresponding to 75.Ar exit_status . 76.It Fl Ar signal_name 77A symbolic signal name specifying the signal to be sent instead of the 78default 79.Dv TERM . 80.It Fl Ar signal_number 81A non-negative decimal integer, specifying the signal to be sent instead 82of the default 83.Dv TERM . 84.El 85.Pp 86The following pids have special meanings: 87.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact 88.It -1 89If superuser, broadcast the signal to all processes; otherwise broadcast 90to all processes belonging to the user. 91.El 92.Pp 93Some of the more commonly used signals: 94.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact 95.It 1 96HUP (hang up) 97.It 2 98INT (interrupt) 99.It 3 100QUIT (quit) 101.It 6 102ABRT (abort) 103.It 9 104KILL (non-catchable, non-ignorable kill) 105.It 14 106ALRM (alarm clock) 107.It 15 108TERM (software termination signal) 109.El 110.Pp 111Some shells may provide a builtin 112.Nm 113command which is similar or identical to this utility. 114Consult the 115.Xr builtin 1 116manual page. 117.Sh EXAMPLES 118Terminate 119the processes with pids 142 and 157: 120.Pp 121.Dl "kill 142 157" 122.Pp 123Send the hangup signal 124.Pq Dv SIGHUP 125to the process with pid 507: 126.Pp 127.Dl "kill -s HUP 507" 128.Pp 129Terminate the process group with pgid 117: 130.Pp 131.Dl "kill -- -117" 132.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 133.Ex -std 134.Sh SEE ALSO 135.Xr builtin 1 , 136.Xr csh 1 , 137.Xr killall 1 , 138.Xr ps 1 , 139.Xr kill 2 , 140.Xr sigaction 2 141.Sh STANDARDS 142The 143.Nm 144function is expected to be 145.St -p1003.2 146compatible. 147.Sh HISTORY 148A 149.Nm 150command appeared in 151.At v3 . 152.Sh BUGS 153A replacement for the command 154.Dq Li kill 0 155for 156.Xr csh 1 157users should be provided. 158