xref: /freebsd/bin/pkill/pkill.c (revision 1e781c6f)
1 /*	$NetBSD: pkill.c,v 1.16 2005/10/10 22:13:20 kleink Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * Copyright (c) 2002 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
5  * Copyright (c) 2005 Pawel Jakub Dawidek <pjd@FreeBSD.org>
6  * All rights reserved.
7  *
8  * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
9  * by Andrew Doran.
10  *
11  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
12  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
13  * are met:
14  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
16  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
17  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
18  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
19  *
20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
21  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
22  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
23  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
24  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
25  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
26  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
27  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
28  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
29  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
30  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
31  */
32 
33 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
34 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
35 
36 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/param.h>
38 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
39 #include <sys/proc.h>
40 #include <sys/queue.h>
41 #include <sys/stat.h>
42 #include <sys/time.h>
43 #include <sys/user.h>
44 
45 #include <assert.h>
46 #include <stdbool.h>
47 #include <stdio.h>
48 #include <stdlib.h>
49 #include <limits.h>
50 #include <paths.h>
51 #include <string.h>
52 #include <unistd.h>
53 #include <signal.h>
54 #include <regex.h>
55 #include <ctype.h>
56 #include <fcntl.h>
57 #include <kvm.h>
58 #include <err.h>
59 #include <pwd.h>
60 #include <grp.h>
61 #include <errno.h>
62 #include <locale.h>
63 #include <jail.h>
64 
65 #define	STATUS_MATCH	0
66 #define	STATUS_NOMATCH	1
67 #define	STATUS_BADUSAGE	2
68 #define	STATUS_ERROR	3
69 
70 #define	MIN_PID	5
71 #define	MAX_PID	99999
72 
73 /* Ignore system-processes (if '-S' flag is not specified) and myself. */
74 #define	PSKIP(kp)	((kp)->ki_pid == mypid ||			\
75 			 (!kthreads && ((kp)->ki_flag & P_KPROC) != 0))
76 
77 enum listtype {
78 	LT_GENERIC,
79 	LT_USER,
80 	LT_GROUP,
81 	LT_TTY,
82 	LT_PGRP,
83 	LT_JAIL,
84 	LT_SID,
85 	LT_CLASS
86 };
87 
88 struct list {
89 	SLIST_ENTRY(list) li_chain;
90 	long	li_number;
91 	char	*li_name;
92 };
93 
94 SLIST_HEAD(listhead, list);
95 
96 static struct kinfo_proc *plist;
97 static char	*selected;
98 static const char *delim = "\n";
99 static int	nproc;
100 static int	pgrep;
101 static int	signum = SIGTERM;
102 static int	newest;
103 static int	oldest;
104 static int	interactive;
105 static int	inverse;
106 static int	longfmt;
107 static int	matchargs;
108 static int	fullmatch;
109 static int	kthreads;
110 static int	cflags = REG_EXTENDED;
111 static int	quiet;
112 static kvm_t	*kd;
113 static pid_t	mypid;
114 
115 static struct listhead euidlist = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(euidlist);
116 static struct listhead ruidlist = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(ruidlist);
117 static struct listhead rgidlist = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(rgidlist);
118 static struct listhead pgrplist = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(pgrplist);
119 static struct listhead ppidlist = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(ppidlist);
120 static struct listhead tdevlist = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(tdevlist);
121 static struct listhead sidlist = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(sidlist);
122 static struct listhead jidlist = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(jidlist);
123 static struct listhead classlist = SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER(classlist);
124 
125 static void	usage(void) __attribute__((__noreturn__));
126 static int	killact(const struct kinfo_proc *);
127 static int	grepact(const struct kinfo_proc *);
128 static void	makelist(struct listhead *, enum listtype, char *);
129 static int	takepid(const char *, int);
130 
131 int
132 main(int argc, char **argv)
133 {
134 	char buf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX], *mstr, **pargv, *p, *q, *pidfile;
135 	const char *execf, *coref;
136 	int ancestors, debug_opt, did_action;
137 	int i, ch, bestidx, rv, criteria, pidfromfile, pidfilelock;
138 	size_t jsz;
139 	int (*action)(const struct kinfo_proc *);
140 	struct kinfo_proc *kp;
141 	struct list *li;
142 	struct timeval best_tval;
143 	regex_t reg;
144 	regmatch_t regmatch;
145 	pid_t pid;
146 
147 	setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
148 
149 	if (strcmp(getprogname(), "pgrep") == 0) {
150 		action = grepact;
151 		pgrep = 1;
152 	} else {
153 		action = killact;
154 		p = argv[1];
155 
156 		if (argc > 1 && p[0] == '-') {
157 			p++;
158 			i = (int)strtol(p, &q, 10);
159 			if (*q == '\0') {
160 				signum = i;
161 				argv++;
162 				argc--;
163 			} else {
164 				if (strncasecmp(p, "SIG", 3) == 0)
165 					p += 3;
166 				for (i = 1; i < NSIG; i++)
167 					if (strcasecmp(sys_signame[i], p) == 0)
168 						break;
169 				if (i != NSIG) {
170 					signum = i;
171 					argv++;
172 					argc--;
173 				}
174 			}
175 		}
176 	}
177 
178 	ancestors = 0;
179 	criteria = 0;
180 	debug_opt = 0;
181 	pidfile = NULL;
182 	pidfilelock = 0;
183 	quiet = 0;
184 	execf = NULL;
185 	coref = _PATH_DEVNULL;
186 
187 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "DF:G:ILM:N:P:SU:ac:d:fg:ij:lnoqs:t:u:vx")) != -1)
188 		switch (ch) {
189 		case 'D':
190 			debug_opt++;
191 			break;
192 		case 'F':
193 			pidfile = optarg;
194 			criteria = 1;
195 			break;
196 		case 'G':
197 			makelist(&rgidlist, LT_GROUP, optarg);
198 			criteria = 1;
199 			break;
200 		case 'I':
201 			if (pgrep)
202 				usage();
203 			interactive = 1;
204 			break;
205 		case 'L':
206 			pidfilelock = 1;
207 			break;
208 		case 'M':
209 			coref = optarg;
210 			break;
211 		case 'N':
212 			execf = optarg;
213 			break;
214 		case 'P':
215 			makelist(&ppidlist, LT_GENERIC, optarg);
216 			criteria = 1;
217 			break;
218 		case 'S':
219 			if (!pgrep)
220 				usage();
221 			kthreads = 1;
222 			break;
223 		case 'U':
224 			makelist(&ruidlist, LT_USER, optarg);
225 			criteria = 1;
226 			break;
227 		case 'a':
228 			ancestors++;
229 			break;
230 		case 'c':
231 			makelist(&classlist, LT_CLASS, optarg);
232 			criteria = 1;
233 			break;
234 		case 'd':
235 			if (!pgrep)
236 				usage();
237 			delim = optarg;
238 			break;
239 		case 'f':
240 			matchargs = 1;
241 			break;
242 		case 'g':
243 			makelist(&pgrplist, LT_PGRP, optarg);
244 			criteria = 1;
245 			break;
246 		case 'i':
247 			cflags |= REG_ICASE;
248 			break;
249 		case 'j':
250 			makelist(&jidlist, LT_JAIL, optarg);
251 			criteria = 1;
252 			break;
253 		case 'l':
254 			longfmt = 1;
255 			break;
256 		case 'n':
257 			newest = 1;
258 			criteria = 1;
259 			break;
260 		case 'o':
261 			oldest = 1;
262 			criteria = 1;
263 			break;
264 		case 'q':
265 			if (!pgrep)
266 				usage();
267 			quiet = 1;
268 			break;
269 		case 's':
270 			makelist(&sidlist, LT_SID, optarg);
271 			criteria = 1;
272 			break;
273 		case 't':
274 			makelist(&tdevlist, LT_TTY, optarg);
275 			criteria = 1;
276 			break;
277 		case 'u':
278 			makelist(&euidlist, LT_USER, optarg);
279 			criteria = 1;
280 			break;
281 		case 'v':
282 			inverse = 1;
283 			break;
284 		case 'x':
285 			fullmatch = 1;
286 			break;
287 		default:
288 			usage();
289 			/* NOTREACHED */
290 		}
291 
292 	argc -= optind;
293 	argv += optind;
294 	if (argc != 0)
295 		criteria = 1;
296 	if (!criteria)
297 		usage();
298 	if (newest && oldest)
299 		errx(STATUS_ERROR, "Options -n and -o are mutually exclusive");
300 	if (pidfile != NULL)
301 		pidfromfile = takepid(pidfile, pidfilelock);
302 	else {
303 		if (pidfilelock) {
304 			errx(STATUS_ERROR,
305 			    "Option -L doesn't make sense without -F");
306 		}
307 		pidfromfile = -1;
308 	}
309 
310 	mypid = getpid();
311 
312 	/*
313 	 * Retrieve the list of running processes from the kernel.
314 	 */
315 	kd = kvm_openfiles(execf, coref, NULL, O_RDONLY, buf);
316 	if (kd == NULL)
317 		errx(STATUS_ERROR, "Cannot open kernel files (%s)", buf);
318 
319 	/*
320 	 * Use KERN_PROC_PROC instead of KERN_PROC_ALL, since we
321 	 * just want processes and not individual kernel threads.
322 	 */
323 	if (pidfromfile >= 0)
324 		plist = kvm_getprocs(kd, KERN_PROC_PID, pidfromfile, &nproc);
325 	else
326 		plist = kvm_getprocs(kd, KERN_PROC_PROC, 0, &nproc);
327 	if (plist == NULL) {
328 		errx(STATUS_ERROR, "Cannot get process list (%s)",
329 		    kvm_geterr(kd));
330 	}
331 
332 	/*
333 	 * Allocate memory which will be used to keep track of the
334 	 * selection.
335 	 */
336 	if ((selected = malloc(nproc)) == NULL) {
337 		err(STATUS_ERROR, "Cannot allocate memory for %d processes",
338 		    nproc);
339 	}
340 	memset(selected, 0, nproc);
341 
342 	/*
343 	 * Refine the selection.
344 	 */
345 	for (; *argv != NULL; argv++) {
346 		if ((rv = regcomp(&reg, *argv, cflags)) != 0) {
347 			regerror(rv, &reg, buf, sizeof(buf));
348 			errx(STATUS_BADUSAGE,
349 			    "Cannot compile regular expression `%s' (%s)",
350 			    *argv, buf);
351 		}
352 
353 		for (i = 0, kp = plist; i < nproc; i++, kp++) {
354 			if (PSKIP(kp)) {
355 				if (debug_opt > 0)
356 				    fprintf(stderr, "* Skipped %5d %3d %s\n",
357 					kp->ki_pid, kp->ki_uid, kp->ki_comm);
358 				continue;
359 			}
360 
361 			if (matchargs &&
362 			    (pargv = kvm_getargv(kd, kp, 0)) != NULL) {
363 				jsz = 0;
364 				while (jsz < sizeof(buf) && *pargv != NULL) {
365 					jsz += snprintf(buf + jsz,
366 					    sizeof(buf) - jsz,
367 					    pargv[1] != NULL ? "%s " : "%s",
368 					    pargv[0]);
369 					pargv++;
370 				}
371 				mstr = buf;
372 			} else
373 				mstr = kp->ki_comm;
374 
375 			rv = regexec(&reg, mstr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
376 			if (rv == 0) {
377 				if (fullmatch) {
378 					if (regmatch.rm_so == 0 &&
379 					    regmatch.rm_eo ==
380 					    (off_t)strlen(mstr))
381 						selected[i] = 1;
382 				} else
383 					selected[i] = 1;
384 			} else if (rv != REG_NOMATCH) {
385 				regerror(rv, &reg, buf, sizeof(buf));
386 				errx(STATUS_ERROR,
387 				    "Regular expression evaluation error (%s)",
388 				    buf);
389 			}
390 			if (debug_opt > 1) {
391 				const char *rv_res = "NoMatch";
392 				if (selected[i])
393 					rv_res = "Matched";
394 				fprintf(stderr, "* %s %5d %3d %s\n", rv_res,
395 				    kp->ki_pid, kp->ki_uid, mstr);
396 			}
397 		}
398 
399 		regfree(&reg);
400 	}
401 
402 	for (i = 0, kp = plist; i < nproc; i++, kp++) {
403 		if (PSKIP(kp))
404 			continue;
405 
406 		if (pidfromfile >= 0 && kp->ki_pid != pidfromfile) {
407 			selected[i] = 0;
408 			continue;
409 		}
410 
411 		SLIST_FOREACH(li, &ruidlist, li_chain)
412 			if (kp->ki_ruid == (uid_t)li->li_number)
413 				break;
414 		if (SLIST_FIRST(&ruidlist) != NULL && li == NULL) {
415 			selected[i] = 0;
416 			continue;
417 		}
418 
419 		SLIST_FOREACH(li, &rgidlist, li_chain)
420 			if (kp->ki_rgid == (gid_t)li->li_number)
421 				break;
422 		if (SLIST_FIRST(&rgidlist) != NULL && li == NULL) {
423 			selected[i] = 0;
424 			continue;
425 		}
426 
427 		SLIST_FOREACH(li, &euidlist, li_chain)
428 			if (kp->ki_uid == (uid_t)li->li_number)
429 				break;
430 		if (SLIST_FIRST(&euidlist) != NULL && li == NULL) {
431 			selected[i] = 0;
432 			continue;
433 		}
434 
435 		SLIST_FOREACH(li, &ppidlist, li_chain)
436 			if (kp->ki_ppid == (pid_t)li->li_number)
437 				break;
438 		if (SLIST_FIRST(&ppidlist) != NULL && li == NULL) {
439 			selected[i] = 0;
440 			continue;
441 		}
442 
443 		SLIST_FOREACH(li, &pgrplist, li_chain)
444 			if (kp->ki_pgid == (pid_t)li->li_number)
445 				break;
446 		if (SLIST_FIRST(&pgrplist) != NULL && li == NULL) {
447 			selected[i] = 0;
448 			continue;
449 		}
450 
451 		SLIST_FOREACH(li, &tdevlist, li_chain) {
452 			if (li->li_number == -1 &&
453 			    (kp->ki_flag & P_CONTROLT) == 0)
454 				break;
455 			if (kp->ki_tdev == (dev_t)li->li_number)
456 				break;
457 		}
458 		if (SLIST_FIRST(&tdevlist) != NULL && li == NULL) {
459 			selected[i] = 0;
460 			continue;
461 		}
462 
463 		SLIST_FOREACH(li, &sidlist, li_chain)
464 			if (kp->ki_sid == (pid_t)li->li_number)
465 				break;
466 		if (SLIST_FIRST(&sidlist) != NULL && li == NULL) {
467 			selected[i] = 0;
468 			continue;
469 		}
470 
471 		SLIST_FOREACH(li, &jidlist, li_chain) {
472 			/* A particular jail ID, including 0 (not in jail) */
473 			if (kp->ki_jid == (int)li->li_number)
474 				break;
475 			/* Any jail */
476 			if (kp->ki_jid > 0 && li->li_number == -1)
477 				break;
478 		}
479 		if (SLIST_FIRST(&jidlist) != NULL && li == NULL) {
480 			selected[i] = 0;
481 			continue;
482 		}
483 
484 		SLIST_FOREACH(li, &classlist, li_chain) {
485 			/*
486 			 * We skip P_SYSTEM processes to match ps(1) output.
487 			 */
488 			if ((kp->ki_flag & P_SYSTEM) == 0 &&
489 			    strcmp(kp->ki_loginclass, li->li_name) == 0)
490 				break;
491 		}
492 		if (SLIST_FIRST(&classlist) != NULL && li == NULL) {
493 			selected[i] = 0;
494 			continue;
495 		}
496 
497 		if (argc == 0)
498 			selected[i] = 1;
499 	}
500 
501 	if (!ancestors) {
502 		pid = mypid;
503 		while (pid) {
504 			for (i = 0, kp = plist; i < nproc; i++, kp++) {
505 				if (PSKIP(kp))
506 					continue;
507 				if (kp->ki_pid == pid) {
508 					selected[i] = 0;
509 					pid = kp->ki_ppid;
510 					break;
511 				}
512 			}
513 			if (i == nproc) {
514 				if (pid == mypid)
515 					pid = getppid();
516 				else
517 					break;	/* Maybe we're in a jail ? */
518 			}
519 		}
520 	}
521 
522 	if (newest || oldest) {
523 		best_tval.tv_sec = 0;
524 		best_tval.tv_usec = 0;
525 		bestidx = -1;
526 
527 		for (i = 0, kp = plist; i < nproc; i++, kp++) {
528 			if (!selected[i])
529 				continue;
530 			if (bestidx == -1) {
531 				/* The first entry of the list which matched. */
532 				;
533 			} else if (timercmp(&kp->ki_start, &best_tval, >)) {
534 				/* This entry is newer than previous "best". */
535 				if (oldest)	/* but we want the oldest */
536 					continue;
537 			} else {
538 				/* This entry is older than previous "best". */
539 				if (newest)	/* but we want the newest */
540 					continue;
541 			}
542 			/* This entry is better than previous "best" entry. */
543 			best_tval.tv_sec = kp->ki_start.tv_sec;
544 			best_tval.tv_usec = kp->ki_start.tv_usec;
545 			bestidx = i;
546 		}
547 
548 		memset(selected, 0, nproc);
549 		if (bestidx != -1)
550 			selected[bestidx] = 1;
551 	}
552 
553 	/*
554 	 * Take the appropriate action for each matched process, if any.
555 	 */
556 	did_action = 0;
557 	for (i = 0, rv = 0, kp = plist; i < nproc; i++, kp++) {
558 		if (PSKIP(kp))
559 			continue;
560 		if (selected[i]) {
561 			if (longfmt && !pgrep) {
562 				did_action = 1;
563 				printf("kill -%d %d\n", signum, kp->ki_pid);
564 			}
565 			if (inverse)
566 				continue;
567 		} else if (!inverse)
568 			continue;
569 		rv |= (*action)(kp);
570 	}
571 	if (rv && pgrep)
572 		putchar('\n');
573 	if (!did_action && !pgrep && longfmt)
574 		fprintf(stderr,
575 		    "No matching processes belonging to you were found\n");
576 
577 	exit(rv ? STATUS_MATCH : STATUS_NOMATCH);
578 }
579 
580 static void
581 usage(void)
582 {
583 	const char *ustr;
584 
585 	if (pgrep)
586 		ustr = "[-LSfilnoqvx] [-d delim]";
587 	else
588 		ustr = "[-signal] [-ILfilnovx]";
589 
590 	fprintf(stderr,
591 		"usage: %s %s [-F pidfile] [-G gid] [-M core] [-N system]\n"
592 		"             [-P ppid] [-U uid] [-c class] [-g pgrp] [-j jail]\n"
593 		"             [-s sid] [-t tty] [-u euid] pattern ...\n",
594 		getprogname(), ustr);
595 
596 	exit(STATUS_BADUSAGE);
597 }
598 
599 static void
600 show_process(const struct kinfo_proc *kp)
601 {
602 	char **argv;
603 
604 	if (quiet) {
605 		assert(pgrep);
606 		return;
607 	}
608 	if ((longfmt || !pgrep) && matchargs &&
609 	    (argv = kvm_getargv(kd, kp, 0)) != NULL) {
610 		printf("%d ", (int)kp->ki_pid);
611 		for (; *argv != NULL; argv++) {
612 			printf("%s", *argv);
613 			if (argv[1] != NULL)
614 				putchar(' ');
615 		}
616 	} else if (longfmt || !pgrep)
617 		printf("%d %s", (int)kp->ki_pid, kp->ki_comm);
618 	else
619 		printf("%d", (int)kp->ki_pid);
620 }
621 
622 static int
623 killact(const struct kinfo_proc *kp)
624 {
625 	int ch, first;
626 
627 	if (interactive) {
628 		/*
629 		 * Be careful, ask before killing.
630 		 */
631 		printf("kill ");
632 		show_process(kp);
633 		printf("? ");
634 		fflush(stdout);
635 		first = ch = getchar();
636 		while (ch != '\n' && ch != EOF)
637 			ch = getchar();
638 		if (first != 'y' && first != 'Y')
639 			return (1);
640 	}
641 	if (kill(kp->ki_pid, signum) == -1) {
642 		/*
643 		 * Check for ESRCH, which indicates that the process
644 		 * disappeared between us matching it and us
645 		 * signalling it; don't issue a warning about it.
646 		 */
647 		if (errno != ESRCH)
648 			warn("signalling pid %d", (int)kp->ki_pid);
649 		/*
650 		 * Return 0 to indicate that the process should not be
651 		 * considered a match, since we didn't actually get to
652 		 * signal it.
653 		 */
654 		return (0);
655 	}
656 	return (1);
657 }
658 
659 static int
660 grepact(const struct kinfo_proc *kp)
661 {
662 	static bool first = true;
663 
664 	if (!quiet && !first)
665 		printf("%s", delim);
666 	show_process(kp);
667 	first = false;
668 	return (1);
669 }
670 
671 static void
672 makelist(struct listhead *head, enum listtype type, char *src)
673 {
674 	struct list *li;
675 	struct passwd *pw;
676 	struct group *gr;
677 	struct stat st;
678 	const char *cp;
679 	char *sp, *ep, buf[MAXPATHLEN];
680 	int empty;
681 
682 	empty = 1;
683 
684 	while ((sp = strsep(&src, ",")) != NULL) {
685 		if (*sp == '\0')
686 			usage();
687 
688 		if ((li = malloc(sizeof(*li))) == NULL) {
689 			err(STATUS_ERROR, "Cannot allocate %zu bytes",
690 			    sizeof(*li));
691 		}
692 
693 		SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(head, li, li_chain);
694 		empty = 0;
695 
696 		if (type != LT_CLASS)
697 			li->li_number = (uid_t)strtol(sp, &ep, 0);
698 
699 		if (type != LT_CLASS && *ep == '\0') {
700 			switch (type) {
701 			case LT_PGRP:
702 				if (li->li_number == 0)
703 					li->li_number = getpgrp();
704 				break;
705 			case LT_SID:
706 				if (li->li_number == 0)
707 					li->li_number = getsid(mypid);
708 				break;
709 			case LT_JAIL:
710 				if (li->li_number < 0)
711 					errx(STATUS_BADUSAGE,
712 					     "Negative jail ID `%s'", sp);
713 				/* For compatibility with old -j */
714 				if (li->li_number == 0)
715 					li->li_number = -1;	/* any jail */
716 				break;
717 			case LT_TTY:
718 				if (li->li_number < 0)
719 					errx(STATUS_BADUSAGE,
720 					     "Negative /dev/pts tty `%s'", sp);
721 				snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), _PATH_DEV "pts/%s",
722 				    sp);
723 				if (stat(buf, &st) != -1)
724 					goto foundtty;
725 				if (errno == ENOENT)
726 					errx(STATUS_BADUSAGE, "No such tty: `"
727 					    _PATH_DEV "pts/%s'", sp);
728 				err(STATUS_ERROR, "Cannot access `"
729 				    _PATH_DEV "pts/%s'", sp);
730 				break;
731 			default:
732 				break;
733 			}
734 			continue;
735 		}
736 
737 		switch (type) {
738 		case LT_USER:
739 			if ((pw = getpwnam(sp)) == NULL)
740 				errx(STATUS_BADUSAGE, "Unknown user `%s'", sp);
741 			li->li_number = pw->pw_uid;
742 			break;
743 		case LT_GROUP:
744 			if ((gr = getgrnam(sp)) == NULL)
745 				errx(STATUS_BADUSAGE, "Unknown group `%s'", sp);
746 			li->li_number = gr->gr_gid;
747 			break;
748 		case LT_TTY:
749 			if (strcmp(sp, "-") == 0) {
750 				li->li_number = -1;
751 				break;
752 			} else if (strcmp(sp, "co") == 0) {
753 				cp = "console";
754 			} else {
755 				cp = sp;
756 			}
757 
758 			snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), _PATH_DEV "%s", cp);
759 			if (stat(buf, &st) != -1)
760 				goto foundtty;
761 
762 			snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), _PATH_DEV "tty%s", cp);
763 			if (stat(buf, &st) != -1)
764 				goto foundtty;
765 
766 			if (errno == ENOENT)
767 				errx(STATUS_BADUSAGE, "No such tty: `%s'", sp);
768 			err(STATUS_ERROR, "Cannot access `%s'", sp);
769 
770 foundtty:		if ((st.st_mode & S_IFCHR) == 0)
771 				errx(STATUS_BADUSAGE, "Not a tty: `%s'", sp);
772 
773 			li->li_number = st.st_rdev;
774 			break;
775 		case LT_JAIL: {
776 			int jid;
777 
778 			if (strcmp(sp, "none") == 0)
779 				li->li_number = 0;
780 			else if (strcmp(sp, "any") == 0)
781 				li->li_number = -1;
782 			else if ((jid = jail_getid(sp)) != -1)
783 				li->li_number = jid;
784 			else if (*ep != '\0')
785 				errx(STATUS_BADUSAGE,
786 				     "Invalid jail ID or name `%s'", sp);
787 			break;
788 		}
789 		case LT_CLASS:
790 			li->li_number = -1;
791 			li->li_name = strdup(sp);
792 			if (li->li_name == NULL)
793 				err(STATUS_ERROR, "Cannot allocate memory");
794 			break;
795 		default:
796 			usage();
797 		}
798 	}
799 
800 	if (empty)
801 		usage();
802 }
803 
804 static int
805 takepid(const char *pidfile, int pidfilelock)
806 {
807 	char *endp, line[BUFSIZ];
808 	FILE *fh;
809 	long rval;
810 
811 	fh = fopen(pidfile, "r");
812 	if (fh == NULL)
813 		err(STATUS_ERROR, "Cannot open pidfile `%s'", pidfile);
814 
815 	if (pidfilelock) {
816 		/*
817 		 * If we can lock pidfile, this means that daemon is not
818 		 * running, so would be better not to kill some random process.
819 		 */
820 		if (flock(fileno(fh), LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB) == 0) {
821 			(void)fclose(fh);
822 			errx(STATUS_ERROR, "File '%s' can be locked", pidfile);
823 		} else {
824 			if (errno != EWOULDBLOCK) {
825 				errx(STATUS_ERROR,
826 				    "Error while locking file '%s'", pidfile);
827 			}
828 		}
829 	}
830 
831 	if (fgets(line, sizeof(line), fh) == NULL) {
832 		if (feof(fh)) {
833 			(void)fclose(fh);
834 			errx(STATUS_ERROR, "Pidfile `%s' is empty", pidfile);
835 		}
836 		(void)fclose(fh);
837 		err(STATUS_ERROR, "Cannot read from pid file `%s'", pidfile);
838 	}
839 	(void)fclose(fh);
840 
841 	rval = strtol(line, &endp, 10);
842 	if (*endp != '\0' && !isspace((unsigned char)*endp))
843 		errx(STATUS_ERROR, "Invalid pid in file `%s'", pidfile);
844 	else if (rval < MIN_PID || rval > MAX_PID)
845 		errx(STATUS_ERROR, "Invalid pid in file `%s'", pidfile);
846 	return (rval);
847 }
848