xref: /freebsd/bin/sh/expand.c (revision b0b1dbdd)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  * Copyright (c) 1997-2005
5  *	Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>.  All rights reserved.
6  * Copyright (c) 2010-2015
7  *	Jilles Tjoelker <jilles@stack.nl>.  All rights reserved.
8  *
9  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
10  * Kenneth Almquist.
11  *
12  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
13  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
14  * are met:
15  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
17  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
18  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
19  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
20  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
21  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
22  *    without specific prior written permission.
23  *
24  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
25  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
26  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
27  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
28  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
29  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
30  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
31  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
32  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
33  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
34  * SUCH DAMAGE.
35  */
36 
37 #ifndef lint
38 #if 0
39 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)expand.c	8.5 (Berkeley) 5/15/95";
40 #endif
41 #endif /* not lint */
42 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
43 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
44 
45 #include <sys/types.h>
46 #include <sys/time.h>
47 #include <sys/stat.h>
48 #include <dirent.h>
49 #include <errno.h>
50 #include <inttypes.h>
51 #include <limits.h>
52 #include <pwd.h>
53 #include <stdio.h>
54 #include <stdlib.h>
55 #include <string.h>
56 #include <unistd.h>
57 #include <wchar.h>
58 #include <wctype.h>
59 
60 /*
61  * Routines to expand arguments to commands.  We have to deal with
62  * backquotes, shell variables, and file metacharacters.
63  */
64 
65 #include "shell.h"
66 #include "main.h"
67 #include "nodes.h"
68 #include "eval.h"
69 #include "expand.h"
70 #include "syntax.h"
71 #include "parser.h"
72 #include "jobs.h"
73 #include "options.h"
74 #include "var.h"
75 #include "input.h"
76 #include "output.h"
77 #include "memalloc.h"
78 #include "error.h"
79 #include "mystring.h"
80 #include "arith.h"
81 #include "show.h"
82 #include "builtins.h"
83 
84 enum wordstate { WORD_IDLE, WORD_WS_DELIMITED, WORD_QUOTEMARK };
85 
86 struct worddest {
87 	struct arglist *list;
88 	enum wordstate state;
89 };
90 
91 static char *expdest;			/* output of current string */
92 static struct nodelist *argbackq;	/* list of back quote expressions */
93 
94 static const char *argstr(const char *, int, struct worddest *);
95 static const char *exptilde(const char *, int);
96 static const char *expari(const char *, int, struct worddest *);
97 static void expbackq(union node *, int, int, struct worddest *);
98 static void subevalvar_trim(const char *, int, int, int);
99 static int subevalvar_misc(const char *, const char *, int, int, int);
100 static const char *evalvar(const char *, int, struct worddest *);
101 static int varisset(const char *, int);
102 static void strtodest(const char *, int, int, int, struct worddest *);
103 static void reprocess(int, int, int, int, struct worddest *);
104 static void varvalue(const char *, int, int, int, struct worddest *);
105 static void expandmeta(char *, struct arglist *);
106 static void expmeta(char *, char *, struct arglist *);
107 static int expsortcmp(const void *, const void *);
108 static int patmatch(const char *, const char *);
109 static void cvtnum(int, char *);
110 static int collate_range_cmp(wchar_t, wchar_t);
111 
112 void
113 emptyarglist(struct arglist *list)
114 {
115 
116 	list->args = list->smallarg;
117 	list->count = 0;
118 	list->capacity = sizeof(list->smallarg) / sizeof(list->smallarg[0]);
119 }
120 
121 void
122 appendarglist(struct arglist *list, char *str)
123 {
124 	char **newargs;
125 	int newcapacity;
126 
127 	if (list->count >= list->capacity) {
128 		newcapacity = list->capacity * 2;
129 		if (newcapacity < 16)
130 			newcapacity = 16;
131 		if (newcapacity > INT_MAX / (int)sizeof(newargs[0]))
132 			error("Too many entries in arglist");
133 		newargs = stalloc(newcapacity * sizeof(newargs[0]));
134 		memcpy(newargs, list->args, list->count * sizeof(newargs[0]));
135 		list->args = newargs;
136 		list->capacity = newcapacity;
137 	}
138 	list->args[list->count++] = str;
139 }
140 
141 static int
142 collate_range_cmp(wchar_t c1, wchar_t c2)
143 {
144 	static wchar_t s1[2], s2[2];
145 
146 	s1[0] = c1;
147 	s2[0] = c2;
148 	return (wcscoll(s1, s2));
149 }
150 
151 static char *
152 stputs_quotes(const char *data, const char *syntax, char *p)
153 {
154 	while (*data) {
155 		CHECKSTRSPACE(2, p);
156 		if (syntax[(int)*data] == CCTL)
157 			USTPUTC(CTLESC, p);
158 		USTPUTC(*data++, p);
159 	}
160 	return (p);
161 }
162 #define STPUTS_QUOTES(data, syntax, p) p = stputs_quotes((data), syntax, p)
163 
164 static char *
165 nextword(char c, int flag, char *p, struct worddest *dst)
166 {
167 	int is_ws;
168 
169 	is_ws = c == '\t' || c == '\n' || c == ' ';
170 	if (p != stackblock() || (is_ws ? dst->state == WORD_QUOTEMARK :
171 	    dst->state != WORD_WS_DELIMITED) || c == '\0') {
172 		STPUTC('\0', p);
173 		if (flag & EXP_GLOB)
174 			expandmeta(grabstackstr(p), dst->list);
175 		else
176 			appendarglist(dst->list, grabstackstr(p));
177 		dst->state = is_ws ? WORD_WS_DELIMITED : WORD_IDLE;
178 	} else if (!is_ws && dst->state == WORD_WS_DELIMITED)
179 		dst->state = WORD_IDLE;
180 	/* Reserve space while the stack string is empty. */
181 	appendarglist(dst->list, NULL);
182 	dst->list->count--;
183 	STARTSTACKSTR(p);
184 	return p;
185 }
186 #define NEXTWORD(c, flag, p, dstlist) p = nextword(c, flag, p, dstlist)
187 
188 static char *
189 stputs_split(const char *data, const char *syntax, int flag, char *p,
190     struct worddest *dst)
191 {
192 	const char *ifs;
193 	char c;
194 
195 	ifs = ifsset() ? ifsval() : " \t\n";
196 	while (*data) {
197 		CHECKSTRSPACE(2, p);
198 		c = *data++;
199 		if (strchr(ifs, c) != NULL) {
200 			NEXTWORD(c, flag, p, dst);
201 			continue;
202 		}
203 		if (flag & EXP_GLOB && syntax[(int)c] == CCTL)
204 			USTPUTC(CTLESC, p);
205 		USTPUTC(c, p);
206 	}
207 	return (p);
208 }
209 #define STPUTS_SPLIT(data, syntax, flag, p, dst) p = stputs_split((data), syntax, flag, p, dst)
210 
211 /*
212  * Perform expansions on an argument, placing the resulting list of arguments
213  * in arglist.  Parameter expansion, command substitution and arithmetic
214  * expansion are always performed; additional expansions can be requested
215  * via flag (EXP_*).
216  * The result is left in the stack string.
217  * When arglist is NULL, perform here document expansion.
218  *
219  * Caution: this function uses global state and is not reentrant.
220  * However, a new invocation after an interrupted invocation is safe
221  * and will reset the global state for the new call.
222  */
223 void
224 expandarg(union node *arg, struct arglist *arglist, int flag)
225 {
226 	struct worddest exparg;
227 
228 	if (fflag)
229 		flag &= ~EXP_GLOB;
230 	argbackq = arg->narg.backquote;
231 	exparg.list = arglist;
232 	exparg.state = WORD_IDLE;
233 	STARTSTACKSTR(expdest);
234 	argstr(arg->narg.text, flag, &exparg);
235 	if (arglist == NULL) {
236 		STACKSTRNUL(expdest);
237 		return;			/* here document expanded */
238 	}
239 	if ((flag & EXP_SPLIT) == 0 || expdest != stackblock() ||
240 	    exparg.state == WORD_QUOTEMARK) {
241 		STPUTC('\0', expdest);
242 		if (flag & EXP_SPLIT) {
243 			if (flag & EXP_GLOB)
244 				expandmeta(grabstackstr(expdest), exparg.list);
245 			else
246 				appendarglist(exparg.list, grabstackstr(expdest));
247 		}
248 	}
249 	if ((flag & EXP_SPLIT) == 0)
250 		appendarglist(arglist, grabstackstr(expdest));
251 }
252 
253 
254 
255 /*
256  * Perform parameter expansion, command substitution and arithmetic
257  * expansion, and tilde expansion if requested via EXP_TILDE/EXP_VARTILDE.
258  * Processing ends at a CTLENDVAR or CTLENDARI character as well as '\0'.
259  * This is used to expand word in ${var+word} etc.
260  * If EXP_GLOB or EXP_CASE are set, keep and/or generate CTLESC
261  * characters to allow for further processing.
262  *
263  * If EXP_SPLIT is set, dst receives any complete words produced.
264  */
265 static const char *
266 argstr(const char *p, int flag, struct worddest *dst)
267 {
268 	char c;
269 	int quotes = flag & (EXP_GLOB | EXP_CASE);	/* do CTLESC */
270 	int firsteq = 1;
271 	int split_lit;
272 	int lit_quoted;
273 
274 	split_lit = flag & EXP_SPLIT_LIT;
275 	lit_quoted = flag & EXP_LIT_QUOTED;
276 	flag &= ~(EXP_SPLIT_LIT | EXP_LIT_QUOTED);
277 	if (*p == '~' && (flag & (EXP_TILDE | EXP_VARTILDE)))
278 		p = exptilde(p, flag);
279 	for (;;) {
280 		CHECKSTRSPACE(2, expdest);
281 		switch (c = *p++) {
282 		case '\0':
283 			return (p - 1);
284 		case CTLENDVAR:
285 		case CTLENDARI:
286 			return (p);
287 		case CTLQUOTEMARK:
288 			lit_quoted = 1;
289 			/* "$@" syntax adherence hack */
290 			if (p[0] == CTLVAR && (p[1] & VSQUOTE) != 0 &&
291 			    p[2] == '@' && p[3] == '=')
292 				break;
293 			if ((flag & EXP_SPLIT) != 0 && expdest == stackblock())
294 				dst->state = WORD_QUOTEMARK;
295 			break;
296 		case CTLQUOTEEND:
297 			lit_quoted = 0;
298 			break;
299 		case CTLESC:
300 			c = *p++;
301 			if (split_lit && !lit_quoted &&
302 			    strchr(ifsset() ? ifsval() : " \t\n", c) != NULL) {
303 				NEXTWORD(c, flag, expdest, dst);
304 				break;
305 			}
306 			if (quotes)
307 				USTPUTC(CTLESC, expdest);
308 			USTPUTC(c, expdest);
309 			break;
310 		case CTLVAR:
311 			p = evalvar(p, flag, dst);
312 			break;
313 		case CTLBACKQ:
314 		case CTLBACKQ|CTLQUOTE:
315 			expbackq(argbackq->n, c & CTLQUOTE, flag, dst);
316 			argbackq = argbackq->next;
317 			break;
318 		case CTLARI:
319 			p = expari(p, flag, dst);
320 			break;
321 		case ':':
322 		case '=':
323 			/*
324 			 * sort of a hack - expand tildes in variable
325 			 * assignments (after the first '=' and after ':'s).
326 			 */
327 			if (split_lit && !lit_quoted &&
328 			    strchr(ifsset() ? ifsval() : " \t\n", c) != NULL) {
329 				NEXTWORD(c, flag, expdest, dst);
330 				break;
331 			}
332 			USTPUTC(c, expdest);
333 			if (flag & EXP_VARTILDE && *p == '~' &&
334 			    (c != '=' || firsteq)) {
335 				if (c == '=')
336 					firsteq = 0;
337 				p = exptilde(p, flag);
338 			}
339 			break;
340 		default:
341 			if (split_lit && !lit_quoted &&
342 			    strchr(ifsset() ? ifsval() : " \t\n", c) != NULL) {
343 				NEXTWORD(c, flag, expdest, dst);
344 				break;
345 			}
346 			USTPUTC(c, expdest);
347 		}
348 	}
349 }
350 
351 /*
352  * Perform tilde expansion, placing the result in the stack string and
353  * returning the next position in the input string to process.
354  */
355 static const char *
356 exptilde(const char *p, int flag)
357 {
358 	char c;
359 	const char *startp = p;
360 	const char *user;
361 	struct passwd *pw;
362 	char *home;
363 	int len;
364 
365 	for (;;) {
366 		c = *p;
367 		switch(c) {
368 		case CTLESC: /* This means CTL* are always considered quoted. */
369 		case CTLVAR:
370 		case CTLBACKQ:
371 		case CTLBACKQ | CTLQUOTE:
372 		case CTLARI:
373 		case CTLENDARI:
374 		case CTLQUOTEMARK:
375 			return (startp);
376 		case ':':
377 			if ((flag & EXP_VARTILDE) == 0)
378 				break;
379 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
380 		case '\0':
381 		case '/':
382 		case CTLENDVAR:
383 			len = p - startp - 1;
384 			STPUTBIN(startp + 1, len, expdest);
385 			STACKSTRNUL(expdest);
386 			user = expdest - len;
387 			if (*user == '\0') {
388 				home = lookupvar("HOME");
389 			} else {
390 				pw = getpwnam(user);
391 				home = pw != NULL ? pw->pw_dir : NULL;
392 			}
393 			STADJUST(-len, expdest);
394 			if (home == NULL || *home == '\0')
395 				return (startp);
396 			strtodest(home, flag, VSNORMAL, 1, NULL);
397 			return (p);
398 		}
399 		p++;
400 	}
401 }
402 
403 
404 /*
405  * Expand arithmetic expression.
406  */
407 static const char *
408 expari(const char *p, int flag, struct worddest *dst)
409 {
410 	char *q, *start;
411 	arith_t result;
412 	int begoff;
413 	int quoted;
414 	int adj;
415 
416 	quoted = *p++ == '"';
417 	begoff = expdest - stackblock();
418 	p = argstr(p, 0, NULL);
419 	STPUTC('\0', expdest);
420 	start = stackblock() + begoff;
421 
422 	q = grabstackstr(expdest);
423 	result = arith(start);
424 	ungrabstackstr(q, expdest);
425 
426 	start = stackblock() + begoff;
427 	adj = start - expdest;
428 	STADJUST(adj, expdest);
429 
430 	CHECKSTRSPACE((int)(DIGITS(result) + 1), expdest);
431 	fmtstr(expdest, DIGITS(result), ARITH_FORMAT_STR, result);
432 	adj = strlen(expdest);
433 	STADJUST(adj, expdest);
434 	if (!quoted)
435 		reprocess(expdest - adj - stackblock(), flag, VSNORMAL, 0, dst);
436 	return p;
437 }
438 
439 
440 /*
441  * Perform command substitution.
442  */
443 static void
444 expbackq(union node *cmd, int quoted, int flag, struct worddest *dst)
445 {
446 	struct backcmd in;
447 	int i;
448 	char buf[128];
449 	char *p;
450 	char *dest = expdest;
451 	struct nodelist *saveargbackq;
452 	char lastc;
453 	char const *syntax = quoted? DQSYNTAX : BASESYNTAX;
454 	int quotes = flag & (EXP_GLOB | EXP_CASE);
455 	size_t nnl;
456 	const char *ifs;
457 
458 	INTOFF;
459 	saveargbackq = argbackq;
460 	p = grabstackstr(dest);
461 	evalbackcmd(cmd, &in);
462 	ungrabstackstr(p, dest);
463 
464 	p = in.buf;
465 	nnl = 0;
466 	if (!quoted && flag & EXP_SPLIT)
467 		ifs = ifsset() ? ifsval() : " \t\n";
468 	else
469 		ifs = "";
470 	/* Don't copy trailing newlines */
471 	for (;;) {
472 		if (--in.nleft < 0) {
473 			if (in.fd < 0)
474 				break;
475 			while ((i = read(in.fd, buf, sizeof buf)) < 0 && errno == EINTR)
476 				;
477 			TRACE(("expbackq: read returns %d\n", i));
478 			if (i <= 0)
479 				break;
480 			p = buf;
481 			in.nleft = i - 1;
482 		}
483 		lastc = *p++;
484 		if (lastc == '\0')
485 			continue;
486 		if (lastc == '\n') {
487 			nnl++;
488 		} else {
489 			if (nnl > 0) {
490 				if (strchr(ifs, '\n') != NULL) {
491 					NEXTWORD('\n', flag, dest, dst);
492 					nnl = 0;
493 				} else {
494 					CHECKSTRSPACE(nnl + 2, dest);
495 					while (nnl > 0) {
496 						nnl--;
497 						USTPUTC('\n', dest);
498 					}
499 				}
500 			}
501 			if (strchr(ifs, lastc) != NULL)
502 				NEXTWORD(lastc, flag, dest, dst);
503 			else {
504 				CHECKSTRSPACE(2, dest);
505 				if (quotes && syntax[(int)lastc] == CCTL)
506 					USTPUTC(CTLESC, dest);
507 				USTPUTC(lastc, dest);
508 			}
509 		}
510 	}
511 
512 	if (in.fd >= 0)
513 		close(in.fd);
514 	if (in.buf)
515 		ckfree(in.buf);
516 	if (in.jp) {
517 		p = grabstackstr(dest);
518 		exitstatus = waitforjob(in.jp, (int *)NULL);
519 		ungrabstackstr(p, dest);
520 	}
521 	TRACE(("expbackq: size=%td: \"%.*s\"\n",
522 		((dest - stackblock()) - startloc),
523 		(int)((dest - stackblock()) - startloc),
524 		stackblock() + startloc));
525 	argbackq = saveargbackq;
526 	expdest = dest;
527 	INTON;
528 }
529 
530 
531 
532 static void
533 recordleft(const char *str, const char *loc, char *startp)
534 {
535 	int amount;
536 
537 	amount = ((str - 1) - (loc - startp)) - expdest;
538 	STADJUST(amount, expdest);
539 	while (loc != str - 1)
540 		*startp++ = *loc++;
541 }
542 
543 static void
544 subevalvar_trim(const char *p, int strloc, int subtype, int startloc)
545 {
546 	char *startp;
547 	char *loc = NULL;
548 	char *str;
549 	int c = 0;
550 	struct nodelist *saveargbackq = argbackq;
551 	int amount;
552 
553 	argstr(p, EXP_CASE | EXP_TILDE, NULL);
554 	STACKSTRNUL(expdest);
555 	argbackq = saveargbackq;
556 	startp = stackblock() + startloc;
557 	str = stackblock() + strloc;
558 
559 	switch (subtype) {
560 	case VSTRIMLEFT:
561 		for (loc = startp; loc < str; loc++) {
562 			c = *loc;
563 			*loc = '\0';
564 			if (patmatch(str, startp)) {
565 				*loc = c;
566 				recordleft(str, loc, startp);
567 				return;
568 			}
569 			*loc = c;
570 		}
571 		break;
572 
573 	case VSTRIMLEFTMAX:
574 		for (loc = str - 1; loc >= startp;) {
575 			c = *loc;
576 			*loc = '\0';
577 			if (patmatch(str, startp)) {
578 				*loc = c;
579 				recordleft(str, loc, startp);
580 				return;
581 			}
582 			*loc = c;
583 			loc--;
584 		}
585 		break;
586 
587 	case VSTRIMRIGHT:
588 		for (loc = str - 1; loc >= startp;) {
589 			if (patmatch(str, loc)) {
590 				amount = loc - expdest;
591 				STADJUST(amount, expdest);
592 				return;
593 			}
594 			loc--;
595 		}
596 		break;
597 
598 	case VSTRIMRIGHTMAX:
599 		for (loc = startp; loc < str - 1; loc++) {
600 			if (patmatch(str, loc)) {
601 				amount = loc - expdest;
602 				STADJUST(amount, expdest);
603 				return;
604 			}
605 		}
606 		break;
607 
608 
609 	default:
610 		abort();
611 	}
612 	amount = (expdest - stackblock() - strloc) + 1;
613 	STADJUST(-amount, expdest);
614 }
615 
616 
617 static int
618 subevalvar_misc(const char *p, const char *var, int subtype, int startloc,
619   int varflags)
620 {
621 	char *startp;
622 	struct nodelist *saveargbackq = argbackq;
623 	int amount;
624 
625 	argstr(p, EXP_TILDE, NULL);
626 	STACKSTRNUL(expdest);
627 	argbackq = saveargbackq;
628 	startp = stackblock() + startloc;
629 
630 	switch (subtype) {
631 	case VSASSIGN:
632 		setvar(var, startp, 0);
633 		amount = startp - expdest;
634 		STADJUST(amount, expdest);
635 		return 1;
636 
637 	case VSQUESTION:
638 		if (*p != CTLENDVAR) {
639 			outfmt(out2, "%s\n", startp);
640 			error((char *)NULL);
641 		}
642 		error("%.*s: parameter %snot set", (int)(p - var - 1),
643 		      var, (varflags & VSNUL) ? "null or " : "");
644 		return 0;
645 
646 	default:
647 		abort();
648 	}
649 }
650 
651 
652 /*
653  * Expand a variable, and return a pointer to the next character in the
654  * input string.
655  */
656 
657 static const char *
658 evalvar(const char *p, int flag, struct worddest *dst)
659 {
660 	int subtype;
661 	int varflags;
662 	const char *var;
663 	const char *val;
664 	int patloc;
665 	int c;
666 	int set;
667 	int special;
668 	int startloc;
669 	int varlen;
670 	int varlenb;
671 	char buf[21];
672 
673 	varflags = (unsigned char)*p++;
674 	subtype = varflags & VSTYPE;
675 	var = p;
676 	special = 0;
677 	if (! is_name(*p))
678 		special = 1;
679 	p = strchr(p, '=') + 1;
680 again: /* jump here after setting a variable with ${var=text} */
681 	if (varflags & VSLINENO) {
682 		set = 1;
683 		special = 1;
684 		val = NULL;
685 	} else if (special) {
686 		set = varisset(var, varflags & VSNUL);
687 		val = NULL;
688 	} else {
689 		val = bltinlookup(var, 1);
690 		if (val == NULL || ((varflags & VSNUL) && val[0] == '\0')) {
691 			val = NULL;
692 			set = 0;
693 		} else
694 			set = 1;
695 	}
696 	varlen = 0;
697 	startloc = expdest - stackblock();
698 	if (!set && uflag && *var != '@' && *var != '*') {
699 		switch (subtype) {
700 		case VSNORMAL:
701 		case VSTRIMLEFT:
702 		case VSTRIMLEFTMAX:
703 		case VSTRIMRIGHT:
704 		case VSTRIMRIGHTMAX:
705 		case VSLENGTH:
706 			error("%.*s: parameter not set", (int)(p - var - 1),
707 			    var);
708 		}
709 	}
710 	if (set && subtype != VSPLUS) {
711 		/* insert the value of the variable */
712 		if (special) {
713 			if (varflags & VSLINENO) {
714 				if (p - var > (ptrdiff_t)sizeof(buf))
715 					abort();
716 				memcpy(buf, var, p - var - 1);
717 				buf[p - var - 1] = '\0';
718 				strtodest(buf, flag, subtype,
719 				    varflags & VSQUOTE, dst);
720 			} else
721 				varvalue(var, varflags & VSQUOTE, subtype, flag,
722 				    dst);
723 			if (subtype == VSLENGTH) {
724 				varlenb = expdest - stackblock() - startloc;
725 				varlen = varlenb;
726 				if (localeisutf8) {
727 					val = stackblock() + startloc;
728 					for (;val != expdest; val++)
729 						if ((*val & 0xC0) == 0x80)
730 							varlen--;
731 				}
732 				STADJUST(-varlenb, expdest);
733 			}
734 		} else {
735 			if (subtype == VSLENGTH) {
736 				for (;*val; val++)
737 					if (!localeisutf8 ||
738 					    (*val & 0xC0) != 0x80)
739 						varlen++;
740 			}
741 			else
742 				strtodest(val, flag, subtype,
743 				    varflags & VSQUOTE, dst);
744 		}
745 	}
746 
747 	if (subtype == VSPLUS)
748 		set = ! set;
749 
750 	switch (subtype) {
751 	case VSLENGTH:
752 		cvtnum(varlen, buf);
753 		strtodest(buf, flag, VSNORMAL, varflags & VSQUOTE, dst);
754 		break;
755 
756 	case VSNORMAL:
757 		break;
758 
759 	case VSPLUS:
760 	case VSMINUS:
761 		if (!set) {
762 			argstr(p, flag | (flag & EXP_SPLIT ? EXP_SPLIT_LIT : 0) |
763 			    (varflags & VSQUOTE ? EXP_LIT_QUOTED : 0), dst);
764 			break;
765 		}
766 		break;
767 
768 	case VSTRIMLEFT:
769 	case VSTRIMLEFTMAX:
770 	case VSTRIMRIGHT:
771 	case VSTRIMRIGHTMAX:
772 		if (!set) {
773 			set = 1;
774 			break;
775 		}
776 		/*
777 		 * Terminate the string and start recording the pattern
778 		 * right after it
779 		 */
780 		STPUTC('\0', expdest);
781 		patloc = expdest - stackblock();
782 		subevalvar_trim(p, patloc, subtype, startloc);
783 		reprocess(startloc, flag, VSNORMAL, varflags & VSQUOTE, dst);
784 		if (flag & EXP_SPLIT && *var == '@' && varflags & VSQUOTE)
785 			dst->state = WORD_QUOTEMARK;
786 		break;
787 
788 	case VSASSIGN:
789 	case VSQUESTION:
790 		if (!set) {
791 			if (subevalvar_misc(p, var, subtype, startloc,
792 			    varflags)) {
793 				varflags &= ~VSNUL;
794 				goto again;
795 			}
796 			break;
797 		}
798 		break;
799 
800 	case VSERROR:
801 		c = p - var - 1;
802 		error("${%.*s%s}: Bad substitution", c, var,
803 		    (c > 0 && *p != CTLENDVAR) ? "..." : "");
804 
805 	default:
806 		abort();
807 	}
808 
809 	if (subtype != VSNORMAL) {	/* skip to end of alternative */
810 		int nesting = 1;
811 		for (;;) {
812 			if ((c = *p++) == CTLESC)
813 				p++;
814 			else if (c == CTLBACKQ || c == (CTLBACKQ|CTLQUOTE)) {
815 				if (set)
816 					argbackq = argbackq->next;
817 			} else if (c == CTLVAR) {
818 				if ((*p++ & VSTYPE) != VSNORMAL)
819 					nesting++;
820 			} else if (c == CTLENDVAR) {
821 				if (--nesting == 0)
822 					break;
823 			}
824 		}
825 	}
826 	return p;
827 }
828 
829 
830 
831 /*
832  * Test whether a specialized variable is set.
833  */
834 
835 static int
836 varisset(const char *name, int nulok)
837 {
838 
839 	if (*name == '!')
840 		return backgndpidset();
841 	else if (*name == '@' || *name == '*') {
842 		if (*shellparam.p == NULL)
843 			return 0;
844 
845 		if (nulok) {
846 			char **av;
847 
848 			for (av = shellparam.p; *av; av++)
849 				if (**av != '\0')
850 					return 1;
851 			return 0;
852 		}
853 	} else if (is_digit(*name)) {
854 		char *ap;
855 		long num;
856 
857 		errno = 0;
858 		num = strtol(name, NULL, 10);
859 		if (errno != 0 || num > shellparam.nparam)
860 			return 0;
861 
862 		if (num == 0)
863 			ap = arg0;
864 		else
865 			ap = shellparam.p[num - 1];
866 
867 		if (nulok && (ap == NULL || *ap == '\0'))
868 			return 0;
869 	}
870 	return 1;
871 }
872 
873 static void
874 strtodest(const char *p, int flag, int subtype, int quoted,
875     struct worddest *dst)
876 {
877 	if (subtype == VSLENGTH || subtype == VSTRIMLEFT ||
878 	    subtype == VSTRIMLEFTMAX || subtype == VSTRIMRIGHT ||
879 	    subtype == VSTRIMRIGHTMAX)
880 		STPUTS(p, expdest);
881 	else if (flag & EXP_SPLIT && !quoted && dst != NULL)
882 		STPUTS_SPLIT(p, BASESYNTAX, flag, expdest, dst);
883 	else if (flag & (EXP_GLOB | EXP_CASE))
884 		STPUTS_QUOTES(p, quoted ? DQSYNTAX : BASESYNTAX, expdest);
885 	else
886 		STPUTS(p, expdest);
887 }
888 
889 static void
890 reprocess(int startloc, int flag, int subtype, int quoted,
891     struct worddest *dst)
892 {
893 	static char *buf = NULL;
894 	static size_t buflen = 0;
895 	char *startp;
896 	size_t len, zpos, zlen;
897 
898 	startp = stackblock() + startloc;
899 	len = expdest - startp;
900 	if (len >= SIZE_MAX / 2)
901 		abort();
902 	INTOFF;
903 	if (len >= buflen) {
904 		ckfree(buf);
905 		buf = NULL;
906 	}
907 	if (buflen < 128)
908 		buflen = 128;
909 	while (len >= buflen)
910 		buflen <<= 1;
911 	if (buf == NULL)
912 		buf = ckmalloc(buflen);
913 	INTON;
914 	memcpy(buf, startp, len);
915 	buf[len] = '\0';
916 	STADJUST(-len, expdest);
917 	for (zpos = 0;;) {
918 		zlen = strlen(buf + zpos);
919 		strtodest(buf + zpos, flag, subtype, quoted, dst);
920 		zpos += zlen + 1;
921 		if (zpos == len + 1)
922 			break;
923 		if (flag & EXP_SPLIT && (quoted || (zlen > 0 && zpos < len)))
924 			NEXTWORD('\0', flag, expdest, dst);
925 	}
926 }
927 
928 /*
929  * Add the value of a specialized variable to the stack string.
930  */
931 
932 static void
933 varvalue(const char *name, int quoted, int subtype, int flag,
934     struct worddest *dst)
935 {
936 	int num;
937 	char *p;
938 	int i;
939 	int splitlater;
940 	char sep[2];
941 	char **ap;
942 	char buf[(NSHORTOPTS > 10 ? NSHORTOPTS : 10) + 1];
943 
944 	if (subtype == VSLENGTH)
945 		flag &= ~EXP_FULL;
946 	splitlater = subtype == VSTRIMLEFT || subtype == VSTRIMLEFTMAX ||
947 		subtype == VSTRIMRIGHT || subtype == VSTRIMRIGHTMAX;
948 
949 	switch (*name) {
950 	case '$':
951 		num = rootpid;
952 		break;
953 	case '?':
954 		num = oexitstatus;
955 		break;
956 	case '#':
957 		num = shellparam.nparam;
958 		break;
959 	case '!':
960 		num = backgndpidval();
961 		break;
962 	case '-':
963 		p = buf;
964 		for (i = 0 ; i < NSHORTOPTS ; i++) {
965 			if (optval[i])
966 				*p++ = optletter[i];
967 		}
968 		*p = '\0';
969 		strtodest(buf, flag, subtype, quoted, dst);
970 		return;
971 	case '@':
972 		if (flag & EXP_SPLIT && quoted) {
973 			for (ap = shellparam.p ; (p = *ap++) != NULL ; ) {
974 				strtodest(p, flag, subtype, quoted, dst);
975 				if (*ap) {
976 					if (splitlater)
977 						STPUTC('\0', expdest);
978 					else
979 						NEXTWORD('\0', flag, expdest,
980 						    dst);
981 				}
982 			}
983 			if (shellparam.nparam > 0)
984 				dst->state = WORD_QUOTEMARK;
985 			return;
986 		}
987 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
988 	case '*':
989 		if (ifsset())
990 			sep[0] = ifsval()[0];
991 		else
992 			sep[0] = ' ';
993 		sep[1] = '\0';
994 		for (ap = shellparam.p ; (p = *ap++) != NULL ; ) {
995 			strtodest(p, flag, subtype, quoted, dst);
996 			if (!*ap)
997 				break;
998 			if (sep[0])
999 				strtodest(sep, flag, subtype, quoted, dst);
1000 			else if (flag & EXP_SPLIT && !quoted && **ap != '\0') {
1001 				if (splitlater)
1002 					STPUTC('\0', expdest);
1003 				else
1004 					NEXTWORD('\0', flag, expdest, dst);
1005 			}
1006 		}
1007 		return;
1008 	default:
1009 		if (is_digit(*name)) {
1010 			num = atoi(name);
1011 			if (num == 0)
1012 				p = arg0;
1013 			else if (num > 0 && num <= shellparam.nparam)
1014 				p = shellparam.p[num - 1];
1015 			else
1016 				return;
1017 			strtodest(p, flag, subtype, quoted, dst);
1018 		}
1019 		return;
1020 	}
1021 	cvtnum(num, buf);
1022 	strtodest(buf, flag, subtype, quoted, dst);
1023 }
1024 
1025 
1026 
1027 static char expdir[PATH_MAX];
1028 #define expdir_end (expdir + sizeof(expdir))
1029 
1030 /*
1031  * Perform pathname generation and remove control characters.
1032  * At this point, the only control characters should be CTLESC.
1033  * The results are stored in the list dstlist.
1034  */
1035 static void
1036 expandmeta(char *pattern, struct arglist *dstlist)
1037 {
1038 	char *p;
1039 	int firstmatch;
1040 	char c;
1041 
1042 	firstmatch = dstlist->count;
1043 	p = pattern;
1044 	for (; (c = *p) != '\0'; p++) {
1045 		/* fast check for meta chars */
1046 		if (c == '*' || c == '?' || c == '[') {
1047 			INTOFF;
1048 			expmeta(expdir, pattern, dstlist);
1049 			INTON;
1050 			break;
1051 		}
1052 	}
1053 	if (dstlist->count == firstmatch) {
1054 		/*
1055 		 * no matches
1056 		 */
1057 		rmescapes(pattern);
1058 		appendarglist(dstlist, pattern);
1059 	} else {
1060 		qsort(&dstlist->args[firstmatch],
1061 		    dstlist->count - firstmatch,
1062 		    sizeof(dstlist->args[0]), expsortcmp);
1063 	}
1064 }
1065 
1066 
1067 /*
1068  * Do metacharacter (i.e. *, ?, [...]) expansion.
1069  */
1070 
1071 static void
1072 expmeta(char *enddir, char *name, struct arglist *arglist)
1073 {
1074 	const char *p;
1075 	const char *q;
1076 	const char *start;
1077 	char *endname;
1078 	int metaflag;
1079 	struct stat statb;
1080 	DIR *dirp;
1081 	struct dirent *dp;
1082 	int atend;
1083 	int matchdot;
1084 	int esc;
1085 	int namlen;
1086 
1087 	metaflag = 0;
1088 	start = name;
1089 	for (p = name; esc = 0, *p; p += esc + 1) {
1090 		if (*p == '*' || *p == '?')
1091 			metaflag = 1;
1092 		else if (*p == '[') {
1093 			q = p + 1;
1094 			if (*q == '!' || *q == '^')
1095 				q++;
1096 			for (;;) {
1097 				if (*q == CTLESC)
1098 					q++;
1099 				if (*q == '/' || *q == '\0')
1100 					break;
1101 				if (*++q == ']') {
1102 					metaflag = 1;
1103 					break;
1104 				}
1105 			}
1106 		} else if (*p == '\0')
1107 			break;
1108 		else {
1109 			if (*p == CTLESC)
1110 				esc++;
1111 			if (p[esc] == '/') {
1112 				if (metaflag)
1113 					break;
1114 				start = p + esc + 1;
1115 			}
1116 		}
1117 	}
1118 	if (metaflag == 0) {	/* we've reached the end of the file name */
1119 		if (enddir != expdir)
1120 			metaflag++;
1121 		for (p = name ; ; p++) {
1122 			if (*p == CTLESC)
1123 				p++;
1124 			*enddir++ = *p;
1125 			if (*p == '\0')
1126 				break;
1127 			if (enddir == expdir_end)
1128 				return;
1129 		}
1130 		if (metaflag == 0 || lstat(expdir, &statb) >= 0)
1131 			appendarglist(arglist, stsavestr(expdir));
1132 		return;
1133 	}
1134 	endname = name + (p - name);
1135 	if (start != name) {
1136 		p = name;
1137 		while (p < start) {
1138 			if (*p == CTLESC)
1139 				p++;
1140 			*enddir++ = *p++;
1141 			if (enddir == expdir_end)
1142 				return;
1143 		}
1144 	}
1145 	if (enddir == expdir) {
1146 		p = ".";
1147 	} else if (enddir == expdir + 1 && *expdir == '/') {
1148 		p = "/";
1149 	} else {
1150 		p = expdir;
1151 		enddir[-1] = '\0';
1152 	}
1153 	if ((dirp = opendir(p)) == NULL)
1154 		return;
1155 	if (enddir != expdir)
1156 		enddir[-1] = '/';
1157 	if (*endname == 0) {
1158 		atend = 1;
1159 	} else {
1160 		atend = 0;
1161 		*endname = '\0';
1162 		endname += esc + 1;
1163 	}
1164 	matchdot = 0;
1165 	p = start;
1166 	if (*p == CTLESC)
1167 		p++;
1168 	if (*p == '.')
1169 		matchdot++;
1170 	while (! int_pending() && (dp = readdir(dirp)) != NULL) {
1171 		if (dp->d_name[0] == '.' && ! matchdot)
1172 			continue;
1173 		if (patmatch(start, dp->d_name)) {
1174 			namlen = dp->d_namlen;
1175 			if (enddir + namlen + 1 > expdir_end)
1176 				continue;
1177 			memcpy(enddir, dp->d_name, namlen + 1);
1178 			if (atend)
1179 				appendarglist(arglist, stsavestr(expdir));
1180 			else {
1181 				if (dp->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN &&
1182 				    dp->d_type != DT_DIR &&
1183 				    dp->d_type != DT_LNK)
1184 					continue;
1185 				if (enddir + namlen + 2 > expdir_end)
1186 					continue;
1187 				enddir[namlen] = '/';
1188 				enddir[namlen + 1] = '\0';
1189 				expmeta(enddir + namlen + 1, endname, arglist);
1190 			}
1191 		}
1192 	}
1193 	closedir(dirp);
1194 	if (! atend)
1195 		endname[-esc - 1] = esc ? CTLESC : '/';
1196 }
1197 
1198 
1199 static int
1200 expsortcmp(const void *p1, const void *p2)
1201 {
1202 	const char *s1 = *(const char * const *)p1;
1203 	const char *s2 = *(const char * const *)p2;
1204 
1205 	return (strcoll(s1, s2));
1206 }
1207 
1208 
1209 
1210 static wchar_t
1211 get_wc(const char **p)
1212 {
1213 	wchar_t c;
1214 	int chrlen;
1215 
1216 	chrlen = mbtowc(&c, *p, 4);
1217 	if (chrlen == 0)
1218 		return 0;
1219 	else if (chrlen == -1)
1220 		c = 0;
1221 	else
1222 		*p += chrlen;
1223 	return c;
1224 }
1225 
1226 
1227 /*
1228  * See if a character matches a character class, starting at the first colon
1229  * of "[:class:]".
1230  * If a valid character class is recognized, a pointer to the next character
1231  * after the final closing bracket is stored into *end, otherwise a null
1232  * pointer is stored into *end.
1233  */
1234 static int
1235 match_charclass(const char *p, wchar_t chr, const char **end)
1236 {
1237 	char name[20];
1238 	const char *nameend;
1239 	wctype_t cclass;
1240 
1241 	*end = NULL;
1242 	p++;
1243 	nameend = strstr(p, ":]");
1244 	if (nameend == NULL || (size_t)(nameend - p) >= sizeof(name) ||
1245 	    nameend == p)
1246 		return 0;
1247 	memcpy(name, p, nameend - p);
1248 	name[nameend - p] = '\0';
1249 	*end = nameend + 2;
1250 	cclass = wctype(name);
1251 	/* An unknown class matches nothing but is valid nevertheless. */
1252 	if (cclass == 0)
1253 		return 0;
1254 	return iswctype(chr, cclass);
1255 }
1256 
1257 
1258 /*
1259  * Returns true if the pattern matches the string.
1260  */
1261 
1262 static int
1263 patmatch(const char *pattern, const char *string)
1264 {
1265 	const char *p, *q, *end;
1266 	const char *bt_p, *bt_q;
1267 	char c;
1268 	wchar_t wc, wc2;
1269 
1270 	p = pattern;
1271 	q = string;
1272 	bt_p = NULL;
1273 	bt_q = NULL;
1274 	for (;;) {
1275 		switch (c = *p++) {
1276 		case '\0':
1277 			if (*q != '\0')
1278 				goto backtrack;
1279 			return 1;
1280 		case CTLESC:
1281 			if (*q++ != *p++)
1282 				goto backtrack;
1283 			break;
1284 		case '?':
1285 			if (*q == '\0')
1286 				return 0;
1287 			if (localeisutf8) {
1288 				wc = get_wc(&q);
1289 				/*
1290 				 * A '?' does not match invalid UTF-8 but a
1291 				 * '*' does, so backtrack.
1292 				 */
1293 				if (wc == 0)
1294 					goto backtrack;
1295 			} else
1296 				q++;
1297 			break;
1298 		case '*':
1299 			c = *p;
1300 			while (c == '*')
1301 				c = *++p;
1302 			/*
1303 			 * If the pattern ends here, we know the string
1304 			 * matches without needing to look at the rest of it.
1305 			 */
1306 			if (c == '\0')
1307 				return 1;
1308 			/*
1309 			 * First try the shortest match for the '*' that
1310 			 * could work. We can forget any earlier '*' since
1311 			 * there is no way having it match more characters
1312 			 * can help us, given that we are already here.
1313 			 */
1314 			bt_p = p;
1315 			bt_q = q;
1316 			break;
1317 		case '[': {
1318 			const char *savep, *saveq;
1319 			int invert, found;
1320 			wchar_t chr;
1321 
1322 			savep = p, saveq = q;
1323 			invert = 0;
1324 			if (*p == '!' || *p == '^') {
1325 				invert++;
1326 				p++;
1327 			}
1328 			found = 0;
1329 			if (*q == '\0')
1330 				return 0;
1331 			if (localeisutf8) {
1332 				chr = get_wc(&q);
1333 				if (chr == 0)
1334 					goto backtrack;
1335 			} else
1336 				chr = (unsigned char)*q++;
1337 			c = *p++;
1338 			do {
1339 				if (c == '\0') {
1340 					p = savep, q = saveq;
1341 					c = '[';
1342 					goto dft;
1343 				}
1344 				if (c == '[' && *p == ':') {
1345 					found |= match_charclass(p, chr, &end);
1346 					if (end != NULL)
1347 						p = end;
1348 				}
1349 				if (c == CTLESC)
1350 					c = *p++;
1351 				if (localeisutf8 && c & 0x80) {
1352 					p--;
1353 					wc = get_wc(&p);
1354 					if (wc == 0) /* bad utf-8 */
1355 						return 0;
1356 				} else
1357 					wc = (unsigned char)c;
1358 				if (*p == '-' && p[1] != ']') {
1359 					p++;
1360 					if (*p == CTLESC)
1361 						p++;
1362 					if (localeisutf8) {
1363 						wc2 = get_wc(&p);
1364 						if (wc2 == 0) /* bad utf-8 */
1365 							return 0;
1366 					} else
1367 						wc2 = (unsigned char)*p++;
1368 					if (   collate_range_cmp(chr, wc) >= 0
1369 					    && collate_range_cmp(chr, wc2) <= 0
1370 					   )
1371 						found = 1;
1372 				} else {
1373 					if (chr == wc)
1374 						found = 1;
1375 				}
1376 			} while ((c = *p++) != ']');
1377 			if (found == invert)
1378 				goto backtrack;
1379 			break;
1380 		}
1381 dft:	        default:
1382 			if (*q == '\0')
1383 				return 0;
1384 			if (*q++ == c)
1385 				break;
1386 backtrack:
1387 			/*
1388 			 * If we have a mismatch (other than hitting the end
1389 			 * of the string), go back to the last '*' seen and
1390 			 * have it match one additional character.
1391 			 */
1392 			if (bt_p == NULL)
1393 				return 0;
1394 			if (*bt_q == '\0')
1395 				return 0;
1396 			bt_q++;
1397 			p = bt_p;
1398 			q = bt_q;
1399 			break;
1400 		}
1401 	}
1402 }
1403 
1404 
1405 
1406 /*
1407  * Remove any CTLESC and CTLQUOTEMARK characters from a string.
1408  */
1409 
1410 void
1411 rmescapes(char *str)
1412 {
1413 	char *p, *q;
1414 
1415 	p = str;
1416 	while (*p != CTLESC && *p != CTLQUOTEMARK && *p != CTLQUOTEEND) {
1417 		if (*p++ == '\0')
1418 			return;
1419 	}
1420 	q = p;
1421 	while (*p) {
1422 		if (*p == CTLQUOTEMARK || *p == CTLQUOTEEND) {
1423 			p++;
1424 			continue;
1425 		}
1426 		if (*p == CTLESC)
1427 			p++;
1428 		*q++ = *p++;
1429 	}
1430 	*q = '\0';
1431 }
1432 
1433 
1434 
1435 /*
1436  * See if a pattern matches in a case statement.
1437  */
1438 
1439 int
1440 casematch(union node *pattern, const char *val)
1441 {
1442 	struct stackmark smark;
1443 	int result;
1444 	char *p;
1445 
1446 	setstackmark(&smark);
1447 	argbackq = pattern->narg.backquote;
1448 	STARTSTACKSTR(expdest);
1449 	argstr(pattern->narg.text, EXP_TILDE | EXP_CASE, NULL);
1450 	STPUTC('\0', expdest);
1451 	p = grabstackstr(expdest);
1452 	result = patmatch(p, val);
1453 	popstackmark(&smark);
1454 	return result;
1455 }
1456 
1457 /*
1458  * Our own itoa().
1459  */
1460 
1461 static void
1462 cvtnum(int num, char *buf)
1463 {
1464 	char temp[32];
1465 	int neg = num < 0;
1466 	char *p = temp + 31;
1467 
1468 	temp[31] = '\0';
1469 
1470 	do {
1471 		*--p = num % 10 + '0';
1472 	} while ((num /= 10) != 0);
1473 
1474 	if (neg)
1475 		*--p = '-';
1476 
1477 	memcpy(buf, p, temp + 32 - p);
1478 }
1479 
1480 /*
1481  * Do most of the work for wordexp(3).
1482  */
1483 
1484 int
1485 wordexpcmd(int argc, char **argv)
1486 {
1487 	size_t len;
1488 	int i;
1489 
1490 	out1fmt("%08x", argc - 1);
1491 	for (i = 1, len = 0; i < argc; i++)
1492 		len += strlen(argv[i]);
1493 	out1fmt("%08x", (int)len);
1494 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
1495 		outbin(argv[i], strlen(argv[i]) + 1, out1);
1496         return (0);
1497 }
1498 
1499 /*
1500  * Do most of the work for wordexp(3), new version.
1501  */
1502 
1503 int
1504 freebsd_wordexpcmd(int argc __unused, char **argv __unused)
1505 {
1506 	struct arglist arglist;
1507 	union node *args, *n;
1508 	size_t len;
1509 	int ch;
1510 	int protected = 0;
1511 	int fd = -1;
1512 	int i;
1513 
1514 	while ((ch = nextopt("f:p")) != '\0') {
1515 		switch (ch) {
1516 		case 'f':
1517 			fd = number(shoptarg);
1518 			break;
1519 		case 'p':
1520 			protected = 1;
1521 			break;
1522 		}
1523 	}
1524 	if (*argptr != NULL)
1525 		error("wrong number of arguments");
1526 	if (fd < 0)
1527 		error("missing fd");
1528 	INTOFF;
1529 	setinputfd(fd, 1);
1530 	INTON;
1531 	args = parsewordexp();
1532 	popfile(); /* will also close fd */
1533 	if (protected)
1534 		for (n = args; n != NULL; n = n->narg.next) {
1535 			if (n->narg.backquote != NULL) {
1536 				outcslow('C', out1);
1537 				error("command substitution disabled");
1538 			}
1539 		}
1540 	outcslow(' ', out1);
1541 	emptyarglist(&arglist);
1542 	for (n = args; n != NULL; n = n->narg.next)
1543 		expandarg(n, &arglist, EXP_FULL | EXP_TILDE);
1544 	for (i = 0, len = 0; i < arglist.count; i++)
1545 		len += strlen(arglist.args[i]);
1546 	out1fmt("%016x %016zx", arglist.count, len);
1547 	for (i = 0; i < arglist.count; i++)
1548 		outbin(arglist.args[i], strlen(arglist.args[i]) + 1, out1);
1549 	return (0);
1550 }
1551