1 //===- ExprEngine.h - Path-Sensitive Expression-Level Dataflow --*- C++ -*-===//
2 //
3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6 //
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8 //
9 //  This file defines a meta-engine for path-sensitive dataflow analysis that
10 //  is built on CoreEngine, but provides the boilerplate to execute transfer
11 //  functions and build the ExplodedGraph at the expression level.
12 //
13 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
14 
15 #ifndef LLVM_CLANG_STATICANALYZER_CORE_PATHSENSITIVE_EXPRENGINE_H
16 #define LLVM_CLANG_STATICANALYZER_CORE_PATHSENSITIVE_EXPRENGINE_H
17 
18 #include "clang/AST/Expr.h"
19 #include "clang/AST/Type.h"
20 #include "clang/Analysis/CFG.h"
21 #include "clang/Analysis/DomainSpecific/ObjCNoReturn.h"
22 #include "clang/Analysis/ProgramPoint.h"
23 #include "clang/Basic/LLVM.h"
24 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/CheckerManager.h"
25 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/BugReporter/BugReporter.h"
26 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/BugReporter/BugReporterVisitors.h"
27 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/AnalysisManager.h"
28 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/CoreEngine.h"
29 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/FunctionSummary.h"
30 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/ProgramState.h"
31 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/ProgramStateTrait.h"
32 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/ProgramState_Fwd.h"
33 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/Store.h"
34 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/SValBuilder.h"
35 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/SVals.h"
36 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/WorkList.h"
37 #include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
38 #include <cassert>
39 #include <utility>
40 
41 namespace clang {
42 
43 class AnalysisDeclContextManager;
44 class AnalyzerOptions;
45 class ASTContext;
46 class CFGBlock;
47 class CFGElement;
48 class ConstructionContext;
49 class CXXBindTemporaryExpr;
50 class CXXCatchStmt;
51 class CXXConstructExpr;
52 class CXXDeleteExpr;
53 class CXXNewExpr;
54 class CXXThisExpr;
55 class Decl;
56 class DeclStmt;
57 class GCCAsmStmt;
58 class LambdaExpr;
59 class LocationContext;
60 class MaterializeTemporaryExpr;
61 class MSAsmStmt;
62 class NamedDecl;
63 class ObjCAtSynchronizedStmt;
64 class ObjCForCollectionStmt;
65 class ObjCIvarRefExpr;
66 class ObjCMessageExpr;
67 class ReturnStmt;
68 class Stmt;
69 
70 namespace cross_tu {
71 
72 class CrossTranslationUnitContext;
73 
74 } // namespace cross_tu
75 
76 namespace ento {
77 
78 class AnalysisManager;
79 class BasicValueFactory;
80 class BlockCounter;
81 class BranchNodeBuilder;
82 class CallEvent;
83 class CheckerManager;
84 class ConstraintManager;
85 class CXXTempObjectRegion;
86 class EndOfFunctionNodeBuilder;
87 class ExplodedNodeSet;
88 class ExplodedNode;
89 class IndirectGotoNodeBuilder;
90 class MemRegion;
91 struct NodeBuilderContext;
92 class NodeBuilderWithSinks;
93 class ProgramState;
94 class ProgramStateManager;
95 class RegionAndSymbolInvalidationTraits;
96 class SymbolManager;
97 class SwitchNodeBuilder;
98 
99 /// Hints for figuring out of a call should be inlined during evalCall().
100 struct EvalCallOptions {
101   /// This call is a constructor or a destructor for which we do not currently
102   /// compute the this-region correctly.
103   bool IsCtorOrDtorWithImproperlyModeledTargetRegion = false;
104 
105   /// This call is a constructor or a destructor for a single element within
106   /// an array, a part of array construction or destruction.
107   bool IsArrayCtorOrDtor = false;
108 
109   /// This call is a constructor or a destructor of a temporary value.
110   bool IsTemporaryCtorOrDtor = false;
111 
112   /// This call is a constructor for a temporary that is lifetime-extended
113   /// by binding it to a reference-type field within an aggregate,
114   /// for example 'A { const C &c; }; A a = { C() };'
115   bool IsTemporaryLifetimeExtendedViaAggregate = false;
116 
117   /// This call is a pre-C++17 elidable constructor that we failed to elide
118   /// because we failed to compute the target region into which
119   /// this constructor would have been ultimately elided. Analysis that
120   /// we perform in this case is still correct but it behaves differently,
121   /// as if copy elision is disabled.
122   bool IsElidableCtorThatHasNotBeenElided = false;
123 
124   EvalCallOptions() {}
125 };
126 
127 class ExprEngine {
128   void anchor();
129 
130 public:
131   /// The modes of inlining, which override the default analysis-wide settings.
132   enum InliningModes {
133     /// Follow the default settings for inlining callees.
134     Inline_Regular = 0,
135 
136     /// Do minimal inlining of callees.
137     Inline_Minimal = 0x1
138   };
139 
140 private:
141   cross_tu::CrossTranslationUnitContext &CTU;
142 
143   AnalysisManager &AMgr;
144 
145   AnalysisDeclContextManager &AnalysisDeclContexts;
146 
147   CoreEngine Engine;
148 
149   /// G - the simulation graph.
150   ExplodedGraph &G;
151 
152   /// StateMgr - Object that manages the data for all created states.
153   ProgramStateManager StateMgr;
154 
155   /// SymMgr - Object that manages the symbol information.
156   SymbolManager &SymMgr;
157 
158   /// MRMgr - MemRegionManager object that creates memory regions.
159   MemRegionManager &MRMgr;
160 
161   /// svalBuilder - SValBuilder object that creates SVals from expressions.
162   SValBuilder &svalBuilder;
163 
164   unsigned int currStmtIdx = 0;
165   const NodeBuilderContext *currBldrCtx = nullptr;
166 
167   /// Helper object to determine if an Objective-C message expression
168   /// implicitly never returns.
169   ObjCNoReturn ObjCNoRet;
170 
171   /// The BugReporter associated with this engine.  It is important that
172   /// this object be placed at the very end of member variables so that its
173   /// destructor is called before the rest of the ExprEngine is destroyed.
174   PathSensitiveBugReporter BR;
175 
176   /// The functions which have been analyzed through inlining. This is owned by
177   /// AnalysisConsumer. It can be null.
178   SetOfConstDecls *VisitedCallees;
179 
180   /// The flag, which specifies the mode of inlining for the engine.
181   InliningModes HowToInline;
182 
183 public:
184   ExprEngine(cross_tu::CrossTranslationUnitContext &CTU, AnalysisManager &mgr,
185              SetOfConstDecls *VisitedCalleesIn,
186              FunctionSummariesTy *FS, InliningModes HowToInlineIn);
187 
188   virtual ~ExprEngine() = default;
189 
190   /// Returns true if there is still simulation state on the worklist.
191   bool ExecuteWorkList(const LocationContext *L, unsigned Steps = 150000) {
192     return Engine.ExecuteWorkList(L, Steps, nullptr);
193   }
194 
195   /// Execute the work list with an initial state. Nodes that reaches the exit
196   /// of the function are added into the Dst set, which represent the exit
197   /// state of the function call. Returns true if there is still simulation
198   /// state on the worklist.
199   bool ExecuteWorkListWithInitialState(const LocationContext *L, unsigned Steps,
200                                        ProgramStateRef InitState,
201                                        ExplodedNodeSet &Dst) {
202     return Engine.ExecuteWorkListWithInitialState(L, Steps, InitState, Dst);
203   }
204 
205   /// getContext - Return the ASTContext associated with this analysis.
206   ASTContext &getContext() const { return AMgr.getASTContext(); }
207 
208   AnalysisManager &getAnalysisManager() { return AMgr; }
209 
210   AnalysisDeclContextManager &getAnalysisDeclContextManager() {
211     return AMgr.getAnalysisDeclContextManager();
212   }
213 
214   CheckerManager &getCheckerManager() const {
215     return *AMgr.getCheckerManager();
216   }
217 
218   SValBuilder &getSValBuilder() { return svalBuilder; }
219 
220   BugReporter &getBugReporter() { return BR; }
221 
222   cross_tu::CrossTranslationUnitContext *
223   getCrossTranslationUnitContext() {
224     return &CTU;
225   }
226 
227   const NodeBuilderContext &getBuilderContext() {
228     assert(currBldrCtx);
229     return *currBldrCtx;
230   }
231 
232   const Stmt *getStmt() const;
233 
234   void GenerateAutoTransition(ExplodedNode *N);
235   void enqueueEndOfPath(ExplodedNodeSet &S);
236   void GenerateCallExitNode(ExplodedNode *N);
237 
238 
239   /// Dump graph to the specified filename.
240   /// If filename is empty, generate a temporary one.
241   /// \return The filename the graph is written into.
242   std::string DumpGraph(bool trim = false, StringRef Filename="");
243 
244   /// Dump the graph consisting of the given nodes to a specified filename.
245   /// Generate a temporary filename if it's not provided.
246   /// \return The filename the graph is written into.
247   std::string DumpGraph(ArrayRef<const ExplodedNode *> Nodes,
248                         StringRef Filename = "");
249 
250   /// Visualize the ExplodedGraph created by executing the simulation.
251   void ViewGraph(bool trim = false);
252 
253   /// Visualize a trimmed ExplodedGraph that only contains paths to the given
254   /// nodes.
255   void ViewGraph(ArrayRef<const ExplodedNode *> Nodes);
256 
257   /// getInitialState - Return the initial state used for the root vertex
258   ///  in the ExplodedGraph.
259   ProgramStateRef getInitialState(const LocationContext *InitLoc);
260 
261   ExplodedGraph &getGraph() { return G; }
262   const ExplodedGraph &getGraph() const { return G; }
263 
264   /// Run the analyzer's garbage collection - remove dead symbols and
265   /// bindings from the state.
266   ///
267   /// Checkers can participate in this process with two callbacks:
268   /// \c checkLiveSymbols and \c checkDeadSymbols. See the CheckerDocumentation
269   /// class for more information.
270   ///
271   /// \param Node The predecessor node, from which the processing should start.
272   /// \param Out The returned set of output nodes.
273   /// \param ReferenceStmt The statement which is about to be processed.
274   ///        Everything needed for this statement should be considered live.
275   ///        A null statement means that everything in child LocationContexts
276   ///        is dead.
277   /// \param LC The location context of the \p ReferenceStmt. A null location
278   ///        context means that we have reached the end of analysis and that
279   ///        all statements and local variables should be considered dead.
280   /// \param DiagnosticStmt Used as a location for any warnings that should
281   ///        occur while removing the dead (e.g. leaks). By default, the
282   ///        \p ReferenceStmt is used.
283   /// \param K Denotes whether this is a pre- or post-statement purge. This
284   ///        must only be ProgramPoint::PostStmtPurgeDeadSymbolsKind if an
285   ///        entire location context is being cleared, in which case the
286   ///        \p ReferenceStmt must either be a ReturnStmt or \c NULL. Otherwise,
287   ///        it must be ProgramPoint::PreStmtPurgeDeadSymbolsKind (the default)
288   ///        and \p ReferenceStmt must be valid (non-null).
289   void removeDead(ExplodedNode *Node, ExplodedNodeSet &Out,
290             const Stmt *ReferenceStmt, const LocationContext *LC,
291             const Stmt *DiagnosticStmt = nullptr,
292             ProgramPoint::Kind K = ProgramPoint::PreStmtPurgeDeadSymbolsKind);
293 
294   /// processCFGElement - Called by CoreEngine. Used to generate new successor
295   ///  nodes by processing the 'effects' of a CFG element.
296   void processCFGElement(const CFGElement E, ExplodedNode *Pred,
297                          unsigned StmtIdx, NodeBuilderContext *Ctx);
298 
299   void ProcessStmt(const Stmt *S, ExplodedNode *Pred);
300 
301   void ProcessLoopExit(const Stmt* S, ExplodedNode *Pred);
302 
303   void ProcessInitializer(const CFGInitializer I, ExplodedNode *Pred);
304 
305   void ProcessImplicitDtor(const CFGImplicitDtor D, ExplodedNode *Pred);
306 
307   void ProcessNewAllocator(const CXXNewExpr *NE, ExplodedNode *Pred);
308 
309   void ProcessAutomaticObjDtor(const CFGAutomaticObjDtor D,
310                                ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
311   void ProcessDeleteDtor(const CFGDeleteDtor D,
312                          ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
313   void ProcessBaseDtor(const CFGBaseDtor D,
314                        ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
315   void ProcessMemberDtor(const CFGMemberDtor D,
316                          ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
317   void ProcessTemporaryDtor(const CFGTemporaryDtor D,
318                             ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
319 
320   /// Called by CoreEngine when processing the entrance of a CFGBlock.
321   void processCFGBlockEntrance(const BlockEdge &L,
322                                NodeBuilderWithSinks &nodeBuilder,
323                                ExplodedNode *Pred);
324 
325   /// ProcessBranch - Called by CoreEngine.  Used to generate successor
326   ///  nodes by processing the 'effects' of a branch condition.
327   void processBranch(const Stmt *Condition,
328                      NodeBuilderContext& BuilderCtx,
329                      ExplodedNode *Pred,
330                      ExplodedNodeSet &Dst,
331                      const CFGBlock *DstT,
332                      const CFGBlock *DstF);
333 
334   /// Called by CoreEngine.
335   /// Used to generate successor nodes for temporary destructors depending
336   /// on whether the corresponding constructor was visited.
337   void processCleanupTemporaryBranch(const CXXBindTemporaryExpr *BTE,
338                                      NodeBuilderContext &BldCtx,
339                                      ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst,
340                                      const CFGBlock *DstT,
341                                      const CFGBlock *DstF);
342 
343   /// Called by CoreEngine.  Used to processing branching behavior
344   /// at static initializers.
345   void processStaticInitializer(const DeclStmt *DS,
346                                 NodeBuilderContext& BuilderCtx,
347                                 ExplodedNode *Pred,
348                                 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst,
349                                 const CFGBlock *DstT,
350                                 const CFGBlock *DstF);
351 
352   /// processIndirectGoto - Called by CoreEngine.  Used to generate successor
353   ///  nodes by processing the 'effects' of a computed goto jump.
354   void processIndirectGoto(IndirectGotoNodeBuilder& builder);
355 
356   /// ProcessSwitch - Called by CoreEngine.  Used to generate successor
357   ///  nodes by processing the 'effects' of a switch statement.
358   void processSwitch(SwitchNodeBuilder& builder);
359 
360   /// Called by CoreEngine.  Used to notify checkers that processing a
361   /// function has begun. Called for both inlined and and top-level functions.
362   void processBeginOfFunction(NodeBuilderContext &BC,
363                               ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst,
364                               const BlockEdge &L);
365 
366   /// Called by CoreEngine.  Used to notify checkers that processing a
367   /// function has ended. Called for both inlined and and top-level functions.
368   void processEndOfFunction(NodeBuilderContext& BC,
369                             ExplodedNode *Pred,
370                             const ReturnStmt *RS = nullptr);
371 
372   /// Remove dead bindings/symbols before exiting a function.
373   void removeDeadOnEndOfFunction(NodeBuilderContext& BC,
374                                  ExplodedNode *Pred,
375                                  ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
376 
377   /// Generate the entry node of the callee.
378   void processCallEnter(NodeBuilderContext& BC, CallEnter CE,
379                         ExplodedNode *Pred);
380 
381   /// Generate the sequence of nodes that simulate the call exit and the post
382   /// visit for CallExpr.
383   void processCallExit(ExplodedNode *Pred);
384 
385   /// Called by CoreEngine when the analysis worklist has terminated.
386   void processEndWorklist();
387 
388   /// evalAssume - Callback function invoked by the ConstraintManager when
389   ///  making assumptions about state values.
390   ProgramStateRef processAssume(ProgramStateRef state, SVal cond,
391                                 bool assumption);
392 
393   /// processRegionChanges - Called by ProgramStateManager whenever a change is made
394   ///  to the store. Used to update checkers that track region values.
395   ProgramStateRef
396   processRegionChanges(ProgramStateRef state,
397                        const InvalidatedSymbols *invalidated,
398                        ArrayRef<const MemRegion *> ExplicitRegions,
399                        ArrayRef<const MemRegion *> Regions,
400                        const LocationContext *LCtx,
401                        const CallEvent *Call);
402 
403   inline ProgramStateRef
404   processRegionChange(ProgramStateRef state,
405                       const MemRegion* MR,
406                       const LocationContext *LCtx) {
407     return processRegionChanges(state, nullptr, MR, MR, LCtx, nullptr);
408   }
409 
410   /// printJson - Called by ProgramStateManager to print checker-specific data.
411   void printJson(raw_ostream &Out, ProgramStateRef State,
412                  const LocationContext *LCtx, const char *NL,
413                  unsigned int Space, bool IsDot) const;
414 
415   ProgramStateManager &getStateManager() { return StateMgr; }
416 
417   StoreManager &getStoreManager() { return StateMgr.getStoreManager(); }
418 
419   ConstraintManager &getConstraintManager() {
420     return StateMgr.getConstraintManager();
421   }
422 
423   // FIXME: Remove when we migrate over to just using SValBuilder.
424   BasicValueFactory &getBasicVals() {
425     return StateMgr.getBasicVals();
426   }
427 
428   SymbolManager &getSymbolManager() { return SymMgr; }
429   MemRegionManager &getRegionManager() { return MRMgr; }
430 
431   DataTag::Factory &getDataTags() { return Engine.getDataTags(); }
432 
433   // Functions for external checking of whether we have unfinished work
434   bool wasBlocksExhausted() const { return Engine.wasBlocksExhausted(); }
435   bool hasEmptyWorkList() const { return !Engine.getWorkList()->hasWork(); }
436   bool hasWorkRemaining() const { return Engine.hasWorkRemaining(); }
437 
438   const CoreEngine &getCoreEngine() const { return Engine; }
439 
440 public:
441   /// Visit - Transfer function logic for all statements.  Dispatches to
442   ///  other functions that handle specific kinds of statements.
443   void Visit(const Stmt *S, ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
444 
445   /// VisitArraySubscriptExpr - Transfer function for array accesses.
446   void VisitArraySubscriptExpr(const ArraySubscriptExpr *Ex,
447                                ExplodedNode *Pred,
448                                ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
449 
450   /// VisitGCCAsmStmt - Transfer function logic for inline asm.
451   void VisitGCCAsmStmt(const GCCAsmStmt *A, ExplodedNode *Pred,
452                        ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
453 
454   /// VisitMSAsmStmt - Transfer function logic for MS inline asm.
455   void VisitMSAsmStmt(const MSAsmStmt *A, ExplodedNode *Pred,
456                       ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
457 
458   /// VisitBlockExpr - Transfer function logic for BlockExprs.
459   void VisitBlockExpr(const BlockExpr *BE, ExplodedNode *Pred,
460                       ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
461 
462   /// VisitLambdaExpr - Transfer function logic for LambdaExprs.
463   void VisitLambdaExpr(const LambdaExpr *LE, ExplodedNode *Pred,
464                        ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
465 
466   /// VisitBinaryOperator - Transfer function logic for binary operators.
467   void VisitBinaryOperator(const BinaryOperator* B, ExplodedNode *Pred,
468                            ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
469 
470 
471   /// VisitCall - Transfer function for function calls.
472   void VisitCallExpr(const CallExpr *CE, ExplodedNode *Pred,
473                      ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
474 
475   /// VisitCast - Transfer function logic for all casts (implicit and explicit).
476   void VisitCast(const CastExpr *CastE, const Expr *Ex, ExplodedNode *Pred,
477                  ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
478 
479   /// VisitCompoundLiteralExpr - Transfer function logic for compound literals.
480   void VisitCompoundLiteralExpr(const CompoundLiteralExpr *CL,
481                                 ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
482 
483   /// Transfer function logic for DeclRefExprs and BlockDeclRefExprs.
484   void VisitCommonDeclRefExpr(const Expr *DR, const NamedDecl *D,
485                               ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
486 
487   /// VisitDeclStmt - Transfer function logic for DeclStmts.
488   void VisitDeclStmt(const DeclStmt *DS, ExplodedNode *Pred,
489                      ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
490 
491   /// VisitGuardedExpr - Transfer function logic for ?, __builtin_choose
492   void VisitGuardedExpr(const Expr *Ex, const Expr *L, const Expr *R,
493                         ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
494 
495   void VisitInitListExpr(const InitListExpr *E, ExplodedNode *Pred,
496                          ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
497 
498   /// VisitLogicalExpr - Transfer function logic for '&&', '||'
499   void VisitLogicalExpr(const BinaryOperator* B, ExplodedNode *Pred,
500                         ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
501 
502   /// VisitMemberExpr - Transfer function for member expressions.
503   void VisitMemberExpr(const MemberExpr *M, ExplodedNode *Pred,
504                        ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
505 
506   /// VisitAtomicExpr - Transfer function for builtin atomic expressions
507   void VisitAtomicExpr(const AtomicExpr *E, ExplodedNode *Pred,
508                        ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
509 
510   /// Transfer function logic for ObjCAtSynchronizedStmts.
511   void VisitObjCAtSynchronizedStmt(const ObjCAtSynchronizedStmt *S,
512                                    ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
513 
514   /// Transfer function logic for computing the lvalue of an Objective-C ivar.
515   void VisitLvalObjCIvarRefExpr(const ObjCIvarRefExpr *DR, ExplodedNode *Pred,
516                                 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
517 
518   /// VisitObjCForCollectionStmt - Transfer function logic for
519   ///  ObjCForCollectionStmt.
520   void VisitObjCForCollectionStmt(const ObjCForCollectionStmt *S,
521                                   ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
522 
523   void VisitObjCMessage(const ObjCMessageExpr *ME, ExplodedNode *Pred,
524                         ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
525 
526   /// VisitReturnStmt - Transfer function logic for return statements.
527   void VisitReturnStmt(const ReturnStmt *R, ExplodedNode *Pred,
528                        ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
529 
530   /// VisitOffsetOfExpr - Transfer function for offsetof.
531   void VisitOffsetOfExpr(const OffsetOfExpr *Ex, ExplodedNode *Pred,
532                          ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
533 
534   /// VisitUnaryExprOrTypeTraitExpr - Transfer function for sizeof.
535   void VisitUnaryExprOrTypeTraitExpr(const UnaryExprOrTypeTraitExpr *Ex,
536                                      ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
537 
538   /// VisitUnaryOperator - Transfer function logic for unary operators.
539   void VisitUnaryOperator(const UnaryOperator* B, ExplodedNode *Pred,
540                           ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
541 
542   /// Handle ++ and -- (both pre- and post-increment).
543   void VisitIncrementDecrementOperator(const UnaryOperator* U,
544                                        ExplodedNode *Pred,
545                                        ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
546 
547   void VisitCXXBindTemporaryExpr(const CXXBindTemporaryExpr *BTE,
548                                  ExplodedNodeSet &PreVisit,
549                                  ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
550 
551   void VisitCXXCatchStmt(const CXXCatchStmt *CS, ExplodedNode *Pred,
552                          ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
553 
554   void VisitCXXThisExpr(const CXXThisExpr *TE, ExplodedNode *Pred,
555                         ExplodedNodeSet & Dst);
556 
557   void VisitCXXConstructExpr(const CXXConstructExpr *E, ExplodedNode *Pred,
558                              ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
559 
560   void VisitCXXInheritedCtorInitExpr(const CXXInheritedCtorInitExpr *E,
561                                      ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
562 
563   void VisitCXXDestructor(QualType ObjectType, const MemRegion *Dest,
564                           const Stmt *S, bool IsBaseDtor,
565                           ExplodedNode *Pred, ExplodedNodeSet &Dst,
566                           EvalCallOptions &Options);
567 
568   void VisitCXXNewAllocatorCall(const CXXNewExpr *CNE,
569                                 ExplodedNode *Pred,
570                                 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
571 
572   void VisitCXXNewExpr(const CXXNewExpr *CNE, ExplodedNode *Pred,
573                        ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
574 
575   void VisitCXXDeleteExpr(const CXXDeleteExpr *CDE, ExplodedNode *Pred,
576                           ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
577 
578   /// Create a C++ temporary object for an rvalue.
579   void CreateCXXTemporaryObject(const MaterializeTemporaryExpr *ME,
580                                 ExplodedNode *Pred,
581                                 ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
582 
583   /// evalEagerlyAssumeBinOpBifurcation - Given the nodes in 'Src', eagerly assume symbolic
584   ///  expressions of the form 'x != 0' and generate new nodes (stored in Dst)
585   ///  with those assumptions.
586   void evalEagerlyAssumeBinOpBifurcation(ExplodedNodeSet &Dst, ExplodedNodeSet &Src,
587                          const Expr *Ex);
588 
589   static std::pair<const ProgramPointTag *, const ProgramPointTag *>
590     geteagerlyAssumeBinOpBifurcationTags();
591 
592   SVal evalMinus(SVal X) {
593     return X.isValid() ? svalBuilder.evalMinus(X.castAs<NonLoc>()) : X;
594   }
595 
596   SVal evalComplement(SVal X) {
597     return X.isValid() ? svalBuilder.evalComplement(X.castAs<NonLoc>()) : X;
598   }
599 
600   ProgramStateRef handleLValueBitCast(ProgramStateRef state, const Expr *Ex,
601                                       const LocationContext *LCtx, QualType T,
602                                       QualType ExTy, const CastExpr *CastE,
603                                       StmtNodeBuilder &Bldr,
604                                       ExplodedNode *Pred);
605 
606   ProgramStateRef handleLVectorSplat(ProgramStateRef state,
607                                      const LocationContext *LCtx,
608                                      const CastExpr *CastE,
609                                      StmtNodeBuilder &Bldr,
610                                      ExplodedNode *Pred);
611 
612   void handleUOExtension(ExplodedNodeSet::iterator I,
613                          const UnaryOperator* U,
614                          StmtNodeBuilder &Bldr);
615 
616 public:
617   SVal evalBinOp(ProgramStateRef state, BinaryOperator::Opcode op,
618                  NonLoc L, NonLoc R, QualType T) {
619     return svalBuilder.evalBinOpNN(state, op, L, R, T);
620   }
621 
622   SVal evalBinOp(ProgramStateRef state, BinaryOperator::Opcode op,
623                  NonLoc L, SVal R, QualType T) {
624     return R.isValid() ? svalBuilder.evalBinOpNN(state, op, L,
625                                                  R.castAs<NonLoc>(), T) : R;
626   }
627 
628   SVal evalBinOp(ProgramStateRef ST, BinaryOperator::Opcode Op,
629                  SVal LHS, SVal RHS, QualType T) {
630     return svalBuilder.evalBinOp(ST, Op, LHS, RHS, T);
631   }
632 
633   /// By looking at a certain item that may be potentially part of an object's
634   /// ConstructionContext, retrieve such object's location. A particular
635   /// statement can be transparently passed as \p Item in most cases.
636   static Optional<SVal>
637   getObjectUnderConstruction(ProgramStateRef State,
638                              const ConstructionContextItem &Item,
639                              const LocationContext *LC);
640 
641   /// Call PointerEscape callback when a value escapes as a result of bind.
642   ProgramStateRef processPointerEscapedOnBind(
643       ProgramStateRef State, ArrayRef<std::pair<SVal, SVal>> LocAndVals,
644       const LocationContext *LCtx, PointerEscapeKind Kind,
645       const CallEvent *Call);
646 
647   /// Call PointerEscape callback when a value escapes as a result of
648   /// region invalidation.
649   /// \param[in] ITraits Specifies invalidation traits for regions/symbols.
650   ProgramStateRef notifyCheckersOfPointerEscape(
651                            ProgramStateRef State,
652                            const InvalidatedSymbols *Invalidated,
653                            ArrayRef<const MemRegion *> ExplicitRegions,
654                            const CallEvent *Call,
655                            RegionAndSymbolInvalidationTraits &ITraits);
656 
657 private:
658   /// evalBind - Handle the semantics of binding a value to a specific location.
659   ///  This method is used by evalStore, VisitDeclStmt, and others.
660   void evalBind(ExplodedNodeSet &Dst, const Stmt *StoreE, ExplodedNode *Pred,
661                 SVal location, SVal Val, bool atDeclInit = false,
662                 const ProgramPoint *PP = nullptr);
663 
664   ProgramStateRef
665   processPointerEscapedOnBind(ProgramStateRef State,
666                               SVal Loc, SVal Val,
667                               const LocationContext *LCtx);
668 
669   /// A simple wrapper when you only need to notify checkers of pointer-escape
670   /// of some values.
671   ProgramStateRef escapeValues(ProgramStateRef State, ArrayRef<SVal> Vs,
672                                PointerEscapeKind K,
673                                const CallEvent *Call = nullptr) const;
674 
675 public:
676   // FIXME: 'tag' should be removed, and a LocationContext should be used
677   // instead.
678   // FIXME: Comment on the meaning of the arguments, when 'St' may not
679   // be the same as Pred->state, and when 'location' may not be the
680   // same as state->getLValue(Ex).
681   /// Simulate a read of the result of Ex.
682   void evalLoad(ExplodedNodeSet &Dst,
683                 const Expr *NodeEx,  /* Eventually will be a CFGStmt */
684                 const Expr *BoundExpr,
685                 ExplodedNode *Pred,
686                 ProgramStateRef St,
687                 SVal location,
688                 const ProgramPointTag *tag = nullptr,
689                 QualType LoadTy = QualType());
690 
691   // FIXME: 'tag' should be removed, and a LocationContext should be used
692   // instead.
693   void evalStore(ExplodedNodeSet &Dst, const Expr *AssignE, const Expr *StoreE,
694                  ExplodedNode *Pred, ProgramStateRef St, SVal TargetLV, SVal Val,
695                  const ProgramPointTag *tag = nullptr);
696 
697   /// Return the CFG element corresponding to the worklist element
698   /// that is currently being processed by ExprEngine.
699   CFGElement getCurrentCFGElement() {
700     return (*currBldrCtx->getBlock())[currStmtIdx];
701   }
702 
703   /// Create a new state in which the call return value is binded to the
704   /// call origin expression.
705   ProgramStateRef bindReturnValue(const CallEvent &Call,
706                                   const LocationContext *LCtx,
707                                   ProgramStateRef State);
708 
709   /// Evaluate a call, running pre- and post-call checkers and allowing checkers
710   /// to be responsible for handling the evaluation of the call itself.
711   void evalCall(ExplodedNodeSet &Dst, ExplodedNode *Pred,
712                 const CallEvent &Call);
713 
714   /// Default implementation of call evaluation.
715   void defaultEvalCall(NodeBuilder &B, ExplodedNode *Pred,
716                        const CallEvent &Call,
717                        const EvalCallOptions &CallOpts = {});
718 
719   /// Find location of the object that is being constructed by a given
720   /// constructor. This should ideally always succeed but due to not being
721   /// fully implemented it sometimes indicates that it failed via its
722   /// out-parameter CallOpts; in such cases a fake temporary region is
723   /// returned, which is better than nothing but does not represent
724   /// the actual behavior of the program.
725   SVal computeObjectUnderConstruction(
726       const Expr *E, ProgramStateRef State, const LocationContext *LCtx,
727       const ConstructionContext *CC, EvalCallOptions &CallOpts);
728 
729   /// Update the program state with all the path-sensitive information
730   /// that's necessary to perform construction of an object with a given
731   /// syntactic construction context. V and CallOpts have to be obtained from
732   /// computeObjectUnderConstruction() invoked with the same set of
733   /// the remaining arguments (E, State, LCtx, CC).
734   ProgramStateRef updateObjectsUnderConstruction(
735       SVal V, const Expr *E, ProgramStateRef State, const LocationContext *LCtx,
736       const ConstructionContext *CC, const EvalCallOptions &CallOpts);
737 
738   /// A convenient wrapper around computeObjectUnderConstruction
739   /// and updateObjectsUnderConstruction.
740   std::pair<ProgramStateRef, SVal> handleConstructionContext(
741       const Expr *E, ProgramStateRef State, const LocationContext *LCtx,
742       const ConstructionContext *CC, EvalCallOptions &CallOpts) {
743     SVal V = computeObjectUnderConstruction(E, State, LCtx, CC, CallOpts);
744     return std::make_pair(
745         updateObjectsUnderConstruction(V, E, State, LCtx, CC, CallOpts), V);
746   }
747 
748 private:
749   ProgramStateRef finishArgumentConstruction(ProgramStateRef State,
750                                              const CallEvent &Call);
751   void finishArgumentConstruction(ExplodedNodeSet &Dst, ExplodedNode *Pred,
752                                   const CallEvent &Call);
753 
754   void evalLoadCommon(ExplodedNodeSet &Dst,
755                       const Expr *NodeEx,  /* Eventually will be a CFGStmt */
756                       const Expr *BoundEx,
757                       ExplodedNode *Pred,
758                       ProgramStateRef St,
759                       SVal location,
760                       const ProgramPointTag *tag,
761                       QualType LoadTy);
762 
763   void evalLocation(ExplodedNodeSet &Dst,
764                     const Stmt *NodeEx, /* This will eventually be a CFGStmt */
765                     const Stmt *BoundEx,
766                     ExplodedNode *Pred,
767                     ProgramStateRef St,
768                     SVal location,
769                     bool isLoad);
770 
771   /// Count the stack depth and determine if the call is recursive.
772   void examineStackFrames(const Decl *D, const LocationContext *LCtx,
773                           bool &IsRecursive, unsigned &StackDepth);
774 
775   enum CallInlinePolicy {
776     CIP_Allowed,
777     CIP_DisallowedOnce,
778     CIP_DisallowedAlways
779   };
780 
781   /// See if a particular call should be inlined, by only looking
782   /// at the call event and the current state of analysis.
783   CallInlinePolicy mayInlineCallKind(const CallEvent &Call,
784                                      const ExplodedNode *Pred,
785                                      AnalyzerOptions &Opts,
786                                      const EvalCallOptions &CallOpts);
787 
788   /// See if the given AnalysisDeclContext is built for a function that we
789   /// should always inline simply because it's small enough.
790   /// Apart from "small" functions, we also have "large" functions
791   /// (cf. isLarge()), some of which are huge (cf. isHuge()), and we classify
792   /// the remaining functions as "medium".
793   bool isSmall(AnalysisDeclContext *ADC) const;
794 
795   /// See if the given AnalysisDeclContext is built for a function that we
796   /// should inline carefully because it looks pretty large.
797   bool isLarge(AnalysisDeclContext *ADC) const;
798 
799   /// See if the given AnalysisDeclContext is built for a function that we
800   /// should never inline because it's legit gigantic.
801   bool isHuge(AnalysisDeclContext *ADC) const;
802 
803   /// See if the given AnalysisDeclContext is built for a function that we
804   /// should inline, just by looking at the declaration of the function.
805   bool mayInlineDecl(AnalysisDeclContext *ADC) const;
806 
807   /// Checks our policies and decides weither the given call should be inlined.
808   bool shouldInlineCall(const CallEvent &Call, const Decl *D,
809                         const ExplodedNode *Pred,
810                         const EvalCallOptions &CallOpts = {});
811 
812   bool inlineCall(const CallEvent &Call, const Decl *D, NodeBuilder &Bldr,
813                   ExplodedNode *Pred, ProgramStateRef State);
814 
815   /// Conservatively evaluate call by invalidating regions and binding
816   /// a conjured return value.
817   void conservativeEvalCall(const CallEvent &Call, NodeBuilder &Bldr,
818                             ExplodedNode *Pred, ProgramStateRef State);
819 
820   /// Either inline or process the call conservatively (or both), based
821   /// on DynamicDispatchBifurcation data.
822   void BifurcateCall(const MemRegion *BifurReg,
823                      const CallEvent &Call, const Decl *D, NodeBuilder &Bldr,
824                      ExplodedNode *Pred);
825 
826   bool replayWithoutInlining(ExplodedNode *P, const LocationContext *CalleeLC);
827 
828   /// Models a trivial copy or move constructor or trivial assignment operator
829   /// call with a simple bind.
830   void performTrivialCopy(NodeBuilder &Bldr, ExplodedNode *Pred,
831                           const CallEvent &Call);
832 
833   /// If the value of the given expression \p InitWithAdjustments is a NonLoc,
834   /// copy it into a new temporary object region, and replace the value of the
835   /// expression with that.
836   ///
837   /// If \p Result is provided, the new region will be bound to this expression
838   /// instead of \p InitWithAdjustments.
839   ///
840   /// Returns the temporary region with adjustments into the optional
841   /// OutRegionWithAdjustments out-parameter if a new region was indeed needed,
842   /// otherwise sets it to nullptr.
843   ProgramStateRef createTemporaryRegionIfNeeded(
844       ProgramStateRef State, const LocationContext *LC,
845       const Expr *InitWithAdjustments, const Expr *Result = nullptr,
846       const SubRegion **OutRegionWithAdjustments = nullptr);
847 
848   /// Returns a region representing the first element of a (possibly
849   /// multi-dimensional) array, for the purposes of element construction or
850   /// destruction.
851   ///
852   /// On return, \p Ty will be set to the base type of the array.
853   ///
854   /// If the type is not an array type at all, the original value is returned.
855   /// Otherwise the "IsArray" flag is set.
856   static SVal makeZeroElementRegion(ProgramStateRef State, SVal LValue,
857                                     QualType &Ty, bool &IsArray);
858 
859   /// For a DeclStmt or CXXInitCtorInitializer, walk backward in the current CFG
860   /// block to find the constructor expression that directly constructed into
861   /// the storage for this statement. Returns null if the constructor for this
862   /// statement created a temporary object region rather than directly
863   /// constructing into an existing region.
864   const CXXConstructExpr *findDirectConstructorForCurrentCFGElement();
865 
866   /// Common code that handles either a CXXConstructExpr or a
867   /// CXXInheritedCtorInitExpr.
868   void handleConstructor(const Expr *E, ExplodedNode *Pred,
869                          ExplodedNodeSet &Dst);
870 
871 public:
872   /// Note whether this loop has any more iteratios to model. These methods are
873   /// essentially an interface for a GDM trait. Further reading in
874   /// ExprEngine::VisitObjCForCollectionStmt().
875   LLVM_NODISCARD static ProgramStateRef
876   setWhetherHasMoreIteration(ProgramStateRef State,
877                              const ObjCForCollectionStmt *O,
878                              const LocationContext *LC, bool HasMoreIteraton);
879 
880   LLVM_NODISCARD static ProgramStateRef
881   removeIterationState(ProgramStateRef State, const ObjCForCollectionStmt *O,
882                        const LocationContext *LC);
883 
884   LLVM_NODISCARD static bool hasMoreIteration(ProgramStateRef State,
885                                               const ObjCForCollectionStmt *O,
886                                               const LocationContext *LC);
887 private:
888   /// Store the location of a C++ object corresponding to a statement
889   /// until the statement is actually encountered. For example, if a DeclStmt
890   /// has CXXConstructExpr as its initializer, the object would be considered
891   /// to be "under construction" between CXXConstructExpr and DeclStmt.
892   /// This allows, among other things, to keep bindings to variable's fields
893   /// made within the constructor alive until its declaration actually
894   /// goes into scope.
895   static ProgramStateRef
896   addObjectUnderConstruction(ProgramStateRef State,
897                              const ConstructionContextItem &Item,
898                              const LocationContext *LC, SVal V);
899 
900   /// Mark the object sa fully constructed, cleaning up the state trait
901   /// that tracks objects under construction.
902   static ProgramStateRef
903   finishObjectConstruction(ProgramStateRef State,
904                            const ConstructionContextItem &Item,
905                            const LocationContext *LC);
906 
907   /// If the given expression corresponds to a temporary that was used for
908   /// passing into an elidable copy/move constructor and that constructor
909   /// was actually elided, track that we also need to elide the destructor.
910   static ProgramStateRef elideDestructor(ProgramStateRef State,
911                                          const CXXBindTemporaryExpr *BTE,
912                                          const LocationContext *LC);
913 
914   /// Stop tracking the destructor that corresponds to an elided constructor.
915   static ProgramStateRef
916   cleanupElidedDestructor(ProgramStateRef State,
917                           const CXXBindTemporaryExpr *BTE,
918                           const LocationContext *LC);
919 
920   /// Returns true if the given expression corresponds to a temporary that
921   /// was constructed for passing into an elidable copy/move constructor
922   /// and that constructor was actually elided.
923   static bool isDestructorElided(ProgramStateRef State,
924                                  const CXXBindTemporaryExpr *BTE,
925                                  const LocationContext *LC);
926 
927   /// Check if all objects under construction have been fully constructed
928   /// for the given context range (including FromLC, not including ToLC).
929   /// This is useful for assertions. Also checks if elided destructors
930   /// were cleaned up.
931   static bool areAllObjectsFullyConstructed(ProgramStateRef State,
932                                             const LocationContext *FromLC,
933                                             const LocationContext *ToLC);
934 };
935 
936 /// Traits for storing the call processing policy inside GDM.
937 /// The GDM stores the corresponding CallExpr pointer.
938 // FIXME: This does not use the nice trait macros because it must be accessible
939 // from multiple translation units.
940 struct ReplayWithoutInlining{};
941 template <>
942 struct ProgramStateTrait<ReplayWithoutInlining> :
943   public ProgramStatePartialTrait<const void*> {
944   static void *GDMIndex();
945 };
946 
947 } // namespace ento
948 
949 } // namespace clang
950 
951 #endif // LLVM_CLANG_STATICANALYZER_CORE_PATHSENSITIVE_EXPRENGINE_H
952