1 //===- DWARFVerifier.h ----------------------------------------------------===//
2 //
3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6 //
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8 
9 #ifndef LLVM_DEBUGINFO_DWARF_DWARFVERIFIER_H
10 #define LLVM_DEBUGINFO_DWARF_DWARFVERIFIER_H
11 
12 #include "llvm/ADT/Optional.h"
13 #include "llvm/DebugInfo/DIContext.h"
14 #include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFAcceleratorTable.h"
15 #include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFAddressRange.h"
16 #include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFDie.h"
17 #include "llvm/DebugInfo/DWARF/DWARFUnitIndex.h"
18 #include <cstdint>
19 #include <map>
20 #include <set>
21 
22 namespace llvm {
23 class raw_ostream;
24 struct DWARFAddressRange;
25 class DWARFUnit;
26 class DWARFUnitVector;
27 struct DWARFAttribute;
28 class DWARFContext;
29 class DWARFDataExtractor;
30 class DWARFDebugAbbrev;
31 class DataExtractor;
32 struct DWARFSection;
33 
34 /// A class that verifies DWARF debug information given a DWARF Context.
35 class DWARFVerifier {
36 public:
37   /// A class that keeps the address range information for a single DIE.
38   struct DieRangeInfo {
39     DWARFDie Die;
40 
41     /// Sorted DWARFAddressRanges.
42     std::vector<DWARFAddressRange> Ranges;
43 
44     /// Sorted DWARFAddressRangeInfo.
45     std::set<DieRangeInfo> Children;
46 
47     DieRangeInfo() = default;
48     DieRangeInfo(DWARFDie Die) : Die(Die) {}
49 
50     /// Used for unit testing.
51     DieRangeInfo(std::vector<DWARFAddressRange> Ranges)
52         : Ranges(std::move(Ranges)) {}
53 
54     typedef std::set<DieRangeInfo>::const_iterator die_range_info_iterator;
55 
56     /// Inserts the address range. If the range overlaps with an existing
57     /// range, the range that it overlaps with will be returned and the two
58     /// address ranges will be unioned together in "Ranges".
59     ///
60     /// This is used for finding overlapping ranges in the DW_AT_ranges
61     /// attribute of a DIE. It is also used as a set of address ranges that
62     /// children address ranges must all be contained in.
63     Optional<DWARFAddressRange> insert(const DWARFAddressRange &R);
64 
65     /// Inserts the address range info. If any of its ranges overlaps with a
66     /// range in an existing range info, the range info is *not* added and an
67     /// iterator to the overlapping range info.
68     ///
69     /// This is used for finding overlapping children of the same DIE.
70     die_range_info_iterator insert(const DieRangeInfo &RI);
71 
72     /// Return true if ranges in this object contains all ranges within RHS.
73     bool contains(const DieRangeInfo &RHS) const;
74 
75     /// Return true if any range in this object intersects with any range in
76     /// RHS.
77     bool intersects(const DieRangeInfo &RHS) const;
78   };
79 
80 private:
81   raw_ostream &OS;
82   DWARFContext &DCtx;
83   DIDumpOptions DumpOpts;
84   uint32_t NumDebugLineErrors = 0;
85   // Used to relax some checks that do not currently work portably
86   bool IsObjectFile;
87   bool IsMachOObject;
88   using ReferenceMap = std::map<uint64_t, std::set<uint64_t>>;
89 
90   raw_ostream &error() const;
91   raw_ostream &warn() const;
92   raw_ostream &note() const;
93   raw_ostream &dump(const DWARFDie &Die, unsigned indent = 0) const;
94 
95   /// Verifies the abbreviations section.
96   ///
97   /// This function currently checks that:
98   /// --No abbreviation declaration has more than one attributes with the same
99   /// name.
100   ///
101   /// \param Abbrev Pointer to the abbreviations section we are verifying
102   /// Abbrev can be a pointer to either .debug_abbrev or debug_abbrev.dwo.
103   ///
104   /// \returns The number of errors that occurred during verification.
105   unsigned verifyAbbrevSection(const DWARFDebugAbbrev *Abbrev);
106 
107   /// Verifies the header of a unit in a .debug_info or .debug_types section.
108   ///
109   /// This function currently checks for:
110   /// - Unit is in 32-bit DWARF format. The function can be modified to
111   /// support 64-bit format.
112   /// - The DWARF version is valid
113   /// - The unit type is valid (if unit is in version >=5)
114   /// - The unit doesn't extend beyond the containing section
115   /// - The address size is valid
116   /// - The offset in the .debug_abbrev section is valid
117   ///
118   /// \param DebugInfoData The section data
119   /// \param Offset A reference to the offset start of the unit. The offset will
120   /// be updated to point to the next unit in the section
121   /// \param UnitIndex The index of the unit to be verified
122   /// \param UnitType A reference to the type of the unit
123   /// \param isUnitDWARF64 A reference to a flag that shows whether the unit is
124   /// in 64-bit format.
125   ///
126   /// \returns true if the header is verified successfully, false otherwise.
127   bool verifyUnitHeader(const DWARFDataExtractor DebugInfoData,
128                         uint64_t *Offset, unsigned UnitIndex, uint8_t &UnitType,
129                         bool &isUnitDWARF64);
130   bool verifyName(const DWARFDie &Die);
131 
132   /// Verifies the header of a unit in a .debug_info or .debug_types section.
133   ///
134   /// This function currently verifies:
135   ///  - The debug info attributes.
136   ///  - The debug info form=s.
137   ///  - The presence of a root DIE.
138   ///  - That the root DIE is a unit DIE.
139   ///  - If a unit type is provided, that the unit DIE matches the unit type.
140   ///  - The DIE ranges.
141   ///  - That call site entries are only nested within subprograms with a
142   ///    DW_AT_call attribute.
143   ///
144   /// \param Unit      The DWARF Unit to verify.
145   ///
146   /// \returns The number of errors that occurred during verification.
147   unsigned verifyUnitContents(DWARFUnit &Unit,
148                               ReferenceMap &UnitLocalReferences,
149                               ReferenceMap &CrossUnitReferences);
150 
151   /// Verifies the unit headers and contents in a .debug_info or .debug_types
152   /// section.
153   ///
154   /// \param S           The DWARF Section to verify.
155   ///
156   /// \returns The number of errors that occurred during verification.
157   unsigned verifyUnitSection(const DWARFSection &S);
158   unsigned verifyUnits(const DWARFUnitVector &Units);
159 
160   unsigned verifyIndexes(const DWARFObject &DObj);
161   unsigned verifyIndex(StringRef Name, DWARFSectionKind SectionKind,
162                        StringRef Index);
163 
164   /// Verifies that a call site entry is nested within a subprogram with a
165   /// DW_AT_call attribute.
166   ///
167   /// \returns Number of errors that occurred during verification.
168   unsigned verifyDebugInfoCallSite(const DWARFDie &Die);
169 
170   /// Verify that all Die ranges are valid.
171   ///
172   /// This function currently checks for:
173   /// - cases in which lowPC >= highPC
174   ///
175   /// \returns Number of errors that occurred during verification.
176   unsigned verifyDieRanges(const DWARFDie &Die, DieRangeInfo &ParentRI);
177 
178   /// Verifies the attribute's DWARF attribute and its value.
179   ///
180   /// This function currently checks for:
181   /// - DW_AT_ranges values is a valid .debug_ranges offset
182   /// - DW_AT_stmt_list is a valid .debug_line offset
183   ///
184   /// \param Die          The DWARF DIE that owns the attribute value
185   /// \param AttrValue    The DWARF attribute value to check
186   ///
187   /// \returns NumErrors The number of errors occurred during verification of
188   /// attributes' values in a unit
189   unsigned verifyDebugInfoAttribute(const DWARFDie &Die,
190                                     DWARFAttribute &AttrValue);
191 
192   /// Verifies the attribute's DWARF form.
193   ///
194   /// This function currently checks for:
195   /// - All DW_FORM_ref values that are CU relative have valid CU offsets
196   /// - All DW_FORM_ref_addr values have valid section offsets
197   /// - All DW_FORM_strp values have valid .debug_str offsets
198   ///
199   /// \param Die          The DWARF DIE that owns the attribute value
200   /// \param AttrValue    The DWARF attribute value to check
201   ///
202   /// \returns NumErrors The number of errors occurred during verification of
203   /// attributes' forms in a unit
204   unsigned verifyDebugInfoForm(const DWARFDie &Die, DWARFAttribute &AttrValue,
205                                ReferenceMap &UnitLocalReferences,
206                                ReferenceMap &CrossUnitReferences);
207 
208   /// Verifies the all valid references that were found when iterating through
209   /// all of the DIE attributes.
210   ///
211   /// This function will verify that all references point to DIEs whose DIE
212   /// offset matches. This helps to ensure if a DWARF link phase moved things
213   /// around, that it doesn't create invalid references by failing to relocate
214   /// CU relative and absolute references.
215   ///
216   /// \returns NumErrors The number of errors occurred during verification of
217   /// references for the .debug_info and .debug_types sections
218   unsigned verifyDebugInfoReferences(
219       const ReferenceMap &,
220       llvm::function_ref<DWARFUnit *(uint64_t)> GetUnitForDieOffset);
221 
222   /// Verify the DW_AT_stmt_list encoding and value and ensure that no
223   /// compile units that have the same DW_AT_stmt_list value.
224   void verifyDebugLineStmtOffsets();
225 
226   /// Verify that all of the rows in the line table are valid.
227   ///
228   /// This function currently checks for:
229   /// - addresses within a sequence that decrease in value
230   /// - invalid file indexes
231   void verifyDebugLineRows();
232 
233   /// Verify that an Apple-style accelerator table is valid.
234   ///
235   /// This function currently checks that:
236   /// - The fixed part of the header fits in the section
237   /// - The size of the section is as large as what the header describes
238   /// - There is at least one atom
239   /// - The form for each atom is valid
240   /// - The tag for each DIE in the table is valid
241   /// - The buckets have a valid index, or they are empty
242   /// - Each hashdata offset is valid
243   /// - Each DIE is valid
244   ///
245   /// \param AccelSection pointer to the section containing the acceleration table
246   /// \param StrData pointer to the string section
247   /// \param SectionName the name of the table we're verifying
248   ///
249   /// \returns The number of errors occurred during verification
250   unsigned verifyAppleAccelTable(const DWARFSection *AccelSection,
251                                  DataExtractor *StrData,
252                                  const char *SectionName);
253 
254   unsigned verifyDebugNamesCULists(const DWARFDebugNames &AccelTable);
255   unsigned verifyNameIndexBuckets(const DWARFDebugNames::NameIndex &NI,
256                                   const DataExtractor &StrData);
257   unsigned verifyNameIndexAbbrevs(const DWARFDebugNames::NameIndex &NI);
258   unsigned verifyNameIndexAttribute(const DWARFDebugNames::NameIndex &NI,
259                                     const DWARFDebugNames::Abbrev &Abbr,
260                                     DWARFDebugNames::AttributeEncoding AttrEnc);
261   unsigned verifyNameIndexEntries(const DWARFDebugNames::NameIndex &NI,
262                                   const DWARFDebugNames::NameTableEntry &NTE);
263   unsigned verifyNameIndexCompleteness(const DWARFDie &Die,
264                                        const DWARFDebugNames::NameIndex &NI);
265 
266   /// Verify that the DWARF v5 accelerator table is valid.
267   ///
268   /// This function currently checks that:
269   /// - Headers individual Name Indices fit into the section and can be parsed.
270   /// - Abbreviation tables can be parsed and contain valid index attributes
271   ///   with correct form encodings.
272   /// - The CU lists reference existing compile units.
273   /// - The buckets have a valid index, or they are empty.
274   /// - All names are reachable via the hash table (they have the correct hash,
275   ///   and the hash is in the correct bucket).
276   /// - Information in the index entries is complete (all required entries are
277   ///   present) and consistent with the debug_info section DIEs.
278   ///
279   /// \param AccelSection section containing the acceleration table
280   /// \param StrData string section
281   ///
282   /// \returns The number of errors occurred during verification
283   unsigned verifyDebugNames(const DWARFSection &AccelSection,
284                             const DataExtractor &StrData);
285 
286 public:
287   DWARFVerifier(raw_ostream &S, DWARFContext &D,
288                 DIDumpOptions DumpOpts = DIDumpOptions::getForSingleDIE());
289 
290   /// Verify the information in any of the following sections, if available:
291   /// .debug_abbrev, debug_abbrev.dwo
292   ///
293   /// Any errors are reported to the stream that was this object was
294   /// constructed with.
295   ///
296   /// \returns true if .debug_abbrev and .debug_abbrev.dwo verify successfully,
297   /// false otherwise.
298   bool handleDebugAbbrev();
299 
300   /// Verify the information in the .debug_info and .debug_types sections.
301   ///
302   /// Any errors are reported to the stream that this object was
303   /// constructed with.
304   ///
305   /// \returns true if all sections verify successfully, false otherwise.
306   bool handleDebugInfo();
307 
308   /// Verify the information in the .debug_cu_index section.
309   ///
310   /// Any errors are reported to the stream that was this object was
311   /// constructed with.
312   ///
313   /// \returns true if the .debug_cu_index verifies successfully, false
314   /// otherwise.
315   bool handleDebugCUIndex();
316 
317   /// Verify the information in the .debug_tu_index section.
318   ///
319   /// Any errors are reported to the stream that was this object was
320   /// constructed with.
321   ///
322   /// \returns true if the .debug_tu_index verifies successfully, false
323   /// otherwise.
324   bool handleDebugTUIndex();
325 
326   /// Verify the information in the .debug_line section.
327   ///
328   /// Any errors are reported to the stream that was this object was
329   /// constructed with.
330   ///
331   /// \returns true if the .debug_line verifies successfully, false otherwise.
332   bool handleDebugLine();
333 
334   /// Verify the information in accelerator tables, if they exist.
335   ///
336   /// Any errors are reported to the stream that was this object was
337   /// constructed with.
338   ///
339   /// \returns true if the existing Apple-style accelerator tables verify
340   /// successfully, false otherwise.
341   bool handleAccelTables();
342 };
343 
344 static inline bool operator<(const DWARFVerifier::DieRangeInfo &LHS,
345                              const DWARFVerifier::DieRangeInfo &RHS) {
346   return std::tie(LHS.Ranges, LHS.Die) < std::tie(RHS.Ranges, RHS.Die);
347 }
348 
349 } // end namespace llvm
350 
351 #endif // LLVM_DEBUGINFO_DWARF_DWARFVERIFIER_H
352