11315084cSEdwin Groothuis# <pre> 21315084cSEdwin Groothuis# @(#)antarctica 8.7 31315084cSEdwin Groothuis# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 41315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 51315084cSEdwin Groothuis 61315084cSEdwin Groothuis# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): 71315084cSEdwin Groothuis# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see 81315084cSEdwin Groothuis# <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/"> 91315084cSEdwin Groothuis# COMNAP - Stations and Bases 101315084cSEdwin Groothuis# </a> 111315084cSEdwin Groothuis# and 121315084cSEdwin Groothuis# <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm"> 131315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) 141315084cSEdwin Groothuis# </a> 151315084cSEdwin Groothuis# for information. 161315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. 171315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 181315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Except for the French entries, 191315084cSEdwin Groothuis# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome! 201315084cSEdwin Groothuis# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. 211315084cSEdwin Groothuis 221315084cSEdwin Groothuis# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 231315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 241315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule RussAQ 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 251315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule RussAQ 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 261315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule RussAQ 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 271315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule RussAQ 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 281315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule RussAQ 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 291315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule RussAQ 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 301315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule RussAQ 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 311315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule RussAQ 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 321315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule RussAQ 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 331315084cSEdwin Groothuis 341315084cSEdwin Groothuis# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. 351315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 361315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - 371315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S 381315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 - 391315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 401315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 411315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S 421315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - 431315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 441315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 451315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 - 461315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 471315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S 481315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 491315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 - 501315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S 511315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 521315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 531315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 - 541315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 551315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S 561315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 - 571315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 581315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 591315084cSEdwin Groothuis 601315084cSEdwin Groothuis 611315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Argentina - year-round bases 621315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 631315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 641315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 651315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 661315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 671315084cSEdwin Groothuis# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21 681315084cSEdwin Groothuis# (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) 691315084cSEdwin Groothuis 701315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Australia - territories 711315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) 721315084cSEdwin Groothuis# previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered 731315084cSEdwin Groothuis# <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 741315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Margaret Turner reports 751315084cSEdwin Groothuis# </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST; 761315084cSEdwin Groothuis# presumably this is when they have visitors. 771315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 781315084cSEdwin Groothuis# year-round bases 791315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 801315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 811315084cSEdwin Groothuis# (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) 821315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 831315084cSEdwin Groothuis 841315084cSEdwin Groothuis# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11): 851315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone: 861315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11 871315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5 881315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5 891315084cSEdwin Groothuis# The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times). 901315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 911315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division) 921315084cSEdwin Groothuis# <a href="http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079"> 931315084cSEdwin Groothuis# http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079 941315084cSEdwin Groothuis# </a> 951315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 961315084cSEdwin Groothuis# We have more background information here: 971315084cSEdwin Groothuis# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html"> 981315084cSEdwin Groothuis# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html 991315084cSEdwin Groothuis# </a> 1001315084cSEdwin Groothuis 1011315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1021315084cSEdwin GroothuisZone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969 1031315084cSEdwin Groothuis 8:00 - WST 2009 Oct 18 2:00 1041315084cSEdwin Groothuis # Western (Aus) Standard Time 1051315084cSEdwin Groothuis 11:00 - CAST # Casey Time 1061315084cSEdwin GroothuisZone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13 1071315084cSEdwin Groothuis 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time 1081315084cSEdwin Groothuis 0 - zzz 1969 Feb 1091315084cSEdwin Groothuis 7:00 - DAVT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 1101315084cSEdwin Groothuis 5:00 - DAVT 1111315084cSEdwin GroothuisZone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13 1121315084cSEdwin Groothuis 6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 1131315084cSEdwin Groothuis # Mawson Time 1141315084cSEdwin Groothuis 5:00 - MAWT 1151315084cSEdwin Groothuis# References: 1161315084cSEdwin Groothuis# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html"> 1171315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Casey Weather (1998-02-26) 1181315084cSEdwin Groothuis# </a> 1191315084cSEdwin Groothuis# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html"> 1201315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) 1211315084cSEdwin Groothuis# </a> 1221315084cSEdwin Groothuis# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html"> 1231315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) 1241315084cSEdwin Groothuis# </a> 1251315084cSEdwin Groothuis 1261315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Brazil - year-round base 1271315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4 1281315084cSEdwin Groothuis 1291315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Chile - year-round bases and towns 1301315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 1311315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07 1321315084cSEdwin Groothuis# General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 1331315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941 1341315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09 1351315084cSEdwin Groothuis# These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'. 1361315084cSEdwin Groothuis 1371315084cSEdwin Groothuis# China - year-round bases 1381315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20 1391315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26 1401315084cSEdwin Groothuis 1411315084cSEdwin Groothuis# France - year-round bases 1421315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 1431315084cSEdwin Groothuis# From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20): 1441315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP 1451315084cSEdwin Groothuis# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). 1461315084cSEdwin Groothuis# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases 1471315084cSEdwin Groothuis# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came 1481315084cSEdwin Groothuis# from Tasmania. 1491315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 1501315084cSEdwin Groothuis# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants 1511315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 1521315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 1531315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 1541315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; 1551315084cSEdwin Groothuis# whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 1561315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 1571315084cSEdwin Groothuis# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited 1581315084cSEdwin Groothuis# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 1591315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 1601315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1611315084cSEdwin GroothuisZone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais 1621315084cSEdwin Groothuis 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time 1631315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 1641315084cSEdwin Groothuis# year-round base in the main continent 1651315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 1661315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 1671315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 1681315084cSEdwin Groothuis# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 1691315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 1701315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1711315084cSEdwin GroothuisZone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947 1721315084cSEdwin Groothuis 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time 1731315084cSEdwin Groothuis 0 - zzz 1956 Nov 1741315084cSEdwin Groothuis 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time 1751315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Reference: 1761315084cSEdwin Groothuis# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station"> 1771315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05) 1781315084cSEdwin Groothuis# </a> 1791315084cSEdwin Groothuis 1801315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Germany - year-round base 1811315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815 1821315084cSEdwin Groothuis 1831315084cSEdwin Groothuis# India - year-round base 1841315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200 1851315084cSEdwin Groothuis 1861315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Japan - year-round bases 1871315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Dome Fuji, -7719+03942 1881315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Syowa, -690022+0393524 1891315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 1901315084cSEdwin Groothuis# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): 1911315084cSEdwin Groothuis# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. 1921315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 1931315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, 1941315084cSEdwin Groothuis# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main 1951315084cSEdwin Groothuis# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. 1961315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1971315084cSEdwin GroothuisZone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29 1981315084cSEdwin Groothuis 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time 1991315084cSEdwin Groothuis# See: 2001315084cSEdwin Groothuis# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html"> 2011315084cSEdwin Groothuis# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) 2021315084cSEdwin Groothuis# </a> 2031315084cSEdwin Groothuis 2041315084cSEdwin Groothuis# S Korea - year-round base 2051315084cSEdwin Groothuis# King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988 2061315084cSEdwin Groothuis 2071315084cSEdwin Groothuis# New Zealand - claims 2081315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Balleny Islands (never inhabited) 2091315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Scott Island (never inhabited) 2101315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 2111315084cSEdwin Groothuis# year-round base 2121315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. 2131315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 2141315084cSEdwin Groothuis# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file. 2151315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2161315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 2171315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 2181315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 2191315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule NZAQ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 2201315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 2211315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 2221315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule NZAQ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 2231315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule NZAQ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 2241315084cSEdwin GroothuisRule NZAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 2251315084cSEdwin Groothuis 2261315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Norway - territories 2271315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Bouvet (never inhabited) 2281315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 2291315084cSEdwin Groothuis# claims 2301315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Peter I Island (never inhabited) 2311315084cSEdwin Groothuis 2321315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Poland - year-round base 2331315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 2341315084cSEdwin Groothuis 2351315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Russia - year-round bases 2361315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 2371315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02 2381315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551, 2391315084cSEdwin Groothuis# year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01 2401315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150, 2411315084cSEdwin Groothuis# year-round from 1960/61 to 1992 2421315084cSEdwin Groothuis 2431315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 2441315084cSEdwin Groothuis# <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP"> 2451315084cSEdwin Groothuis# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>: 2461315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same 2471315084cSEdwin Groothuis# time as Moscow, Russia. 2481315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 2491315084cSEdwin Groothuis# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): 2501315084cSEdwin Groothuis# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is 2511315084cSEdwin Groothuis# what they had to say about time there: 2521315084cSEdwin Groothuis# ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) 2531315084cSEdwin Groothuis# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was 2541315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead 2551315084cSEdwin Groothuis# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The 2561315084cSEdwin Groothuis# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.'' 2571315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 2581315084cSEdwin Groothuis# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): 2591315084cSEdwin Groothuis# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it 2601315084cSEdwin Groothuis# in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local 2611315084cSEdwin Groothuis# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this 2621315084cSEdwin Groothuis# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean 2631315084cSEdwin Groothuis# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks 2641315084cSEdwin Groothuis# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time 2651315084cSEdwin Groothuis# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6. 2661315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 2671315084cSEdwin GroothuisZone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16 2681315084cSEdwin Groothuis 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time 2691315084cSEdwin Groothuis 2701315084cSEdwin Groothuis# S Africa - year-round bases 2711315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Marion Island, -4653+03752 2721315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Sanae, -7141-00250 2731315084cSEdwin Groothuis 2741315084cSEdwin Groothuis# UK 2751315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 2761315084cSEdwin Groothuis# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims 2771315084cSEdwin Groothuis# South Orkney Islands 2781315084cSEdwin Groothuis# scientific station from 1903 2791315084cSEdwin Groothuis# whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 2801315084cSEdwin Groothuis# South Shetland Islands 2811315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 2821315084cSEdwin Groothuis# year-round bases 2831315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983 2841315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931, 2851315084cSEdwin Groothuis# scientific station 1943/1967, 2861315084cSEdwin Groothuis# previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, 2871315084cSEdwin Groothuis# and a garrison was deployed briefly 2881315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06 2891315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated 2901315084cSEdwin Groothuis# so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location. 2911315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 2921315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 2931315084cSEdwin Groothuis# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22) 2941315084cSEdwin Groothuis# <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year. 2951315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 2961315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2971315084cSEdwin GroothuisZone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1 2981315084cSEdwin Groothuis -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time 2991315084cSEdwin Groothuis 3001315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Uruguay - year round base 3011315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 3021315084cSEdwin Groothuis 3031315084cSEdwin Groothuis# USA - year-round bases 3041315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 3051315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) 3061315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 3071315084cSEdwin Groothuis# From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06): 3081315084cSEdwin Groothuis# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us 3091315084cSEdwin Groothuis# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... 3101315084cSEdwin Groothuis# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, 3111315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, 3121315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. 3131315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 3141315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3151315084cSEdwin GroothuisZone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965 3161315084cSEdwin Groothuis -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 3171315084cSEdwin Groothuis -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May 3181315084cSEdwin Groothuis -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT 3191315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 3201315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 3211315084cSEdwin Groothuis# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 3221315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3231315084cSEdwin GroothuisZone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956 3241315084cSEdwin Groothuis 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT 3251315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 3261315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20 3271315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 3281315084cSEdwin Groothuis# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 3291315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the 3301315084cSEdwin Groothuis# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit. 3311315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 3321315084cSEdwin Groothuis# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27): 3331315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, 3341315084cSEdwin Groothuis# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, 3351315084cSEdwin Groothuis# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 3361315084cSEdwin Groothuis# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, 3371315084cSEdwin Groothuis# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year 3381315084cSEdwin Groothuis# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) 3391315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 3401315084cSEdwin Groothuis# From Susan Smith 3411315084cSEdwin Groothuis# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html 3421315084cSEdwin Groothuis# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): 3431315084cSEdwin Groothuis# We use the same time as McMurdo does. 3441315084cSEdwin Groothuis# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... 3451315084cSEdwin Groothuis# One last quirk about South Pole time. 3461315084cSEdwin Groothuis# All the electric clocks are usually wrong. 3471315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something 3481315084cSEdwin Groothuis# makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, 3491315084cSEdwin Groothuis# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. 3501315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! 3511315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 3521315084cSEdwin GroothuisLink Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole 353