11315084cSEdwin Groothuis# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 21315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 31315084cSEdwin Groothuis 41315084cSEdwin Groothuis# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): 51315084cSEdwin Groothuis# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see 61315084cSEdwin Groothuis# COMNAP - Stations and Bases 77ce0f064SEdwin Groothuis# http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/ 81315084cSEdwin Groothuis# and 91315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) 107ce0f064SEdwin Groothuis# http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm 111315084cSEdwin Groothuis# for information. 121315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. 138fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin 148fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin# FORMAT is '-00' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. 151315084cSEdwin Groothuis 161315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Argentina - year-round bases 171315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 18eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# Carlini, Potter Cove, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 19eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# Esperanza, Hope Bay, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 20eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# Marambio, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 211315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 22eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# San Martín, Barry I, -6808-06706, since 1951-03-21 231315084cSEdwin Groothuis# (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) 241315084cSEdwin Groothuis 251315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Australia - territories 261315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) 271315084cSEdwin Groothuis# previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered 281315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Margaret Turner reports 297ce0f064SEdwin Groothuis# http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html 308fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin# (1999-09-30) that they're UT +05, with no DST; 311315084cSEdwin Groothuis# presumably this is when they have visitors. 321315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 331315084cSEdwin Groothuis# year-round bases 341315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 351315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 361315084cSEdwin Groothuis# (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) 371315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 381315084cSEdwin Groothuis 391315084cSEdwin Groothuis# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11): 401315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone: 411315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11 421315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5 431315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5 441315084cSEdwin Groothuis# The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times). 451315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 461315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division) 471315084cSEdwin Groothuis# http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079 481315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 491315084cSEdwin Groothuis# We have more background information here: 501315084cSEdwin Groothuis# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html 511315084cSEdwin Groothuis 5274fd35aaSEdwin Groothuis# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 53b1fd06c7SEdwin Groothuis# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: ... 5474fd35aaSEdwin Groothuis# 5574fd35aaSEdwin Groothuis# - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010. 5674fd35aaSEdwin Groothuis# The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but 5774fd35aaSEdwin Groothuis# has not been decided yet. 5874fd35aaSEdwin Groothuis# 5974fd35aaSEdwin Groothuis# - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010 6074fd35aaSEdwin Groothuis# 20:00 UTC. 6174fd35aaSEdwin Groothuis# 6274fd35aaSEdwin Groothuis# - Mawson station stays on UTC+5. 6374fd35aaSEdwin Groothuis# 6474fd35aaSEdwin Groothuis# Background: 6574fd35aaSEdwin Groothuis# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html 6674fd35aaSEdwin Groothuis 67ba2b2efdSGlen Barber# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-10-28): 68ba2b2efdSGlen Barber# Australian Antarctica Division informed us that Casey changed time 69ba2b2efdSGlen Barber# zone to UTC+11 in "the morning of 22nd October 2016". 70ba2b2efdSGlen Barber 711315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 728fdf5721SBaptiste DaroussinZone Antarctica/Casey 0 - -00 1969 738fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin 8:00 - +08 2009 Oct 18 2:00 748fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin 11:00 - +11 2010 Mar 5 2:00 758fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin 8:00 - +08 2011 Oct 28 2:00 768fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin 11:00 - +11 2012 Feb 21 17:00u 77ba2b2efdSGlen Barber 8:00 - +08 2016 Oct 22 78ba2b2efdSGlen Barber 11:00 - +11 798fdf5721SBaptiste DaroussinZone Antarctica/Davis 0 - -00 1957 Jan 13 808fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin 7:00 - +07 1964 Nov 818fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin 0 - -00 1969 Feb 828fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin 7:00 - +07 2009 Oct 18 2:00 838fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin 5:00 - +05 2010 Mar 10 20:00u 848fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin 7:00 - +07 2011 Oct 28 2:00 858fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin 5:00 - +05 2012 Feb 21 20:00u 868fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin 7:00 - +07 878fdf5721SBaptiste DaroussinZone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - -00 1954 Feb 13 888fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin 6:00 - +06 2009 Oct 18 2:00 898fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin 5:00 - +05 901315084cSEdwin Groothuis# References: 911315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Casey Weather (1998-02-26) 927ce0f064SEdwin Groothuis# http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html 931315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) 947ce0f064SEdwin Groothuis# http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html 951315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) 967ce0f064SEdwin Groothuis# http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html 97eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov 98eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# Belgium - year-round base 99eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# Princess Elisabeth, Queen Maud Land, -713412+0231200, since 2007 1001315084cSEdwin Groothuis 1011315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Brazil - year-round base 102eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4 103eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov 104eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# Bulgaria - year-round base 105eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# St. Kliment Ohridski, Livingston Island, -623829-0602153, since 1988 1061315084cSEdwin Groothuis 1071315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Chile - year-round bases and towns 1081315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 109eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# Frei Montalva, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07 110eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 111eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# Prat, -6230-05941 1121315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09 1131315084cSEdwin Groothuis# These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'. 1141315084cSEdwin Groothuis 1151315084cSEdwin Groothuis# China - year-round bases 1161315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20 1171315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26 1181315084cSEdwin Groothuis 119eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# France - year-round bases (also see "France & Italy") 1201315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 1211315084cSEdwin Groothuis# From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20): 1227ce0f064SEdwin Groothuis# Time data entries are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP 1231315084cSEdwin Groothuis# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). 124eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adélie bases 125eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adélie supplies came 1261315084cSEdwin Groothuis# from Tasmania. 1271315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 1281315084cSEdwin Groothuis# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants 1291315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 130eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# Alfred Faure, Possession Island, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964; 131eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# sealing & whaling stations operated variously 1802/1911+; 132eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# see Indian/Reunion. 133eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# 134eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# Martin-de-Viviès, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 135eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# Port-aux-Français, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; 1361315084cSEdwin Groothuis# whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 1371315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 1381315084cSEdwin Groothuis# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited 1391315084cSEdwin Groothuis# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 1401315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 1411315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1428fdf5721SBaptiste DaroussinZone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - -00 1950 # Port-aux-Français 1438fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin 5:00 - +05 1441315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 1451315084cSEdwin Groothuis# year-round base in the main continent 146eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 147eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station> (2005-12-05) 1481315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 1491315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 1501315084cSEdwin Groothuis# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 1511315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 1521315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1538fdf5721SBaptiste DaroussinZone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - -00 1947 1548fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin 10:00 - +10 1952 Jan 14 1558fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin 0 - -00 1956 Nov 1568fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin 10:00 - +10 157eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov 158eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# France & Italy - year-round base 159eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# Concordia, -750600+1232000, since 2005 1601315084cSEdwin Groothuis 1611315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Germany - year-round base 162eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# Neumayer III, -704080-0081602, since 2009 1631315084cSEdwin Groothuis 164eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# India - year-round bases 165eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# Bharati, -692428+0761114, since 2012 166eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# Maitri, -704558+0114356, since 1989 167eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov 168eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# Italy - year-round base (also see "France & Italy") 169eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# Zuchelli, Terra Nova Bay, -744140+1640647, since 1986 1701315084cSEdwin Groothuis 1711315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Japan - year-round bases 172eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# Syowa (also known as Showa), -690022+0393524, since 1957 1731315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 1741315084cSEdwin Groothuis# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): 1751315084cSEdwin Groothuis# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. 1761315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 1771315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, 1781315084cSEdwin Groothuis# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main 1791315084cSEdwin Groothuis# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. 1801315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1818fdf5721SBaptiste DaroussinZone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - -00 1957 Jan 29 1828fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin 3:00 - +03 1831315084cSEdwin Groothuis# See: 1841315084cSEdwin Groothuis# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) 1857ce0f064SEdwin Groothuis# http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html 1861315084cSEdwin Groothuis 1871315084cSEdwin Groothuis# S Korea - year-round base 188eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# Jang Bogo, Terra Nova Bay, -743700+1641205 since 2014 1891315084cSEdwin Groothuis# King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988 1901315084cSEdwin Groothuis 1911315084cSEdwin Groothuis# New Zealand - claims 1921315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Balleny Islands (never inhabited) 1931315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Scott Island (never inhabited) 1941315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 1951315084cSEdwin Groothuis# year-round base 196c26a5802SEdwin Groothuis# Scott Base, Ross Island, since 1957-01. 197c26a5802SEdwin Groothuis# See Pacific/Auckland. 1981315084cSEdwin Groothuis 1991315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Norway - territories 2001315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Bouvet (never inhabited) 2011315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 2021315084cSEdwin Groothuis# claims 2031315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Peter I Island (never inhabited) 204bf5a54b2SEdwin Groothuis# 205bf5a54b2SEdwin Groothuis# year-round base 206bf5a54b2SEdwin Groothuis# Troll, Queen Maud Land, -720041+0023206, since 2005-02-12 207bf5a54b2SEdwin Groothuis# 208bf5a54b2SEdwin Groothuis# From Paul-Inge Flakstad (2014-03-10): 209bf5a54b2SEdwin Groothuis# I recently had a long dialog about this with the developer of timegenie.com. 210bf5a54b2SEdwin Groothuis# In the absence of specific dates, he decided to choose some likely ones: 211bf5a54b2SEdwin Groothuis# GMT +1 - From March 1 to the last Sunday in March 212bf5a54b2SEdwin Groothuis# GMT +2 - From the last Sunday in March until the last Sunday in October 213bf5a54b2SEdwin Groothuis# GMT +1 - From the last Sunday in October until November 7 214bf5a54b2SEdwin Groothuis# GMT +0 - From November 7 until March 1 215bf5a54b2SEdwin Groothuis# The dates for switching to and from UTC+0 will probably not be absolutely 216bf5a54b2SEdwin Groothuis# correct, but they should be quite close to the actual dates. 217bf5a54b2SEdwin Groothuis# 218bf5a54b2SEdwin Groothuis# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-21): 2198fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin# The CET-switching Troll rules require zic from tz 2014b or later, so as 220bf5a54b2SEdwin Groothuis# suggested by Bengt-Inge Larsson comment them out for now, and approximate 221bf5a54b2SEdwin Groothuis# with only UTC and CEST. Uncomment them when 2014b is more prevalent. 222bf5a54b2SEdwin Groothuis# 223bf5a54b2SEdwin Groothuis# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2248fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin#Rule Troll 2005 max - Mar 1 1:00u 1:00 +01 2258fdf5721SBaptiste DaroussinRule Troll 2005 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 2:00 +02 2268fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin#Rule Troll 2005 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 1:00 +01 2278fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin#Rule Troll 2004 max - Nov 7 1:00u 0:00 +00 228bf5a54b2SEdwin Groothuis# Remove the following line when uncommenting the above '#Rule' lines. 2298fdf5721SBaptiste DaroussinRule Troll 2004 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0:00 +00 230bf5a54b2SEdwin Groothuis# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2318fdf5721SBaptiste DaroussinZone Antarctica/Troll 0 - -00 2005 Feb 12 232bf5a54b2SEdwin Groothuis 0:00 Troll %s 2331315084cSEdwin Groothuis 2341315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Poland - year-round base 2351315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 2361315084cSEdwin Groothuis 237eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# Romania - year-bound base 238eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# Law-Racoviță, Larsemann Hills, -692319+0762251, since 1986 239eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov 2401315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Russia - year-round bases 2411315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 2421315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02 2431315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551, 2441315084cSEdwin Groothuis# year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01 2451315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150, 2461315084cSEdwin Groothuis# year-round from 1960/61 to 1992 2471315084cSEdwin Groothuis 2481315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 2497ce0f064SEdwin Groothuis# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15): 2507ce0f064SEdwin Groothuis# http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP 2511315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same 2521315084cSEdwin Groothuis# time as Moscow, Russia. 2531315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 2541315084cSEdwin Groothuis# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): 2551315084cSEdwin Groothuis# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is 2561315084cSEdwin Groothuis# what they had to say about time there: 257c26a5802SEdwin Groothuis# "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) 2581315084cSEdwin Groothuis# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was 2591315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead 2601315084cSEdwin Groothuis# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The 261c26a5802SEdwin Groothuis# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT." 2621315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 2631315084cSEdwin Groothuis# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): 2641315084cSEdwin Groothuis# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it 265eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# in person. He said that some Antarctic locations set their local 2661315084cSEdwin Groothuis# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this 2671315084cSEdwin Groothuis# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean 2681315084cSEdwin Groothuis# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks 2691315084cSEdwin Groothuis# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time 2708fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess +06. 2711315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 2728fdf5721SBaptiste DaroussinZone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - -00 1957 Dec 16 2738fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin 6:00 - +06 2741315084cSEdwin Groothuis 2751315084cSEdwin Groothuis# S Africa - year-round bases 2761315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Marion Island, -4653+03752 277eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# SANAE IV, Vesleskarvet, Queen Maud Land, -714022-0025026, since 1997 2781315084cSEdwin Groothuis 279eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# Ukraine - year-round base 280eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# Vernadsky (formerly Faraday), Galindez Island, -651445-0641526, since 1954 281eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov 282eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# United Kingdom 2831315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 2841315084cSEdwin Groothuis# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims 2851315084cSEdwin Groothuis# South Orkney Islands 2861315084cSEdwin Groothuis# scientific station from 1903 2871315084cSEdwin Groothuis# whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 2881315084cSEdwin Groothuis# South Shetland Islands 2891315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 2901315084cSEdwin Groothuis# year-round bases 2911315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983 2921315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931, 2931315084cSEdwin Groothuis# scientific station 1943/1967, 2941315084cSEdwin Groothuis# previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, 2951315084cSEdwin Groothuis# and a garrison was deployed briefly 2961315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06 2971315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated 2981315084cSEdwin Groothuis# so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location. 2991315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 3001315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 3011315084cSEdwin Groothuis# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22) 3021315084cSEdwin Groothuis# <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year. 3031315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 3041315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3058fdf5721SBaptiste DaroussinZone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - -00 1976 Dec 1 3068fdf5721SBaptiste Daroussin -3:00 - -03 3071315084cSEdwin Groothuis 3081315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Uruguay - year round base 3091315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 3101315084cSEdwin Groothuis 3111315084cSEdwin Groothuis# USA - year-round bases 3121315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 3131315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) 3149f23d940SEdwin Groothuis# See 'southamerica' for Antarctica/Palmer, since it uses South American DST. 3151315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 316c26a5802SEdwin Groothuis# McMurdo Station, Ross Island, since 1955-12 317c26a5802SEdwin Groothuis# Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20 3181315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 3191315084cSEdwin Groothuis# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27): 3201315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, 3211315084cSEdwin Groothuis# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, 3221315084cSEdwin Groothuis# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 3231315084cSEdwin Groothuis# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, 3241315084cSEdwin Groothuis# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year 325eb1c1a05SSergey Kandaurov# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 Degrees South.) 3261315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 3271315084cSEdwin Groothuis# From Susan Smith 3281315084cSEdwin Groothuis# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html 3291315084cSEdwin Groothuis# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): 3301315084cSEdwin Groothuis# We use the same time as McMurdo does. 3311315084cSEdwin Groothuis# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... 3321315084cSEdwin Groothuis# One last quirk about South Pole time. 3331315084cSEdwin Groothuis# All the electric clocks are usually wrong. 3341315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something 3351315084cSEdwin Groothuis# makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, 3361315084cSEdwin Groothuis# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. 3371315084cSEdwin Groothuis# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! 3381315084cSEdwin Groothuis# 339c26a5802SEdwin Groothuis# See 'australasia' for Antarctica/McMurdo. 340