xref: /freebsd/share/doc/papers/sysperf/a1.t (revision 61e21613) 
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.nr H2 1

..


..
.bp

\s+2Appendix A - Benchmark sources\s-2


The programs shown here run under 4.2 with only routines
from the standard libraries. When run under 4.1 they were augmented
with a getpagesize routine and a copy of the random
function from the C library. The vforks and vexecs
programs are constructed from the forks and execs programs,
respectively, by substituting calls to fork with calls to
vfork.

syscall


.vS
/*
 * System call overhead benchmark.
 */
main(argc, argv)
 char *argv[];
{
 register int ncalls;

 if (argc < 2) {
 printf("usage: %s #syscalls\n", argv[0]);
 exit(1);
 }
 ncalls = atoi(argv[1]);
 while (ncalls-- > 0)
 (void) getpid();
}
.vE

csw


.vS
/*
 * Context switching benchmark.
 *
 * Force system to context switch 2*nsigs
 * times by forking and exchanging signals.
 * To calculate system overhead for a context
 * switch, the signocsw program must be run
 * with nsigs. Overhead is then estimated by
 * t1 = time csw <n>
 * t2 = time signocsw <n>
 * overhead = t1 - 2 * t2;
 */
#include <signal.h>

int sigsub();
int otherpid;
int nsigs;

main(argc, argv)
 char *argv[];
{
 int pid;

 if (argc < 2) {
 printf("usage: %s nsignals\n", argv[0]);
 exit(1);
 }
 nsigs = atoi(argv[1]);
 signal(SIGALRM, sigsub);
 otherpid = getpid();
 pid = fork();
 if (pid != 0) {
 otherpid = pid;
 kill(otherpid, SIGALRM);
 }
 for (;;)
 sigpause(0);
}

sigsub()
{

 signal(SIGALRM, sigsub);
 kill(otherpid, SIGALRM);
 if (--nsigs <= 0)
 exit(0);
}
.vE

signocsw


.vS
/*
 * Signal without context switch benchmark.
 */
#include <signal.h>

int pid;
int nsigs;
int sigsub();

main(argc, argv)
 char *argv[];
{
 register int i;

 if (argc < 2) {
 printf("usage: %s nsignals\n", argv[0]);
 exit(1);
 }
 nsigs = atoi(argv[1]);
 signal(SIGALRM, sigsub);
 pid = getpid();
 for (i = 0; i < nsigs; i++)
 kill(pid, SIGALRM);
}

sigsub()
{

 signal(SIGALRM, sigsub);
}
.vE

pipeself


.vS
/*
 * IPC benchmark,
 * write to self using pipes.
 */

main(argc, argv)
 char *argv[];
{
 char buf[512];
 int fd[2], msgsize;
 register int i, iter;

 if (argc < 3) {
 printf("usage: %s iterations message-size\n", argv[0]);
 exit(1);
 }
 argc--, argv++;
 iter = atoi(*argv);
 argc--, argv++;
 msgsize = atoi(*argv);
 if (msgsize > sizeof (buf) || msgsize <= 0) {
 printf("%s: Bad message size.\n", *argv);
 exit(2);
 }
 if (pipe(fd) < 0) {
 perror("pipe");
 exit(3);
 }
 for (i = 0; i < iter; i++) {
 write(fd[1], buf, msgsize);
 read(fd[0], buf, msgsize);
 }
}
.vE

pipediscard


.vS
/*
 * IPC benchmarkl,
 * write and discard using pipes.
 */

main(argc, argv)
 char *argv[];
{
 char buf[512];
 int fd[2], msgsize;
 register int i, iter;

 if (argc < 3) {
 printf("usage: %s iterations message-size\n", argv[0]);
 exit(1);
 }
 argc--, argv++;
 iter = atoi(*argv);
 argc--, argv++;
 msgsize = atoi(*argv);
 if (msgsize > sizeof (buf) || msgsize <= 0) {
 printf("%s: Bad message size.\n", *argv);
 exit(2);
 }
 if (pipe(fd) < 0) {
 perror("pipe");
 exit(3);
 }
 if (fork() == 0)
 for (i = 0; i < iter; i++)
 read(fd[0], buf, msgsize);
 else
 for (i = 0; i < iter; i++)
 write(fd[1], buf, msgsize);
}
.vE

pipeback


.vS
/*
 * IPC benchmark,
 * read and reply using pipes.
 *
 * Process forks and exchanges messages
 * over a pipe in a request-response fashion.
 */

main(argc, argv)
 char *argv[];
{
 char buf[512];
 int fd[2], fd2[2], msgsize;
 register int i, iter;

 if (argc < 3) {
 printf("usage: %s iterations message-size\n", argv[0]);
 exit(1);
 }
 argc--, argv++;
 iter = atoi(*argv);
 argc--, argv++;
 msgsize = atoi(*argv);
 if (msgsize > sizeof (buf) || msgsize <= 0) {
 printf("%s: Bad message size.\n", *argv);
 exit(2);
 }
 if (pipe(fd) < 0) {
 perror("pipe");
 exit(3);
 }
 if (pipe(fd2) < 0) {
 perror("pipe");
 exit(3);
 }
 if (fork() == 0)
 for (i = 0; i < iter; i++) {
 read(fd[0], buf, msgsize);
 write(fd2[1], buf, msgsize);
 }
 else
 for (i = 0; i < iter; i++) {
 write(fd[1], buf, msgsize);
 read(fd2[0], buf, msgsize);
 }
}
.vE

forks


.vS
/*
 * Benchmark program to calculate fork+wait
 * overhead (approximately). Process
 * forks and exits while parent waits.
 * The time to run this program is used
 * in calculating exec overhead.
 */

main(argc, argv)
 char *argv[];
{
 register int nforks, i;
 char *cp;
 int pid, child, status, brksize;

 if (argc < 2) {
 printf("usage: %s number-of-forks sbrk-size\n", argv[0]);
 exit(1);
 }
 nforks = atoi(argv[1]);
 if (nforks < 0) {
 printf("%s: bad number of forks\n", argv[1]);
 exit(2);
 }
 brksize = atoi(argv[2]);
 if (brksize < 0) {
 printf("%s: bad size to sbrk\n", argv[2]);
 exit(3);
 }
 cp = (char *)sbrk(brksize);
 if ((int)cp == -1) {
 perror("sbrk");
 exit(4);
 }
 for (i = 0; i < brksize; i += 1024)
 cp[i] = i;
 while (nforks-- > 0) {
 child = fork();
 if (child == -1) {
 perror("fork");
 exit(-1);
 }
 if (child == 0)
 _exit(-1);
 while ((pid = wait(&status)) != -1 && pid != child)
 ;
 }
 exit(0);
}
.vE

execs


.vS
/*
 * Benchmark program to calculate exec
 * overhead (approximately). Process
 * forks and execs "null" test program.
 * The time to run the fork program should
 * then be deducted from this one to
 * estimate the overhead for the exec.
 */

main(argc, argv)
 char *argv[];
{
 register int nexecs, i;
 char *cp, *sbrk();
 int pid, child, status, brksize;

 if (argc < 3) {
 printf("usage: %s number-of-execs sbrk-size job-name\n",
 argv[0]);
 exit(1);
 }
 nexecs = atoi(argv[1]);
 if (nexecs < 0) {
 printf("%s: bad number of execs\n", argv[1]);
 exit(2);
 }
 brksize = atoi(argv[2]);
 if (brksize < 0) {
 printf("%s: bad size to sbrk\n", argv[2]);
 exit(3);
 }
 cp = sbrk(brksize);
 if ((int)cp == -1) {
 perror("sbrk");
 exit(4);
 }
 for (i = 0; i < brksize; i += 1024)
 cp[i] = i;
 while (nexecs-- > 0) {
 child = fork();
 if (child == -1) {
 perror("fork");
 exit(-1);
 }
 if (child == 0) {
 execv(argv[3], argv);
 perror("execv");
 _exit(-1);
 }
 while ((pid = wait(&status)) != -1 && pid != child)
 ;
 }
 exit(0);
}
.vE

nulljob


.vS
/*
 * Benchmark "null job" program.
 */

main(argc, argv)
 char *argv[];
{

 exit(0);
}
.vE

bigjob


.vS
/*
 * Benchmark "null big job" program.
 */
/* 250 here is intended to approximate vi's text+data size */
char space[1024 * 250] = "force into data segment";

main(argc, argv)
 char *argv[];
{

 exit(0);
}
.vE
.bp

seqpage


.vS
/*
 * Sequential page access benchmark.
 */
#include <sys/vadvise.h>

char *valloc();

main(argc, argv)
 char *argv[];
{
 register i, niter;
 register char *pf, *lastpage;
 int npages = 4096, pagesize, vflag = 0;
 char *pages, *name;

 name = argv[0];
 argc--, argv++;
again:
 if (argc < 1) {
usage:
 printf("usage: %s [ -v ] [ -p #pages ] niter\n", name);
 exit(1);
 }
 if (strcmp(*argv, "-p") == 0) {
 argc--, argv++;
 if (argc < 1)
 goto usage;
 npages = atoi(*argv);
 if (npages <= 0) {
 printf("%s: Bad page count.\n", *argv);
 exit(2);
 }
 argc--, argv++;
 goto again;
 }
 if (strcmp(*argv, "-v") == 0) {
 argc--, argv++;
 vflag++;
 goto again;
 }
 niter = atoi(*argv);
 pagesize = getpagesize();
 pages = valloc(npages * pagesize);
 if (pages == (char *)0) {
 printf("Can't allocate %d pages (%2.1f megabytes).\n",
 npages, (npages * pagesize) / (1024. * 1024.));
 exit(3);
 }
 lastpage = pages + (npages * pagesize);
 if (vflag)
 vadvise(VA_SEQL);
 for (i = 0; i < niter; i++)
 for (pf = pages; pf < lastpage; pf += pagesize)
 *pf = 1;
}
.vE

randpage


.vS
/*
 * Random page access benchmark.
 */
#include <sys/vadvise.h>

char *valloc();
int rand();

main(argc, argv)
 char *argv[];
{
 register int npages = 4096, pagesize, pn, i, niter;
 int vflag = 0, debug = 0;
 char *pages, *name;

 name = argv[0];
 argc--, argv++;
again:
 if (argc < 1) {
usage:
 printf("usage: %s [ -d ] [ -v ] [ -p #pages ] niter\n", name);
 exit(1);
 }
 if (strcmp(*argv, "-p") == 0) {
 argc--, argv++;
 if (argc < 1)
 goto usage;
 npages = atoi(*argv);
 if (npages <= 0) {
 printf("%s: Bad page count.\n", *argv);
 exit(2);
 }
 argc--, argv++;
 goto again;
 }
 if (strcmp(*argv, "-v") == 0) {
 argc--, argv++;
 vflag++;
 goto again;
 }
 if (strcmp(*argv, "-d") == 0) {
 argc--, argv++;
 debug++;
 goto again;
 }
 niter = atoi(*argv);
 pagesize = getpagesize();
 pages = valloc(npages * pagesize);
 if (pages == (char *)0) {
 printf("Can't allocate %d pages (%2.1f megabytes).\n",
 npages, (npages * pagesize) / (1024. * 1024.));
 exit(3);
 }
 if (vflag)
 vadvise(VA_ANOM);
 for (i = 0; i < niter; i++) {
 pn = random() % npages;
 if (debug)
 printf("touch page %d\n", pn);
 pages[pagesize * pn] = 1;
 }
}
.vE

gausspage


.vS
/*
 * Random page access with
 * a gaussian distribution.
 *
 * Allocate a large (zero fill on demand) address
 * space and fault the pages in a random gaussian
 * order.
 */

float sqrt(), log(), rnd(), cos(), gauss();
char *valloc();
int rand();

main(argc, argv)
 char *argv[];
{
 register int pn, i, niter, delta;
 register char *pages;
 float sd = 10.0;
 int npages = 4096, pagesize, debug = 0;
 char *name;

 name = argv[0];
 argc--, argv++;
again:
 if (argc < 1) {
usage:
 printf(
"usage: %s [ -d ] [ -p #pages ] [ -s standard-deviation ] iterations\n", name);
 exit(1);
 }
 if (strcmp(*argv, "-s") == 0) {
 argc--, argv++;
 if (argc < 1)
 goto usage;
 sscanf(*argv, "%f", &sd);
 if (sd <= 0) {
 printf("%s: Bad standard deviation.\n", *argv);
 exit(2);
 }
 argc--, argv++;
 goto again;
 }
 if (strcmp(*argv, "-p") == 0) {
 argc--, argv++;
 if (argc < 1)
 goto usage;
 npages = atoi(*argv);
 if (npages <= 0) {
 printf("%s: Bad page count.\n", *argv);
 exit(2);
 }
 argc--, argv++;
 goto again;
 }
 if (strcmp(*argv, "-d") == 0) {
 argc--, argv++;
 debug++;
 goto again;
 }
 niter = atoi(*argv);
 pagesize = getpagesize();
 pages = valloc(npages*pagesize);
 if (pages == (char *)0) {
 printf("Can't allocate %d pages (%2.1f megabytes).\n",
 npages, (npages*pagesize) / (1024. * 1024.));
 exit(3);
 }
 pn = 0;
 for (i = 0; i < niter; i++) {
 delta = gauss(sd, 0.0);
 while (pn + delta < 0 || pn + delta > npages)
 delta = gauss(sd, 0.0);
 pn += delta;
 if (debug)
 printf("touch page %d\n", pn);
 else
 pages[pn * pagesize] = 1;
 }
}

float
gauss(sd, mean)
 float sd, mean;
{
 register float qa, qb;

 qa = sqrt(log(rnd()) * -2.0);
 qb = 3.14159 * rnd();
 return (qa * cos(qb) * sd + mean);
}

float
rnd()
{
 static int seed = 1;
 static int biggest = 0x7fffffff;

 return ((float)rand(seed) / (float)biggest);
}
.vE