1.\" 2.\" Copyright (c) 2003 S�ren Schmidt <sos@FreeBSD.org> 3.\" All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7.\" are met: 8.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer, 10.\" without modification, immediately at the beginning of the file. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products 15.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission. 16.\" 17.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES 19.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 20.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 21.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 22.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 23.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 24.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 25.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF 26.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.\" $FreeBSD$ 29.\" 30.Dd July 3, 2010 31.Dt ATA 4 32.Os 33.Sh NAME 34.Nm ata , 35.Nm ar , 36.Nm acd , 37.Nm ad , 38.Nm afd , 39.Nm ast 40.Nd generic ATA/ATAPI disk controller driver 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42For ISA based ATA/ATAPI support: 43.Cd device isa 44.Cd device ata 45.Pp 46In 47.Pa /boot/device.hints : 48.Cd hint.ata.0.at="isa" 49.Cd hint.ata.0.port="0x1f0" 50.Cd hint.ata.0.irq="14" 51.Cd hint.ata.1.at="isa" 52.Cd hint.ata.1.port="0x170" 53.Cd hint.ata.1.irq="15" 54.Pp 55For PC98 based ATA/ATAPI support: 56.Cd device isa 57.Cd device ata 58.Pp 59In 60.Pa /boot/device.hints : 61.Cd hint.atacbus.0.at="isa" 62.Cd hint.atacbus.0.port="0x640" 63.Cd hint.atacbus.0.irq="9" 64.Pp 65For PCI based ATA/ATAPI support: 66.Cd device pci 67.Cd device ata 68.Pp 69To support ATA compliant disk drives: 70.Cd device atadisk 71.Pp 72To support ATA software RAID's: 73.Cd device ataraid 74.Pp 75To support ATAPI CDROM, DVD and CD/DVD burner drives: 76.Cd device atapicd 77.Pp 78To support ATAPI floppy drives: 79.Cd device atapifd 80.Pp 81To support ATAPI tape drives: 82.Cd device atapist 83.Pp 84To turn 85.Xr ata 4 86subsystem controller drivers into cam(4) interface modules (disables all native 87.Xr ata 4 88APIs and peripheral drivers): 89.Cd options ATA_CAM 90.Pp 91The following tunables are settable from the loader: 92.Bl -ohang 93.It Va hw.ata.ata_dma 94set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA). 95.It Va hw.ata.ata_dma_check_80pin 96set to 0 to disable the 80pin cable check (default is 1, check the cable) 97.It Va hw.ata.atapi_dma 98set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA). 99.It Va hw.ata.wc 100set to 1 to enable Write Caching, 0 to disable (default is enabled). 101.Em WARNING : 102can cause data loss on power failures and crashes. 103.It Va hint.atapci.X.msi 104set to 1 to allow Message Signalled Interrupts (MSI) to be used by 105specified PCI ATA controller, if supported. 106.It Va hint.ata.X.devX.mode 107limits initial ATA mode for specified device on specified channel. 108.It Va hint.ata.X.mode 109limits initial ATA mode for every device on specified channel. 110.It Va hint.ata.X.pm_level 111controls SATA interface Power Management for specified channel, 112allowing to save some power by the cost of additional command latency. 113Possible values: 114.Bl -tag -compact 115.It 0 116interface Power Management is disabled, default value. 117.It 1 118device is allowed to initiate PM state change, host is passive. 119.It 2 120host initiates PARTIAL PM state transition every time port becomes idle. 121.It 3 122host initiates SLUMBER PM state transition every time port becomes idle. 123.El 124Modes 2 and 3 are implemented only for AHCI driver now. 125.El 126.Sh DESCRIPTION 127The 128.Nm 129driver provides access to ATA (IDE) and SerialATA disk drives, 130ATAPI CDROM/DVD drives, ZIP/LS120 ATAPI drives and ATAPI tape drives 131connected to controllers according to the ATA/ATAPI standards. 132.Pp 133The currently supported ATA/SATA controller chips are: 134.Pp 135.Bl -tag -width "Silicon Image:" -compact 136.It Acard: 137ATP850P, ATP860A, ATP860R, ATP865A, ATP865R. 138.It ALI: 139M5228, M5229, M5281, M5283, M5287, M5288, M5289. 140.It AMD: 141AMD756, AMD766, AMD768, AMD8111, CS5536. 142.It ATI: 143IXP200, IXP300, IXP400, IXP600, IXP700, IXP800. 144.It CMD: 145CMD646, CMD646U2, CMD648, CMD649. 146.It Cypress: 147Cypress 82C693. 148.It Cyrix: 149Cyrix 5530. 150.It HighPoint: 151HPT302, HPT366, HPT368, HPT370, HPT371, HPT372, HPT372N, HPT374. 152.It Intel: 1536300ESB, 31244, PIIX, PIIX3, PIIX4, ESB2, ICH, ICH0, ICH2, ICH3, ICH4, ICH5, 154ICH6, ICH7, ICH8, ICH9, ICH10, SCH, PCH. 155.It ITE: 156IT8211F, IT8212F, IT8213F. 157.It JMicron: 158JMB360, JMB361, JMB363, JMB365, JMB366, JMB368. 159.It Marvell 16088SX5040, 88SX5041, 88SX5080, 88SX5081, 88SX6041, 88SX6042, 88SX6081, 88SX6101, 16188SX6102, 88SX6111, 88SX6121, 88SX6141, 88SX6145, 88SX7042. 162.It National: 163SC1100. 164.It NetCell: 165NC3000, NC5000. 166.It nVidia: 167nForce, nForce2, nForce2 MCP, nForce3, nForce3 MCP, nForce3 Pro, nForce4, 168MCP51, MCP55, MCP61, MCP65, MCP67, MCP73, MCP77, MCP79, MCP89. 169.It Promise: 170PDC20246, PDC20262, PDC20263, PDC20265, PDC20267, PDC20268, PDC20269, PDC20270, 171PDC20271, PDC20275, PDC20276, PDC20277, PDC20318, PDC20319, PDC20371, PDC20375, 172PDC20376, PDC20377, PDC20378, PDC20379, PDC20571, PDC20575, PDC20579, PDC20580, 173PDC20617, PDC20618, PDC20619, PDC20620, PDC20621, PDC20622, PDC40518, PDC40519, 174PDC40718, PDC40719. 175.It ServerWorks: 176HT1000, ROSB4, CSB5, CSB6, K2, Frodo4, Frodo8. 177.It Silicon Image: 178SiI0680, SiI3112, SiI3114, SiI3124, SiI3132, SiI3512. 179.It SiS: 180SIS180, SIS181, SIS182, SIS5513, SIS530, SIS540, SIS550, SIS620, SIS630, 181SIS630S, SIS633, SIS635, SIS730, SIS733, SIS735, SIS745, SIS961, SIS962, 182SIS963, SIS964, SIS965. 183.It VIA: 184VT6410, VT6420, VT6421, VT82C586, VT82C586B, VT82C596, VT82C596B, VT82C686, 185VT82C686A, VT82C686B, VT8231, VT8233, VT8233A, VT8233C, VT8235, VT8237, 186VT8237A, VT8237S, VT8251, CX700, VX800, VX855, VX900. 187.El 188.Pp 189Unknown ATA chipsets are supported in PIO modes, and if the standard 190busmaster DMA registers are present and contain valid setup, DMA is 191also enabled, although the max mode is limited to UDMA33, as it is 192not known what the chipset can do and how to program it. 193.Pp 194The 195.Nm 196driver can change the transfer mode and various other parameters 197when the system is up and running. 198See 199.Xr atacontrol 8 . 200.Pp 201The 202.Nm 203driver sets the maximum transfer mode supported by the hardware as default. 204However the 205.Nm 206driver sometimes warns: 207.Dq Sy "DMA limited to UDMA33, non-ATA66 cable or device". 208This means that 209the 210.Nm 211driver has detected that the required 80 conductor cable is not present 212or could not be detected properly, 213or that one of the devices on the channel only accepts up 214to UDMA2/ATA33. 215The 216.Va hw.ata.ata_dma_check_80pin 217tunable can be set to 0 to disable this check. 218.Pp 219Unknown ATAPI devices are initialized to DMA mode if the 220.Va hw.ata.atapi_dma 221tunable is set to 1 and they support at least UDMA33 transfers. 222Otherwise they are set to PIO mode because severe DMA problems are 223common even if the device capabilities indicate support. 224You can always try to set DMA mode on an ATAPI device using 225.Xr atacontrol 8 , 226but be aware that your hardware might 227.Em not 228support it and can potentially 229.Em hang 230the entire system causing data loss. 231.Pp 232The 233.Nm acd 234driver implements most of the 235.Fn ioctl 236requests documented by 237.Xr cd 4 . 238.Sh FILES 239.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC" -compact 240.It Pa /dev/ad* 241ATA disk device nodes 242.It Pa /dev/ar* 243ATA RAID device nodes 244.It Pa /dev/acd* 245ATAPI CD-ROM device nodes 246.It Pa /dev/afd* 247ATAPI floppy drive device nodes 248.It Pa /dev/ast* 249ATAPI tape drive device nodes 250.It Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC 251sample generic kernel config file for 252.Nm 253based systems 254.El 255.Sh NOTES 256Please remember that in order to use UDMA4/ATA66 and above modes you 257.Em must 258use 80 conductor cables. 259Please assure that ribbon cables are no longer than 45cm. 260In case of rounded ATA cables, the length depends on the 261quality of the cables. 262SATA cables can be up to 1m long according to the specification. 263.Pp 264Static device numbering 265(enabled with the 266.Dv ATA_STATIC_ID 267kernel option) 268reserves a number for each possibly connected disk, 269even when not present. 270This is useful in hotswap scenarios 271where disks should always show up as the same numbered device, 272and not depend on attach order. 273.Pp 274Native Command Queuing (NCQ) on SATA drives is not yet supported. 275.Sh SEE ALSO 276.Xr ahci 4 , 277.Xr cam 4 , 278.Xr ataraid 4 , 279.Xr atacontrol 8 , 280.Xr burncd 8 , 281.Xr cd 4 , 282.Xr siis 4 283.Sh HISTORY 284The 285.Nm 286driver first appeared in 287.Fx 4.0 . 288.Sh AUTHORS 289.An S\(/oren Schmidt 290.Aq sos@FreeBSD.org . 291