xref: /freebsd/sys/amd64/amd64/vm_machdep.c (revision c7b02135)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-4-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986 The Regents of the University of California.
5  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1990 William Jolitz
6  * Copyright (c) 1994 John Dyson
7  * All rights reserved.
8  *
9  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
10  * the Systems Programming Group of the University of Utah Computer
11  * Science Department, and William Jolitz.
12  *
13  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
14  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
15  * are met:
16  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
17  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
18  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
19  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
20  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
21  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
22  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
23  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
24  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
25  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
26  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
27  *    without specific prior written permission.
28  *
29  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
30  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
31  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
32  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
33  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
34  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
35  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
36  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
37  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
38  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
39  * SUCH DAMAGE.
40  *
41  *	from: @(#)vm_machdep.c	7.3 (Berkeley) 5/13/91
42  *	Utah $Hdr: vm_machdep.c 1.16.1.1 89/06/23$
43  */
44 
45 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
46 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
47 
48 #include "opt_isa.h"
49 #include "opt_cpu.h"
50 
51 #include <sys/param.h>
52 #include <sys/systm.h>
53 #include <sys/bio.h>
54 #include <sys/buf.h>
55 #include <sys/kernel.h>
56 #include <sys/ktr.h>
57 #include <sys/lock.h>
58 #include <sys/malloc.h>
59 #include <sys/mbuf.h>
60 #include <sys/mutex.h>
61 #include <sys/priv.h>
62 #include <sys/proc.h>
63 #include <sys/procctl.h>
64 #include <sys/smp.h>
65 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
66 #include <sys/sysent.h>
67 #include <sys/unistd.h>
68 #include <sys/vnode.h>
69 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
70 #include <sys/wait.h>
71 
72 #include <machine/cpu.h>
73 #include <machine/md_var.h>
74 #include <machine/pcb.h>
75 #include <machine/smp.h>
76 #include <machine/specialreg.h>
77 #include <machine/tss.h>
78 
79 #include <vm/vm.h>
80 #include <vm/vm_extern.h>
81 #include <vm/vm_kern.h>
82 #include <vm/vm_page.h>
83 #include <vm/vm_map.h>
84 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
85 
86 _Static_assert(OFFSETOF_MONITORBUF == offsetof(struct pcpu, pc_monitorbuf),
87     "OFFSETOF_MONITORBUF does not correspond with offset of pc_monitorbuf.");
88 
89 void
90 set_top_of_stack_td(struct thread *td)
91 {
92 	td->td_md.md_stack_base = td->td_kstack +
93 	    td->td_kstack_pages * PAGE_SIZE -
94 	    roundup2(cpu_max_ext_state_size, XSAVE_AREA_ALIGN);
95 }
96 
97 struct savefpu *
98 get_pcb_user_save_td(struct thread *td)
99 {
100 	vm_offset_t p;
101 
102 	p = td->td_md.md_stack_base;
103 	KASSERT((p % XSAVE_AREA_ALIGN) == 0,
104 	    ("Unaligned pcb_user_save area ptr %#lx td %p", p, td));
105 	return ((struct savefpu *)p);
106 }
107 
108 struct pcb *
109 get_pcb_td(struct thread *td)
110 {
111 
112 	return (&td->td_md.md_pcb);
113 }
114 
115 struct savefpu *
116 get_pcb_user_save_pcb(struct pcb *pcb)
117 {
118 	struct thread *td;
119 
120 	td = __containerof(pcb, struct thread, td_md.md_pcb);
121 	return (get_pcb_user_save_td(td));
122 }
123 
124 void *
125 alloc_fpusave(int flags)
126 {
127 	void *res;
128 	struct savefpu_ymm *sf;
129 
130 	res = malloc(cpu_max_ext_state_size, M_DEVBUF, flags);
131 	if (use_xsave) {
132 		sf = (struct savefpu_ymm *)res;
133 		bzero(&sf->sv_xstate.sx_hd, sizeof(sf->sv_xstate.sx_hd));
134 		sf->sv_xstate.sx_hd.xstate_bv = xsave_mask;
135 	}
136 	return (res);
137 }
138 
139 /*
140  * Finish a fork operation, with process p2 nearly set up.
141  * Copy and update the pcb, set up the stack so that the child
142  * ready to run and return to user mode.
143  */
144 void
145 cpu_fork(struct thread *td1, struct proc *p2, struct thread *td2, int flags)
146 {
147 	struct proc *p1;
148 	struct pcb *pcb2;
149 	struct mdproc *mdp1, *mdp2;
150 	struct proc_ldt *pldt;
151 
152 	p1 = td1->td_proc;
153 	if ((flags & RFPROC) == 0) {
154 		if ((flags & RFMEM) == 0) {
155 			/* unshare user LDT */
156 			mdp1 = &p1->p_md;
157 			mtx_lock(&dt_lock);
158 			if ((pldt = mdp1->md_ldt) != NULL &&
159 			    pldt->ldt_refcnt > 1 &&
160 			    user_ldt_alloc(p1, 1) == NULL)
161 				panic("could not copy LDT");
162 			mtx_unlock(&dt_lock);
163 		}
164 		return;
165 	}
166 
167 	/* Ensure that td1's pcb is up to date for user processes. */
168 	if ((td2->td_pflags & TDP_KTHREAD) == 0) {
169 		MPASS(td1 == curthread);
170 		fpuexit(td1);
171 		update_pcb_bases(td1->td_pcb);
172 	}
173 
174 	/* Point the stack and pcb to the actual location */
175 	set_top_of_stack_td(td2);
176 	td2->td_pcb = pcb2 = get_pcb_td(td2);
177 
178 	/* Copy td1's pcb */
179 	bcopy(td1->td_pcb, pcb2, sizeof(*pcb2));
180 
181 	/* Properly initialize pcb_save */
182 	pcb2->pcb_save = get_pcb_user_save_pcb(pcb2);
183 
184 	/* Kernel processes start with clean FPU and segment bases. */
185 	if ((td2->td_pflags & TDP_KTHREAD) != 0) {
186 		pcb2->pcb_fsbase = 0;
187 		pcb2->pcb_gsbase = 0;
188 		clear_pcb_flags(pcb2, PCB_FPUINITDONE | PCB_USERFPUINITDONE |
189 		    PCB_KERNFPU | PCB_KERNFPU_THR);
190 	} else {
191 		MPASS((pcb2->pcb_flags & (PCB_KERNFPU | PCB_KERNFPU_THR)) == 0);
192 		bcopy(get_pcb_user_save_td(td1), get_pcb_user_save_pcb(pcb2),
193 		    cpu_max_ext_state_size);
194 	}
195 
196 	/* Point mdproc and then copy over td1's contents */
197 	mdp2 = &p2->p_md;
198 	bcopy(&p1->p_md, mdp2, sizeof(*mdp2));
199 
200 	/*
201 	 * Create a new fresh stack for the new process.
202 	 * Copy the trap frame for the return to user mode as if from a
203 	 * syscall.  This copies most of the user mode register values.
204 	 */
205 	td2->td_frame = (struct trapframe *)td2->td_md.md_stack_base - 1;
206 	bcopy(td1->td_frame, td2->td_frame, sizeof(struct trapframe));
207 
208 	td2->td_frame->tf_rax = 0;		/* Child returns zero */
209 	td2->td_frame->tf_rflags &= ~PSL_C;	/* success */
210 	td2->td_frame->tf_rdx = 1;
211 
212 	/*
213 	 * If the parent process has the trap bit set (i.e. a debugger
214 	 * had single stepped the process to the system call), we need
215 	 * to clear the trap flag from the new frame.
216 	 */
217 	td2->td_frame->tf_rflags &= ~PSL_T;
218 
219 	/*
220 	 * Set registers for trampoline to user mode.  Leave space for the
221 	 * return address on stack.  These are the kernel mode register values.
222 	 */
223 	pcb2->pcb_r12 = (register_t)fork_return;	/* fork_trampoline argument */
224 	pcb2->pcb_rbp = 0;
225 	pcb2->pcb_rsp = (register_t)td2->td_frame - sizeof(void *);
226 	pcb2->pcb_rbx = (register_t)td2;		/* fork_trampoline argument */
227 	pcb2->pcb_rip = (register_t)fork_trampoline;
228 	/*-
229 	 * pcb2->pcb_dr*:	cloned above.
230 	 * pcb2->pcb_savefpu:	cloned above.
231 	 * pcb2->pcb_flags:	cloned above.
232 	 * pcb2->pcb_onfault:	cloned above (always NULL here?).
233 	 * pcb2->pcb_[fg]sbase:	cloned above
234 	 */
235 
236 	/* Setup to release spin count in fork_exit(). */
237 	td2->td_md.md_spinlock_count = 1;
238 	td2->td_md.md_saved_flags = PSL_KERNEL | PSL_I;
239 	pmap_thread_init_invl_gen(td2);
240 
241 	/* As an i386, do not copy io permission bitmap. */
242 	pcb2->pcb_tssp = NULL;
243 
244 	/* New segment registers. */
245 	set_pcb_flags_raw(pcb2, PCB_FULL_IRET);
246 
247 	/* Copy the LDT, if necessary. */
248 	mdp1 = &td1->td_proc->p_md;
249 	mdp2 = &p2->p_md;
250 	if (mdp1->md_ldt == NULL) {
251 		mdp2->md_ldt = NULL;
252 		return;
253 	}
254 	mtx_lock(&dt_lock);
255 	if (mdp1->md_ldt != NULL) {
256 		if (flags & RFMEM) {
257 			mdp1->md_ldt->ldt_refcnt++;
258 			mdp2->md_ldt = mdp1->md_ldt;
259 			bcopy(&mdp1->md_ldt_sd, &mdp2->md_ldt_sd, sizeof(struct
260 			    system_segment_descriptor));
261 		} else {
262 			mdp2->md_ldt = NULL;
263 			mdp2->md_ldt = user_ldt_alloc(p2, 0);
264 			if (mdp2->md_ldt == NULL)
265 				panic("could not copy LDT");
266 			amd64_set_ldt_data(td2, 0, max_ldt_segment,
267 			    (struct user_segment_descriptor *)
268 			    mdp1->md_ldt->ldt_base);
269 		}
270 	} else
271 		mdp2->md_ldt = NULL;
272 	mtx_unlock(&dt_lock);
273 
274 	/*
275 	 * Now, cpu_switch() can schedule the new process.
276 	 * pcb_rsp is loaded pointing to the cpu_switch() stack frame
277 	 * containing the return address when exiting cpu_switch.
278 	 * This will normally be to fork_trampoline(), which will have
279 	 * %ebx loaded with the new proc's pointer.  fork_trampoline()
280 	 * will set up a stack to call fork_return(p, frame); to complete
281 	 * the return to user-mode.
282 	 */
283 }
284 
285 /*
286  * Intercept the return address from a freshly forked process that has NOT
287  * been scheduled yet.
288  *
289  * This is needed to make kernel threads stay in kernel mode.
290  */
291 void
292 cpu_fork_kthread_handler(struct thread *td, void (*func)(void *), void *arg)
293 {
294 	/*
295 	 * Note that the trap frame follows the args, so the function
296 	 * is really called like this:  func(arg, frame);
297 	 */
298 	td->td_pcb->pcb_r12 = (long) func;	/* function */
299 	td->td_pcb->pcb_rbx = (long) arg;	/* first arg */
300 }
301 
302 void
303 cpu_exit(struct thread *td)
304 {
305 
306 	/*
307 	 * If this process has a custom LDT, release it.
308 	 */
309 	if (td->td_proc->p_md.md_ldt != NULL)
310 		user_ldt_free(td);
311 }
312 
313 void
314 cpu_thread_exit(struct thread *td)
315 {
316 	struct pcb *pcb;
317 
318 	critical_enter();
319 	if (td == PCPU_GET(fpcurthread))
320 		fpudrop();
321 	critical_exit();
322 
323 	pcb = td->td_pcb;
324 
325 	/* Disable any hardware breakpoints. */
326 	if (pcb->pcb_flags & PCB_DBREGS) {
327 		reset_dbregs();
328 		clear_pcb_flags(pcb, PCB_DBREGS);
329 	}
330 }
331 
332 void
333 cpu_thread_clean(struct thread *td)
334 {
335 	struct pcb *pcb;
336 
337 	pcb = td->td_pcb;
338 
339 	/*
340 	 * Clean TSS/iomap
341 	 */
342 	if (pcb->pcb_tssp != NULL) {
343 		pmap_pti_remove_kva((vm_offset_t)pcb->pcb_tssp,
344 		    (vm_offset_t)pcb->pcb_tssp + ctob(IOPAGES + 1));
345 		kmem_free((vm_offset_t)pcb->pcb_tssp, ctob(IOPAGES + 1));
346 		pcb->pcb_tssp = NULL;
347 	}
348 }
349 
350 void
351 cpu_thread_swapin(struct thread *td)
352 {
353 }
354 
355 void
356 cpu_thread_swapout(struct thread *td)
357 {
358 }
359 
360 void
361 cpu_thread_alloc(struct thread *td)
362 {
363 	struct pcb *pcb;
364 	struct xstate_hdr *xhdr;
365 
366 	set_top_of_stack_td(td);
367 	td->td_pcb = pcb = get_pcb_td(td);
368 	td->td_frame = (struct trapframe *)td->td_md.md_stack_base - 1;
369 	pcb->pcb_save = get_pcb_user_save_pcb(pcb);
370 	if (use_xsave) {
371 		xhdr = (struct xstate_hdr *)(pcb->pcb_save + 1);
372 		bzero(xhdr, sizeof(*xhdr));
373 		xhdr->xstate_bv = xsave_mask;
374 	}
375 }
376 
377 void
378 cpu_thread_free(struct thread *td)
379 {
380 
381 	cpu_thread_clean(td);
382 }
383 
384 bool
385 cpu_exec_vmspace_reuse(struct proc *p, vm_map_t map)
386 {
387 
388 	return (((curproc->p_md.md_flags & P_MD_KPTI) != 0) ==
389 	    (vm_map_pmap(map)->pm_ucr3 != PMAP_NO_CR3));
390 }
391 
392 static void
393 cpu_procctl_kpti_ctl(struct proc *p, int val)
394 {
395 
396 	if (pti && val == PROC_KPTI_CTL_ENABLE_ON_EXEC)
397 		p->p_md.md_flags |= P_MD_KPTI;
398 	if (val == PROC_KPTI_CTL_DISABLE_ON_EXEC)
399 		p->p_md.md_flags &= ~P_MD_KPTI;
400 }
401 
402 static void
403 cpu_procctl_kpti_status(struct proc *p, int *val)
404 {
405 	*val = (p->p_md.md_flags & P_MD_KPTI) != 0 ?
406 	    PROC_KPTI_CTL_ENABLE_ON_EXEC:
407 	    PROC_KPTI_CTL_DISABLE_ON_EXEC;
408 	if (vmspace_pmap(p->p_vmspace)->pm_ucr3 != PMAP_NO_CR3)
409 		*val |= PROC_KPTI_STATUS_ACTIVE;
410 }
411 
412 static int
413 cpu_procctl_la_ctl(struct proc *p, int val)
414 {
415 	int error;
416 
417 	error = 0;
418 	switch (val) {
419 	case PROC_LA_CTL_LA48_ON_EXEC:
420 		p->p_md.md_flags |= P_MD_LA48;
421 		p->p_md.md_flags &= ~P_MD_LA57;
422 		break;
423 	case PROC_LA_CTL_LA57_ON_EXEC:
424 		if (la57) {
425 			p->p_md.md_flags &= ~P_MD_LA48;
426 			p->p_md.md_flags |= P_MD_LA57;
427 		} else {
428 			error = ENOTSUP;
429 		}
430 		break;
431 	case PROC_LA_CTL_DEFAULT_ON_EXEC:
432 		p->p_md.md_flags &= ~(P_MD_LA48 | P_MD_LA57);
433 		break;
434 	}
435 	return (error);
436 }
437 
438 static void
439 cpu_procctl_la_status(struct proc *p, int *val)
440 {
441 	int res;
442 
443 	if ((p->p_md.md_flags & P_MD_LA48) != 0)
444 		res = PROC_LA_CTL_LA48_ON_EXEC;
445 	else if ((p->p_md.md_flags & P_MD_LA57) != 0)
446 		res = PROC_LA_CTL_LA57_ON_EXEC;
447 	else
448 		res = PROC_LA_CTL_DEFAULT_ON_EXEC;
449 	if (p->p_sysent->sv_maxuser == VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS_LA48)
450 		res |= PROC_LA_STATUS_LA48;
451 	else
452 		res |= PROC_LA_STATUS_LA57;
453 	*val = res;
454 }
455 
456 int
457 cpu_procctl(struct thread *td, int idtype, id_t id, int com, void *data)
458 {
459 	struct proc *p;
460 	int error, val;
461 
462 	switch (com) {
463 	case PROC_KPTI_CTL:
464 	case PROC_KPTI_STATUS:
465 	case PROC_LA_CTL:
466 	case PROC_LA_STATUS:
467 		if (idtype != P_PID) {
468 			error = EINVAL;
469 			break;
470 		}
471 		if (com == PROC_KPTI_CTL) {
472 			/* sad but true and not a joke */
473 			error = priv_check(td, PRIV_IO);
474 			if (error != 0)
475 				break;
476 		}
477 		if (com == PROC_KPTI_CTL || com == PROC_LA_CTL) {
478 			error = copyin(data, &val, sizeof(val));
479 			if (error != 0)
480 				break;
481 		}
482 		if (com == PROC_KPTI_CTL &&
483 		    val != PROC_KPTI_CTL_ENABLE_ON_EXEC &&
484 		    val != PROC_KPTI_CTL_DISABLE_ON_EXEC) {
485 			error = EINVAL;
486 			break;
487 		}
488 		if (com == PROC_LA_CTL &&
489 		    val != PROC_LA_CTL_LA48_ON_EXEC &&
490 		    val != PROC_LA_CTL_LA57_ON_EXEC &&
491 		    val != PROC_LA_CTL_DEFAULT_ON_EXEC) {
492 			error = EINVAL;
493 			break;
494 		}
495 		error = pget(id, PGET_CANSEE | PGET_NOTWEXIT | PGET_NOTID, &p);
496 		if (error != 0)
497 			break;
498 		switch (com) {
499 		case PROC_KPTI_CTL:
500 			cpu_procctl_kpti_ctl(p, val);
501 			break;
502 		case PROC_KPTI_STATUS:
503 			cpu_procctl_kpti_status(p, &val);
504 			break;
505 		case PROC_LA_CTL:
506 			error = cpu_procctl_la_ctl(p, val);
507 			break;
508 		case PROC_LA_STATUS:
509 			cpu_procctl_la_status(p, &val);
510 			break;
511 		}
512 		PROC_UNLOCK(p);
513 		if (com == PROC_KPTI_STATUS || com == PROC_LA_STATUS)
514 			error = copyout(&val, data, sizeof(val));
515 		break;
516 	default:
517 		error = EINVAL;
518 		break;
519 	}
520 	return (error);
521 }
522 
523 void
524 cpu_set_syscall_retval(struct thread *td, int error)
525 {
526 	struct trapframe *frame;
527 
528 	frame = td->td_frame;
529 	if (__predict_true(error == 0)) {
530 		frame->tf_rax = td->td_retval[0];
531 		frame->tf_rdx = td->td_retval[1];
532 		frame->tf_rflags &= ~PSL_C;
533 		return;
534 	}
535 
536 	switch (error) {
537 	case ERESTART:
538 		/*
539 		 * Reconstruct pc, we know that 'syscall' is 2 bytes,
540 		 * lcall $X,y is 7 bytes, int 0x80 is 2 bytes.
541 		 * We saved this in tf_err.
542 		 * %r10 (which was holding the value of %rcx) is restored
543 		 * for the next iteration.
544 		 * %r10 restore is only required for freebsd/amd64 processes,
545 		 * but shall be innocent for any ia32 ABI.
546 		 *
547 		 * Require full context restore to get the arguments
548 		 * in the registers reloaded at return to usermode.
549 		 */
550 		frame->tf_rip -= frame->tf_err;
551 		frame->tf_r10 = frame->tf_rcx;
552 		set_pcb_flags(td->td_pcb, PCB_FULL_IRET);
553 		break;
554 
555 	case EJUSTRETURN:
556 		break;
557 
558 	default:
559 		frame->tf_rax = error;
560 		frame->tf_rflags |= PSL_C;
561 		break;
562 	}
563 }
564 
565 /*
566  * Initialize machine state, mostly pcb and trap frame for a new
567  * thread, about to return to userspace.  Put enough state in the new
568  * thread's PCB to get it to go back to the fork_return(), which
569  * finalizes the thread state and handles peculiarities of the first
570  * return to userspace for the new thread.
571  */
572 void
573 cpu_copy_thread(struct thread *td, struct thread *td0)
574 {
575 	struct pcb *pcb2;
576 
577 	pcb2 = td->td_pcb;
578 
579 	/* Ensure that td0's pcb is up to date for user threads. */
580 	if ((td->td_pflags & TDP_KTHREAD) == 0) {
581 		MPASS(td0 == curthread);
582 		fpuexit(td0);
583 		update_pcb_bases(td0->td_pcb);
584 	}
585 
586 	/*
587 	 * Copy the upcall pcb.  This loads kernel regs.
588 	 * Those not loaded individually below get their default
589 	 * values here.
590 	 */
591 	bcopy(td0->td_pcb, pcb2, sizeof(*pcb2));
592 	pcb2->pcb_save = get_pcb_user_save_pcb(pcb2);
593 
594 	/* Kernel threads start with clean FPU and segment bases. */
595 	if ((td->td_pflags & TDP_KTHREAD) != 0) {
596 		pcb2->pcb_fsbase = 0;
597 		pcb2->pcb_gsbase = 0;
598 		clear_pcb_flags(pcb2, PCB_FPUINITDONE | PCB_USERFPUINITDONE |
599 		    PCB_KERNFPU | PCB_KERNFPU_THR);
600 	} else {
601 		MPASS((pcb2->pcb_flags & (PCB_KERNFPU | PCB_KERNFPU_THR)) == 0);
602 		bcopy(get_pcb_user_save_td(td0), pcb2->pcb_save,
603 		    cpu_max_ext_state_size);
604 	}
605 	set_pcb_flags_raw(pcb2, PCB_FULL_IRET);
606 
607 
608 	/*
609 	 * Create a new fresh stack for the new thread.
610 	 */
611 	bcopy(td0->td_frame, td->td_frame, sizeof(struct trapframe));
612 
613 	/* If the current thread has the trap bit set (i.e. a debugger had
614 	 * single stepped the process to the system call), we need to clear
615 	 * the trap flag from the new frame. Otherwise, the new thread will
616 	 * receive a (likely unexpected) SIGTRAP when it executes the first
617 	 * instruction after returning to userland.
618 	 */
619 	td->td_frame->tf_rflags &= ~PSL_T;
620 
621 	/*
622 	 * Set registers for trampoline to user mode.  Leave space for the
623 	 * return address on stack.  These are the kernel mode register values.
624 	 */
625 	pcb2->pcb_r12 = (register_t)fork_return;	    /* trampoline arg */
626 	pcb2->pcb_rbp = 0;
627 	pcb2->pcb_rsp = (register_t)td->td_frame - sizeof(void *);	/* trampoline arg */
628 	pcb2->pcb_rbx = (register_t)td;			    /* trampoline arg */
629 	pcb2->pcb_rip = (register_t)fork_trampoline;
630 	/*
631 	 * If we didn't copy the pcb, we'd need to do the following registers:
632 	 * pcb2->pcb_dr*:	cloned above.
633 	 * pcb2->pcb_savefpu:	cloned above.
634 	 * pcb2->pcb_onfault:	cloned above (always NULL here?).
635 	 * pcb2->pcb_[fg]sbase: cloned above
636 	 */
637 
638 	/* Setup to release spin count in fork_exit(). */
639 	td->td_md.md_spinlock_count = 1;
640 	td->td_md.md_saved_flags = PSL_KERNEL | PSL_I;
641 	pmap_thread_init_invl_gen(td);
642 }
643 
644 /*
645  * Set that machine state for performing an upcall that starts
646  * the entry function with the given argument.
647  */
648 void
649 cpu_set_upcall(struct thread *td, void (*entry)(void *), void *arg,
650     stack_t *stack)
651 {
652 
653 	/*
654 	 * Do any extra cleaning that needs to be done.
655 	 * The thread may have optional components
656 	 * that are not present in a fresh thread.
657 	 * This may be a recycled thread so make it look
658 	 * as though it's newly allocated.
659 	 */
660 	cpu_thread_clean(td);
661 
662 #ifdef COMPAT_FREEBSD32
663 	if (SV_PROC_FLAG(td->td_proc, SV_ILP32)) {
664 		/*
665 		 * Set the trap frame to point at the beginning of the entry
666 		 * function.
667 		 */
668 		td->td_frame->tf_rbp = 0;
669 		td->td_frame->tf_rsp =
670 		   (((uintptr_t)stack->ss_sp + stack->ss_size - 4) & ~0x0f) - 4;
671 		td->td_frame->tf_rip = (uintptr_t)entry;
672 
673 		/* Return address sentinel value to stop stack unwinding. */
674 		suword32((void *)td->td_frame->tf_rsp, 0);
675 
676 		/* Pass the argument to the entry point. */
677 		suword32((void *)(td->td_frame->tf_rsp + sizeof(int32_t)),
678 		    (uint32_t)(uintptr_t)arg);
679 
680 		return;
681 	}
682 #endif
683 
684 	/*
685 	 * Set the trap frame to point at the beginning of the uts
686 	 * function.
687 	 */
688 	td->td_frame->tf_rbp = 0;
689 	td->td_frame->tf_rsp =
690 	    ((register_t)stack->ss_sp + stack->ss_size) & ~0x0f;
691 	td->td_frame->tf_rsp -= 8;
692 	td->td_frame->tf_rip = (register_t)entry;
693 	td->td_frame->tf_ds = _udatasel;
694 	td->td_frame->tf_es = _udatasel;
695 	td->td_frame->tf_fs = _ufssel;
696 	td->td_frame->tf_gs = _ugssel;
697 	td->td_frame->tf_flags = TF_HASSEGS;
698 
699 	/* Return address sentinel value to stop stack unwinding. */
700 	suword((void *)td->td_frame->tf_rsp, 0);
701 
702 	/* Pass the argument to the entry point. */
703 	td->td_frame->tf_rdi = (register_t)arg;
704 }
705 
706 int
707 cpu_set_user_tls(struct thread *td, void *tls_base)
708 {
709 	struct pcb *pcb;
710 
711 	if ((u_int64_t)tls_base >= VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS)
712 		return (EINVAL);
713 
714 	pcb = td->td_pcb;
715 	set_pcb_flags(pcb, PCB_FULL_IRET);
716 #ifdef COMPAT_FREEBSD32
717 	if (SV_PROC_FLAG(td->td_proc, SV_ILP32)) {
718 		pcb->pcb_gsbase = (register_t)tls_base;
719 		return (0);
720 	}
721 #endif
722 	pcb->pcb_fsbase = (register_t)tls_base;
723 	return (0);
724 }
725 
726 /*
727  * Software interrupt handler for queued VM system processing.
728  */
729 void
730 swi_vm(void *dummy)
731 {
732 	if (busdma_swi_pending != 0)
733 		busdma_swi();
734 }
735 
736 /*
737  * Tell whether this address is in some physical memory region.
738  * Currently used by the kernel coredump code in order to avoid
739  * dumping the ``ISA memory hole'' which could cause indefinite hangs,
740  * or other unpredictable behaviour.
741  */
742 
743 int
744 is_physical_memory(vm_paddr_t addr)
745 {
746 
747 #ifdef DEV_ISA
748 	/* The ISA ``memory hole''. */
749 	if (addr >= 0xa0000 && addr < 0x100000)
750 		return 0;
751 #endif
752 
753 	/*
754 	 * stuff other tests for known memory-mapped devices (PCI?)
755 	 * here
756 	 */
757 
758 	return 1;
759 }
760