xref: /freebsd/sys/arm/arm/busdma_machdep.c (revision abd87254)

/*-
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2012-2015 Ian Lepore
 * Copyright (c) 2010 Mark Tinguely
 * Copyright (c) 2004 Olivier Houchard
 * Copyright (c) 2002 Peter Grehan
 * Copyright (c) 1997, 1998 Justin T. Gibbs.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer,
 *    without modification, immediately at the beginning of the file.
 * 2. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
 *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
 * ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 *  From i386/busdma_machdep.c 191438 2009-04-23 20:24:19Z jhb
 */

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/bus.h>
#include <sys/busdma_bufalloc.h>
#include <sys/counter.h>
#include <sys/interrupt.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/ktr.h>
#include <sys/lock.h>
#include <sys/memdesc.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/mutex.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>

#include <vm/vm.h>
#include <vm/vm_param.h>
#include <vm/vm_page.h>
#include <vm/vm_phys.h>
#include <vm/vm_map.h>
#include <vm/vm_extern.h>
#include <vm/vm_kern.h>

#include <machine/atomic.h>
#include <machine/bus.h>
#include <machine/cpu.h>
#include <machine/md_var.h>

//#define ARM_BUSDMA_MAPLOAD_STATS

#define	BUSDMA_DCACHE_ALIGN	cpuinfo.dcache_line_size
#define	BUSDMA_DCACHE_MASK	cpuinfo.dcache_line_mask

#define	MAX_BPAGES		64
#define	MAX_DMA_SEGMENTS	4096
#define	BUS_DMA_EXCL_BOUNCE	BUS_DMA_BUS2
#define	BUS_DMA_ALIGN_BOUNCE	BUS_DMA_BUS3
#define	BUS_DMA_COULD_BOUNCE	(BUS_DMA_EXCL_BOUNCE | BUS_DMA_ALIGN_BOUNCE)
#define	BUS_DMA_MIN_ALLOC_COMP	BUS_DMA_BUS4

struct bounce_page;
struct bounce_zone;

struct bus_dma_tag {
	bus_size_t		alignment;
	bus_addr_t		boundary;
	bus_addr_t		lowaddr;
	bus_addr_t		highaddr;
	bus_size_t		maxsize;
	u_int			nsegments;
	bus_size_t		maxsegsz;
	int			flags;
	int			map_count;
	bus_dma_lock_t		*lockfunc;
	void			*lockfuncarg;
	struct bounce_zone	*bounce_zone;
};

struct sync_list {
	vm_offset_t	vaddr;		/* kva of client data */
	bus_addr_t	paddr;		/* physical address */
	vm_page_t	pages;		/* starting page of client data */
	bus_size_t	datacount;	/* client data count */
};

static uint32_t tags_total;
static uint32_t maps_total;
static uint32_t maps_dmamem;
static uint32_t maps_coherent;
#ifdef ARM_BUSDMA_MAPLOAD_STATS
static counter_u64_t maploads_total;
static counter_u64_t maploads_bounced;
static counter_u64_t maploads_coherent;
static counter_u64_t maploads_dmamem;
static counter_u64_t maploads_mbuf;
static counter_u64_t maploads_physmem;
#endif

SYSCTL_NODE(_hw, OID_AUTO, busdma, CTLFLAG_RD | CTLFLAG_MPSAFE, 0,
    "Busdma parameters");
SYSCTL_UINT(_hw_busdma, OID_AUTO, tags_total, CTLFLAG_RD, &tags_total, 0,
   "Number of active tags");
SYSCTL_UINT(_hw_busdma, OID_AUTO, maps_total, CTLFLAG_RD, &maps_total, 0,
   "Number of active maps");
SYSCTL_UINT(_hw_busdma, OID_AUTO, maps_dmamem, CTLFLAG_RD, &maps_dmamem, 0,
   "Number of active maps for bus_dmamem_alloc buffers");
SYSCTL_UINT(_hw_busdma, OID_AUTO, maps_coherent, CTLFLAG_RD, &maps_coherent, 0,
   "Number of active maps with BUS_DMA_COHERENT flag set");
#ifdef ARM_BUSDMA_MAPLOAD_STATS
SYSCTL_COUNTER_U64(_hw_busdma, OID_AUTO, maploads_total, CTLFLAG_RD,
    &maploads_total, "Number of load operations performed");
SYSCTL_COUNTER_U64(_hw_busdma, OID_AUTO, maploads_bounced, CTLFLAG_RD,
    &maploads_bounced, "Number of load operations that used bounce buffers");
SYSCTL_COUNTER_U64(_hw_busdma, OID_AUTO, maploads_coherent, CTLFLAG_RD,
    &maploads_dmamem, "Number of load operations on BUS_DMA_COHERENT memory");
SYSCTL_COUNTER_U64(_hw_busdma, OID_AUTO, maploads_dmamem, CTLFLAG_RD,
    &maploads_dmamem, "Number of load operations on bus_dmamem_alloc buffers");
SYSCTL_COUNTER_U64(_hw_busdma, OID_AUTO, maploads_mbuf, CTLFLAG_RD,
    &maploads_mbuf, "Number of load operations for mbufs");
SYSCTL_COUNTER_U64(_hw_busdma, OID_AUTO, maploads_physmem, CTLFLAG_RD,
    &maploads_physmem, "Number of load operations on physical buffers");
#endif

struct bus_dmamap {
	STAILQ_HEAD(, bounce_page) bpages;
	int			pagesneeded;
	int			pagesreserved;
	bus_dma_tag_t		dmat;
	struct memdesc		mem;
	bus_dmamap_callback_t	*callback;
	void			*callback_arg;
	__sbintime_t		queued_time;
	int			flags;
#define	DMAMAP_COHERENT		(1 << 0)
#define	DMAMAP_DMAMEM_ALLOC	(1 << 1)
#define	DMAMAP_MBUF		(1 << 2)
	STAILQ_ENTRY(bus_dmamap) links;
	bus_dma_segment_t	*segments;
	int			sync_count;
	struct sync_list	slist[];
};

static void _bus_dmamap_count_pages(bus_dma_tag_t dmat, pmap_t pmap,
    bus_dmamap_t map, void *buf, bus_size_t buflen, int flags);
static void _bus_dmamap_count_phys(bus_dma_tag_t dmat, bus_dmamap_t map,
    vm_paddr_t buf, bus_size_t buflen, int flags);
static void dma_preread_safe(vm_offset_t va, vm_paddr_t pa, vm_size_t size);
static void dma_dcache_sync(struct sync_list *sl, bus_dmasync_op_t op);

static busdma_bufalloc_t coherent_allocator;	/* Cache of coherent buffers */
static busdma_bufalloc_t standard_allocator;	/* Cache of standard buffers */

MALLOC_DEFINE(M_BUSDMA, "busdma", "busdma metadata");

#define	dmat_alignment(dmat)	((dmat)->alignment)
#define	dmat_flags(dmat)	((dmat)->flags)
#define	dmat_highaddr(dmat)	((dmat)->highaddr)
#define	dmat_lowaddr(dmat)	((dmat)->lowaddr)
#define	dmat_lockfunc(dmat)	((dmat)->lockfunc)
#define	dmat_lockfuncarg(dmat)	((dmat)->lockfuncarg)

#include "../../kern/subr_busdma_bounce.c"

static void
busdma_init(void *dummy)
{
	int uma_flags;

#ifdef ARM_BUSDMA_MAPLOAD_STATS
	maploads_total    = counter_u64_alloc(M_WAITOK);
	maploads_bounced  = counter_u64_alloc(M_WAITOK);
	maploads_coherent = counter_u64_alloc(M_WAITOK);
	maploads_dmamem   = counter_u64_alloc(M_WAITOK);
	maploads_mbuf     = counter_u64_alloc(M_WAITOK);
	maploads_physmem  = counter_u64_alloc(M_WAITOK);
#endif

	uma_flags = 0;

	/* Create a cache of buffers in standard (cacheable) memory. */
	standard_allocator = busdma_bufalloc_create("buffer",
	    BUSDMA_DCACHE_ALIGN,/* minimum_alignment */
	    NULL,		/* uma_alloc func */
	    NULL,		/* uma_free func */
	    uma_flags);		/* uma_zcreate_flags */

#ifdef INVARIANTS
	/*
	 * Force UMA zone to allocate service structures like
	 * slabs using own allocator. uma_debug code performs
	 * atomic ops on uma_slab_t fields and safety of this
	 * operation is not guaranteed for write-back caches
	 */
	uma_flags = UMA_ZONE_NOTOUCH;
#endif
	/*
	 * Create a cache of buffers in uncacheable memory, to implement the
	 * BUS_DMA_COHERENT (and potentially BUS_DMA_NOCACHE) flag.
	 */
	coherent_allocator = busdma_bufalloc_create("coherent",
	    BUSDMA_DCACHE_ALIGN,/* minimum_alignment */
	    busdma_bufalloc_alloc_uncacheable,
	    busdma_bufalloc_free_uncacheable,
	    uma_flags);	/* uma_zcreate_flags */
}

/*
 * This init historically used SI_SUB_VM, but now the init code requires
 * malloc(9) using M_BUSDMA memory and the pcpu zones for counter(9), which get
 * set up by SI_SUB_KMEM and SI_ORDER_LAST, so we'll go right after that by
 * using SI_SUB_KMEM+1.
 */
SYSINIT(busdma, SI_SUB_KMEM+1, SI_ORDER_FIRST, busdma_init, NULL);

/*
 * This routine checks the exclusion zone constraints from a tag against the
 * physical RAM available on the machine.  If a tag specifies an exclusion zone
 * but there's no RAM in that zone, then we avoid allocating resources to bounce
 * a request, and we can use any memory allocator (as opposed to needing
 * kmem_alloc_contig() just because it can allocate pages in an address range).
 *
 * Most tags have BUS_SPACE_MAXADDR or BUS_SPACE_MAXADDR_32BIT (they are the
 * same value on 32-bit architectures) as their lowaddr constraint, and we can't
 * possibly have RAM at an address higher than the highest address we can
 * express, so we take a fast out.
 */
static int
exclusion_bounce_check(bus_addr_t lowaddr, bus_addr_t highaddr)
{
	int i;

	if (lowaddr >= BUS_SPACE_MAXADDR)
		return (0);

	for (i = 0; phys_avail[i] && phys_avail[i + 1]; i += 2) {
		if ((lowaddr >= phys_avail[i] && lowaddr < phys_avail[i + 1]) ||
		    (lowaddr < phys_avail[i] && highaddr >= phys_avail[i]))
			return (1);
	}
	return (0);
}

/*
 * Return true if the tag has an exclusion zone that could lead to bouncing.
 */
static __inline int
exclusion_bounce(bus_dma_tag_t dmat)
{

	return (dmat->flags & BUS_DMA_EXCL_BOUNCE);
}

/*
 * Return true if the given address does not fall on the alignment boundary.
 */
static __inline int
alignment_bounce(bus_dma_tag_t dmat, bus_addr_t addr)
{

	return (!vm_addr_align_ok(addr, dmat->alignment));
}

/*
 * Return true if the DMA should bounce because the start or end does not fall
 * on a cacheline boundary (which would require a partial cacheline flush).
 * COHERENT memory doesn't trigger cacheline flushes.  Memory allocated by
 * bus_dmamem_alloc() is always aligned to cacheline boundaries, and there's a
 * strict rule that such memory cannot be accessed by the CPU while DMA is in
 * progress (or by multiple DMA engines at once), so that it's always safe to do
 * full cacheline flushes even if that affects memory outside the range of a
 * given DMA operation that doesn't involve the full allocated buffer.  If we're
 * mapping an mbuf, that follows the same rules as a buffer we allocated.
 */
static __inline int
cacheline_bounce(bus_dmamap_t map, bus_addr_t addr, bus_size_t size)
{

	if (map->flags & (DMAMAP_DMAMEM_ALLOC | DMAMAP_COHERENT | DMAMAP_MBUF))
		return (0);
	return ((addr | size) & BUSDMA_DCACHE_MASK);
}

/*
 * Return true if we might need to bounce the DMA described by addr and size.
 *
 * This is used to quick-check whether we need to do the more expensive work of
 * checking the DMA page-by-page looking for alignment and exclusion bounces.
 *
 * Note that the addr argument might be either virtual or physical.  It doesn't
 * matter because we only look at the low-order bits, which are the same in both
 * address spaces and maximum alignment of generic buffer is limited up to page
 * size.
 * Bouncing of buffers allocated by bus_dmamem_alloc()is not necessary, these
 * always comply with the required rules (alignment, boundary, and address
 * range).
 */
static __inline int
might_bounce(bus_dma_tag_t dmat, bus_dmamap_t map, bus_addr_t addr,
    bus_size_t size)
{

	KASSERT(map->flags & DMAMAP_DMAMEM_ALLOC ||
	    dmat->alignment <= PAGE_SIZE,
	    ("%s: unsupported alignment (0x%08lx) for buffer not "
	    "allocated by bus_dmamem_alloc()",
	    __func__, dmat->alignment));

	return (!(map->flags & DMAMAP_DMAMEM_ALLOC) &&
	    ((dmat->flags & BUS_DMA_EXCL_BOUNCE) ||
	    alignment_bounce(dmat, addr) ||
	    cacheline_bounce(map, addr, size)));
}

/*
 * Return true if we must bounce the DMA described by paddr and size.
 *
 * Bouncing can be triggered by DMA that doesn't begin and end on cacheline
 * boundaries, or doesn't begin on an alignment boundary, or falls within the
 * exclusion zone of the tag.
 */
static int
must_bounce(bus_dma_tag_t dmat, bus_dmamap_t map, bus_addr_t paddr,
    bus_size_t size)
{

	if (cacheline_bounce(map, paddr, size))
		return (1);

	/*
	 * Check the tag's exclusion zone.
	 */
	if (exclusion_bounce(dmat) && addr_needs_bounce(dmat, paddr))
		return (1);

	return (0);
}

/*
 * Allocate a device specific dma_tag.
 */
int
bus_dma_tag_create(bus_dma_tag_t parent, bus_size_t alignment,
    bus_addr_t boundary, bus_addr_t lowaddr, bus_addr_t highaddr,
    bus_dma_filter_t *filter, void *filterarg, bus_size_t maxsize,
    int nsegments, bus_size_t maxsegsz, int flags, bus_dma_lock_t *lockfunc,
    void *lockfuncarg, bus_dma_tag_t *dmat)
{
	bus_dma_tag_t newtag;
	int error = 0;

	/* Basic sanity checking. */
	KASSERT(boundary == 0 || powerof2(boundary),
	    ("dma tag boundary %lu, must be a power of 2", boundary));
	KASSERT(boundary == 0 || boundary >= maxsegsz,
	    ("dma tag boundary %lu is < maxsegsz %lu\n", boundary, maxsegsz));
	KASSERT(alignment != 0 && powerof2(alignment),
	    ("dma tag alignment %lu, must be non-zero power of 2", alignment));
	KASSERT(maxsegsz != 0, ("dma tag maxsegsz must not be zero"));

	/* Return a NULL tag on failure */
	*dmat = NULL;

	/* Filters are no longer supported. */
	if (filter != NULL || filterarg != NULL)
		return (EINVAL);

	newtag = (bus_dma_tag_t)malloc(sizeof(*newtag), M_BUSDMA,
	    M_ZERO | M_NOWAIT);
	if (newtag == NULL) {
		CTR4(KTR_BUSDMA, "%s returned tag %p tag flags 0x%x error %d",
		    __func__, newtag, 0, error);
		return (ENOMEM);
	}

	newtag->alignment = alignment;
	newtag->boundary = boundary;
	newtag->lowaddr = trunc_page((vm_paddr_t)lowaddr) + (PAGE_SIZE - 1);
	newtag->highaddr = trunc_page((vm_paddr_t)highaddr) +
	    (PAGE_SIZE - 1);
	newtag->maxsize = maxsize;
	newtag->nsegments = nsegments;
	newtag->maxsegsz = maxsegsz;
	newtag->flags = flags;
	newtag->map_count = 0;
	if (lockfunc != NULL) {
		newtag->lockfunc = lockfunc;
		newtag->lockfuncarg = lockfuncarg;
	} else {
		newtag->lockfunc = _busdma_dflt_lock;
		newtag->lockfuncarg = NULL;
	}

	/* Take into account any restrictions imposed by our parent tag */
	if (parent != NULL) {
		newtag->lowaddr = MIN(parent->lowaddr, newtag->lowaddr);
		newtag->highaddr = MAX(parent->highaddr, newtag->highaddr);
		newtag->alignment = MAX(parent->alignment, newtag->alignment);
		newtag->flags |= parent->flags & BUS_DMA_COULD_BOUNCE;
		newtag->flags |= parent->flags & BUS_DMA_COHERENT;
		if (newtag->boundary == 0)
			newtag->boundary = parent->boundary;
		else if (parent->boundary != 0)
			newtag->boundary = MIN(parent->boundary,
					       newtag->boundary);
	}

	if (exclusion_bounce_check(newtag->lowaddr, newtag->highaddr))
		newtag->flags |= BUS_DMA_EXCL_BOUNCE;
	if (alignment_bounce(newtag, 1))
		newtag->flags |= BUS_DMA_ALIGN_BOUNCE;

	/*
	 * Any request can auto-bounce due to cacheline alignment, in addition
	 * to any alignment or boundary specifications in the tag, so if the
	 * ALLOCNOW flag is set, there's always work to do.
	 */
	if ((flags & BUS_DMA_ALLOCNOW) != 0) {
		struct bounce_zone *bz;
		/*
		 * Round size up to a full page, and add one more page because
		 * there can always be one more boundary crossing than the
		 * number of pages in a transfer.
		 */
		maxsize = roundup2(maxsize, PAGE_SIZE) + PAGE_SIZE;

		if ((error = alloc_bounce_zone(newtag)) != 0) {
			free(newtag, M_BUSDMA);
			return (error);
		}
		bz = newtag->bounce_zone;

		if (ptoa(bz->total_bpages) < maxsize) {
			int pages;

			pages = atop(maxsize) - bz->total_bpages;

			/* Add pages to our bounce pool */
			if (alloc_bounce_pages(newtag, pages) < pages)
				error = ENOMEM;
		}
		/* Performed initial allocation */
		newtag->flags |= BUS_DMA_MIN_ALLOC_COMP;
	} else
		newtag->bounce_zone = NULL;

	if (error != 0) {
		free(newtag, M_BUSDMA);
	} else {
		atomic_add_32(&tags_total, 1);
		*dmat = newtag;
	}
	CTR4(KTR_BUSDMA, "%s returned tag %p tag flags 0x%x error %d",
	    __func__, newtag, (newtag != NULL ? newtag->flags : 0), error);
	return (error);
}

void
bus_dma_template_clone(bus_dma_template_t *t, bus_dma_tag_t dmat)
{

	if (t == NULL || dmat == NULL)
		return;

	t->alignment = dmat->alignment;
	t->boundary = dmat->boundary;
	t->lowaddr = dmat->lowaddr;
	t->highaddr = dmat->highaddr;
	t->maxsize = dmat->maxsize;
	t->nsegments = dmat->nsegments;
	t->maxsegsize = dmat->maxsegsz;
	t->flags = dmat->flags;
	t->lockfunc = dmat->lockfunc;
	t->lockfuncarg = dmat->lockfuncarg;
}

int
bus_dma_tag_set_domain(bus_dma_tag_t dmat, int domain)
{

	return (0);
}

int
bus_dma_tag_destroy(bus_dma_tag_t dmat)
{
	int error = 0;

	if (dmat != NULL) {
		if (dmat->map_count != 0) {
			error = EBUSY;
			goto out;
		}
		free(dmat, M_BUSDMA);
	}
out:
	CTR3(KTR_BUSDMA, "%s tag %p error %d", __func__, dmat, error);
	return (error);
}

static int
allocate_bz_and_pages(bus_dma_tag_t dmat, bus_dmamap_t mapp)
{
	struct bounce_zone *bz;
	int maxpages;
	int error;

	if (dmat->bounce_zone == NULL)
		if ((error = alloc_bounce_zone(dmat)) != 0)
			return (error);
	bz = dmat->bounce_zone;
	/* Initialize the new map */
	STAILQ_INIT(&(mapp->bpages));

	/*
	 * Attempt to add pages to our pool on a per-instance basis up to a sane
	 * limit.  Even if the tag isn't flagged as COULD_BOUNCE due to
	 * alignment and boundary constraints, it could still auto-bounce due to
	 * cacheline alignment, which requires at most two bounce pages.
	 */
	if (dmat->flags & BUS_DMA_COULD_BOUNCE)
		maxpages = MAX_BPAGES;
	else
		maxpages = 2 * bz->map_count;
	if ((dmat->flags & BUS_DMA_MIN_ALLOC_COMP) == 0 ||
	    (bz->map_count > 0 && bz->total_bpages < maxpages)) {
		int pages;

		pages = atop(roundup2(dmat->maxsize, PAGE_SIZE)) + 1;
		pages = MIN(maxpages - bz->total_bpages, pages);
		pages = MAX(pages, 2);
		if (alloc_bounce_pages(dmat, pages) < pages)
			return (ENOMEM);

		if ((dmat->flags & BUS_DMA_MIN_ALLOC_COMP) == 0)
			dmat->flags |= BUS_DMA_MIN_ALLOC_COMP;
	}
	bz->map_count++;
	return (0);
}

static bus_dmamap_t
allocate_map(bus_dma_tag_t dmat, int mflags)
{
	int mapsize, segsize;
	bus_dmamap_t map;

	/*
	 * Allocate the map.  The map structure ends with an embedded
	 * variable-sized array of sync_list structures.  Following that
	 * we allocate enough extra space to hold the array of bus_dma_segments.
	 */
	KASSERT(dmat->nsegments <= MAX_DMA_SEGMENTS,
	   ("cannot allocate %u dma segments (max is %u)",
	    dmat->nsegments, MAX_DMA_SEGMENTS));
	segsize = sizeof(struct bus_dma_segment) * dmat->nsegments;
	mapsize = sizeof(*map) + sizeof(struct sync_list) * dmat->nsegments;
	map = malloc(mapsize + segsize, M_BUSDMA, mflags | M_ZERO);
	if (map == NULL) {
		CTR3(KTR_BUSDMA, "%s: tag %p error %d", __func__, dmat, ENOMEM);
		return (NULL);
	}
	map->segments = (bus_dma_segment_t *)((uintptr_t)map + mapsize);
	STAILQ_INIT(&map->bpages);
	return (map);
}

/*
 * Allocate a handle for mapping from kva/uva/physical
 * address space into bus device space.
 */
int
bus_dmamap_create(bus_dma_tag_t dmat, int flags, bus_dmamap_t *mapp)
{
	bus_dmamap_t map;
	int error = 0;

	*mapp = map = allocate_map(dmat, M_NOWAIT);
	if (map == NULL) {
		CTR3(KTR_BUSDMA, "%s: tag %p error %d", __func__, dmat, ENOMEM);
		return (ENOMEM);
	}

	/*
	 * Bouncing might be required if the driver asks for an exclusion
	 * region, a data alignment that is stricter than 1, or DMA that begins
	 * or ends with a partial cacheline.  Whether bouncing will actually
	 * happen can't be known until mapping time, but we need to pre-allocate
	 * resources now because we might not be allowed to at mapping time.
	 */
	error = allocate_bz_and_pages(dmat, map);
	if (error != 0) {
		free(map, M_BUSDMA);
		*mapp = NULL;
		return (error);
	}
	if (map->flags & DMAMAP_COHERENT)
		atomic_add_32(&maps_coherent, 1);
	atomic_add_32(&maps_total, 1);
	dmat->map_count++;

	return (0);
}

/*
 * Destroy a handle for mapping from kva/uva/physical
 * address space into bus device space.
 */
int
bus_dmamap_destroy(bus_dma_tag_t dmat, bus_dmamap_t map)
{

	if (STAILQ_FIRST(&map->bpages) != NULL || map->sync_count != 0) {
		CTR3(KTR_BUSDMA, "%s: tag %p error %d",
		    __func__, dmat, EBUSY);
		return (EBUSY);
	}
	if (dmat->bounce_zone)
		dmat->bounce_zone->map_count--;
	if (map->flags & DMAMAP_COHERENT)
		atomic_subtract_32(&maps_coherent, 1);
	atomic_subtract_32(&maps_total, 1);
	free(map, M_BUSDMA);
	dmat->map_count--;
	CTR2(KTR_BUSDMA, "%s: tag %p error 0", __func__, dmat);
	return (0);
}

/*
 * Allocate a piece of memory that can be efficiently mapped into bus device
 * space based on the constraints listed in the dma tag.  Returns a pointer to
 * the allocated memory, and a pointer to an associated bus_dmamap.
 */
int
bus_dmamem_alloc(bus_dma_tag_t dmat, void **vaddr, int flags,
    bus_dmamap_t *mapp)
{
	busdma_bufalloc_t ba;
	struct busdma_bufzone *bufzone;
	bus_dmamap_t map;
	vm_memattr_t memattr;
	int mflags;

	if (flags & BUS_DMA_NOWAIT)
		mflags = M_NOWAIT;
	else
		mflags = M_WAITOK;
	if (flags & BUS_DMA_ZERO)
		mflags |= M_ZERO;

	*mapp = map = allocate_map(dmat, mflags);
	if (map == NULL) {
		CTR4(KTR_BUSDMA, "%s: tag %p tag flags 0x%x error %d",
		    __func__, dmat, dmat->flags, ENOMEM);
		return (ENOMEM);
	}
	map->flags = DMAMAP_DMAMEM_ALLOC;

	/* For coherent memory, set the map flag that disables sync ops. */
	if (flags & BUS_DMA_COHERENT)
		map->flags |= DMAMAP_COHERENT;

	/*
	 * Choose a busdma buffer allocator based on memory type flags.
	 * If the tag's COHERENT flag is set, that means normal memory
	 * is already coherent, use the normal allocator.
	 */
	if ((flags & BUS_DMA_COHERENT) &&
	    ((dmat->flags & BUS_DMA_COHERENT) == 0)) {
		memattr = VM_MEMATTR_UNCACHEABLE;
		ba = coherent_allocator;
	} else {
		memattr = VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT;
		ba = standard_allocator;
	}

	/*
	 * Try to find a bufzone in the allocator that holds a cache of buffers
	 * of the right size for this request.  If the buffer is too big to be
	 * held in the allocator cache, this returns NULL.
	 */
	bufzone = busdma_bufalloc_findzone(ba, dmat->maxsize);

	/*
	 * Allocate the buffer from the uma(9) allocator if...
	 *  - It's small enough to be in the allocator (bufzone not NULL).
	 *  - The alignment constraint isn't larger than the allocation size
	 *    (the allocator aligns buffers to their size boundaries).
	 *  - There's no need to handle lowaddr/highaddr exclusion zones.
	 * else allocate non-contiguous pages if...
	 *  - The page count that could get allocated doesn't exceed
	 *    nsegments also when the maximum segment size is less
	 *    than PAGE_SIZE.
	 *  - The alignment constraint isn't larger than a page boundary.
	 *  - There are no boundary-crossing constraints.
	 * else allocate a block of contiguous pages because one or more of the
	 * constraints is something that only the contig allocator can fulfill.
	 */
	if (bufzone != NULL && dmat->alignment <= bufzone->size &&
	    !exclusion_bounce(dmat)) {
		*vaddr = uma_zalloc(bufzone->umazone, mflags);
	} else if (dmat->nsegments >=
	    howmany(dmat->maxsize, MIN(dmat->maxsegsz, PAGE_SIZE)) &&
	    dmat->alignment <= PAGE_SIZE &&
	    (dmat->boundary % PAGE_SIZE) == 0) {
		*vaddr = kmem_alloc_attr(dmat->maxsize, mflags, 0,
		    dmat->lowaddr, memattr);
	} else {
		*vaddr = kmem_alloc_contig(dmat->maxsize, mflags, 0,
		    dmat->lowaddr, dmat->alignment, dmat->boundary, memattr);
	}
	if (*vaddr == NULL) {
		CTR4(KTR_BUSDMA, "%s: tag %p tag flags 0x%x error %d",
		    __func__, dmat, dmat->flags, ENOMEM);
		free(map, M_BUSDMA);
		*mapp = NULL;
		return (ENOMEM);
	}
	if (map->flags & DMAMAP_COHERENT)
		atomic_add_32(&maps_coherent, 1);
	atomic_add_32(&maps_dmamem, 1);
	atomic_add_32(&maps_total, 1);
	dmat->map_count++;

	CTR4(KTR_BUSDMA, "%s: tag %p tag flags 0x%x error %d",
	    __func__, dmat, dmat->flags, 0);
	return (0);
}

/*
 * Free a piece of memory that was allocated via bus_dmamem_alloc, along with
 * its associated map.
 */
void
bus_dmamem_free(bus_dma_tag_t dmat, void *vaddr, bus_dmamap_t map)
{
	struct busdma_bufzone *bufzone;
	busdma_bufalloc_t ba;

	if ((map->flags & DMAMAP_COHERENT) &&
	    ((dmat->flags & BUS_DMA_COHERENT) == 0))
		ba = coherent_allocator;
	else
		ba = standard_allocator;

	bufzone = busdma_bufalloc_findzone(ba, dmat->maxsize);

	if (bufzone != NULL && dmat->alignment <= bufzone->size &&
	    !exclusion_bounce(dmat))
		uma_zfree(bufzone->umazone, vaddr);
	else
		kmem_free(vaddr, dmat->maxsize);

	dmat->map_count--;
	if (map->flags & DMAMAP_COHERENT)
		atomic_subtract_32(&maps_coherent, 1);
	atomic_subtract_32(&maps_total, 1);
	atomic_subtract_32(&maps_dmamem, 1);
	free(map, M_BUSDMA);
	CTR3(KTR_BUSDMA, "%s: tag %p flags 0x%x", __func__, dmat, dmat->flags);
}

static void
_bus_dmamap_count_phys(bus_dma_tag_t dmat, bus_dmamap_t map, vm_paddr_t buf,
    bus_size_t buflen, int flags)
{
	bus_addr_t curaddr;
	bus_size_t sgsize;

	if (map->pagesneeded == 0) {
		CTR5(KTR_BUSDMA, "lowaddr= %d, boundary= %d, alignment= %d"
		    " map= %p, pagesneeded= %d",
		    dmat->lowaddr, dmat->boundary, dmat->alignment,
		    map, map->pagesneeded);
		/*
		 * Count the number of bounce pages
		 * needed in order to complete this transfer
		 */
		curaddr = buf;
		while (buflen != 0) {
			sgsize = MIN(buflen, dmat->maxsegsz);
			if (must_bounce(dmat, map, curaddr, sgsize) != 0) {
				sgsize = MIN(sgsize,
				    PAGE_SIZE - (curaddr & PAGE_MASK));
				map->pagesneeded++;
			}
			curaddr += sgsize;
			buflen -= sgsize;
		}
		CTR1(KTR_BUSDMA, "pagesneeded= %d", map->pagesneeded);
	}
}

static void
_bus_dmamap_count_pages(bus_dma_tag_t dmat, pmap_t pmap, bus_dmamap_t map,
    void *buf, bus_size_t buflen, int flags)
{
	vm_offset_t vaddr;
	vm_offset_t vendaddr;
	bus_addr_t paddr;
	bus_size_t sg_len;

	if (map->pagesneeded == 0) {
		CTR5(KTR_BUSDMA, "lowaddr= %d, boundary= %d, alignment= %d"
		    " map= %p, pagesneeded= %d",
		    dmat->lowaddr, dmat->boundary, dmat->alignment,
		    map, map->pagesneeded);
		/*
		 * Count the number of bounce pages
		 * needed in order to complete this transfer
		 */
		vaddr = (vm_offset_t)buf;
		vendaddr = (vm_offset_t)buf + buflen;

		while (vaddr < vendaddr) {
			sg_len = MIN(vendaddr - vaddr,
			    (PAGE_SIZE - ((vm_offset_t)vaddr & PAGE_MASK)));
			sg_len = MIN(sg_len, dmat->maxsegsz);
			if (__predict_true(pmap == kernel_pmap))
				paddr = pmap_kextract(vaddr);
			else
				paddr = pmap_extract(pmap, vaddr);
			if (must_bounce(dmat, map, paddr, sg_len) != 0)
				map->pagesneeded++;
			vaddr += sg_len;
		}
		CTR1(KTR_BUSDMA, "pagesneeded= %d", map->pagesneeded);
	}
}

/*
 * Add a single contiguous physical range to the segment list.
 */
static int
_bus_dmamap_addseg(bus_dma_tag_t dmat, bus_dmamap_t map, bus_addr_t curaddr,
    bus_size_t sgsize, bus_dma_segment_t *segs, int *segp)
{
	int seg;

	/*
	 * Make sure we don't cross any boundaries.
	 */
	if (!vm_addr_bound_ok(curaddr, sgsize, dmat->boundary))
		sgsize = roundup2(curaddr, dmat->boundary) - curaddr;

	/*
	 * Insert chunk into a segment, coalescing with
	 * previous segment if possible.
	 */
	seg = *segp;
	if (seg == -1) {
		seg = 0;
		segs[seg].ds_addr = curaddr;
		segs[seg].ds_len = sgsize;
	} else {
		if (curaddr == segs[seg].ds_addr + segs[seg].ds_len &&
		    (segs[seg].ds_len + sgsize) <= dmat->maxsegsz &&
		    vm_addr_bound_ok(segs[seg].ds_addr,
		    segs[seg].ds_len + sgsize, dmat->boundary))
			segs[seg].ds_len += sgsize;
		else {
			if (++seg >= dmat->nsegments)
				return (0);
			segs[seg].ds_addr = curaddr;
			segs[seg].ds_len = sgsize;
		}
	}
	*segp = seg;
	return (sgsize);
}

/*
 * Utility function to load a physical buffer.  segp contains
 * the starting segment on entrace, and the ending segment on exit.
 */
int
_bus_dmamap_load_phys(bus_dma_tag_t dmat, bus_dmamap_t map, vm_paddr_t buf,
    bus_size_t buflen, int flags, bus_dma_segment_t *segs, int *segp)
{
	bus_addr_t curaddr;
	bus_addr_t sl_end = 0;
	bus_size_t sgsize;
	struct sync_list *sl;
	int error;

	if (segs == NULL)
		segs = map->segments;

#ifdef ARM_BUSDMA_MAPLOAD_STATS
	counter_u64_add(maploads_total, 1);
	counter_u64_add(maploads_physmem, 1);
#endif

	if (might_bounce(dmat, map, (bus_addr_t)buf, buflen)) {
		_bus_dmamap_count_phys(dmat, map, buf, buflen, flags);
		if (map->pagesneeded != 0) {
#ifdef ARM_BUSDMA_MAPLOAD_STATS
			counter_u64_add(maploads_bounced, 1);
#endif
			error = _bus_dmamap_reserve_pages(dmat, map, flags);
			if (error)
				return (error);
		}
	}

	sl = map->slist + map->sync_count - 1;

	while (buflen > 0) {
		curaddr = buf;
		sgsize = MIN(buflen, dmat->maxsegsz);
		if (map->pagesneeded != 0 && must_bounce(dmat, map, curaddr,
		    sgsize)) {
			sgsize = MIN(sgsize, PAGE_SIZE - (curaddr & PAGE_MASK));
			curaddr = add_bounce_page(dmat, map, 0, curaddr,
			    sgsize);
		} else if ((dmat->flags & BUS_DMA_COHERENT) == 0) {
			if (map->sync_count > 0)
				sl_end = sl->paddr + sl->datacount;

			if (map->sync_count == 0 || curaddr != sl_end) {
				if (++map->sync_count > dmat->nsegments)
					break;
				sl++;
				sl->vaddr = 0;
				sl->paddr = curaddr;
				sl->datacount = sgsize;
				sl->pages = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(curaddr);
				KASSERT(sl->pages != NULL,
				    ("%s: page at PA:0x%08lx is not in "
				    "vm_page_array", __func__, curaddr));
			} else
				sl->datacount += sgsize;
		}
		sgsize = _bus_dmamap_addseg(dmat, map, curaddr, sgsize, segs,
		    segp);
		if (sgsize == 0)
			break;
		buf += sgsize;
		buflen -= sgsize;
	}

	/*
	 * Did we fit?
	 */
	if (buflen != 0) {
		bus_dmamap_unload(dmat, map);
		return (EFBIG); /* XXX better return value here? */
	}
	return (0);
}

int
_bus_dmamap_load_ma(bus_dma_tag_t dmat, bus_dmamap_t map,
    struct vm_page **ma, bus_size_t tlen, int ma_offs, int flags,
    bus_dma_segment_t *segs, int *segp)
{

	return (bus_dmamap_load_ma_triv(dmat, map, ma, tlen, ma_offs, flags,
	    segs, segp));
}

/*
 * Utility function to load a linear buffer.  segp contains
 * the starting segment on entrance, and the ending segment on exit.
 */
int
_bus_dmamap_load_buffer(bus_dma_tag_t dmat, bus_dmamap_t map, void *buf,
    bus_size_t buflen, pmap_t pmap, int flags, bus_dma_segment_t *segs,
    int *segp)
{
	bus_size_t sgsize;
	bus_addr_t curaddr;
	bus_addr_t sl_pend = 0;
	vm_offset_t kvaddr, vaddr, sl_vend = 0;
	struct sync_list *sl;
	int error;

#ifdef ARM_BUSDMA_MAPLOAD_STATS
	counter_u64_add(maploads_total, 1);
	if (map->flags & DMAMAP_COHERENT)
		counter_u64_add(maploads_coherent, 1);
	if (map->flags & DMAMAP_DMAMEM_ALLOC)
		counter_u64_add(maploads_dmamem, 1);
#endif

	if (segs == NULL)
		segs = map->segments;

	if (flags & BUS_DMA_LOAD_MBUF) {
#ifdef ARM_BUSDMA_MAPLOAD_STATS
		counter_u64_add(maploads_mbuf, 1);
#endif
		map->flags |= DMAMAP_MBUF;
	}

	if (might_bounce(dmat, map, (bus_addr_t)buf, buflen)) {
		_bus_dmamap_count_pages(dmat, pmap, map, buf, buflen, flags);
		if (map->pagesneeded != 0) {
#ifdef ARM_BUSDMA_MAPLOAD_STATS
			counter_u64_add(maploads_bounced, 1);
#endif
			error = _bus_dmamap_reserve_pages(dmat, map, flags);
			if (error)
				return (error);
		}
	}

	sl = map->slist + map->sync_count - 1;
	vaddr = (vm_offset_t)buf;

	while (buflen > 0) {
		/*
		 * Get the physical address for this segment.
		 */
		if (__predict_true(pmap == kernel_pmap)) {
			curaddr = pmap_kextract(vaddr);
			kvaddr = vaddr;
		} else {
			curaddr = pmap_extract(pmap, vaddr);
			kvaddr = 0;
		}

		/*
		 * Compute the segment size, and adjust counts.
		 */
		sgsize = PAGE_SIZE - (curaddr & PAGE_MASK);
		if (sgsize > dmat->maxsegsz)
			sgsize = dmat->maxsegsz;
		if (buflen < sgsize)
			sgsize = buflen;

		if (map->pagesneeded != 0 && must_bounce(dmat, map, curaddr,
		    sgsize)) {
			curaddr = add_bounce_page(dmat, map, kvaddr, curaddr,
			    sgsize);
		} else if ((dmat->flags & BUS_DMA_COHERENT) == 0) {
			if (map->sync_count > 0) {
				sl_pend = sl->paddr + sl->datacount;
				sl_vend = sl->vaddr + sl->datacount;
			}

			if (map->sync_count == 0 ||
			    (kvaddr != 0 && kvaddr != sl_vend) ||
			    (curaddr != sl_pend)) {
				if (++map->sync_count > dmat->nsegments)
					goto cleanup;
				sl++;
				sl->vaddr = kvaddr;
				sl->paddr = curaddr;
				if (kvaddr != 0) {
					sl->pages = NULL;
				} else {
					sl->pages = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(curaddr);
					KASSERT(sl->pages != NULL,
					    ("%s: page at PA:0x%08lx is not "
					    "in vm_page_array", __func__,
					    curaddr));
				}
				sl->datacount = sgsize;
			} else
				sl->datacount += sgsize;
		}
		sgsize = _bus_dmamap_addseg(dmat, map, curaddr, sgsize, segs,
		    segp);
		if (sgsize == 0)
			break;
		vaddr += sgsize;
		buflen -= sgsize;
	}

cleanup:
	/*
	 * Did we fit?
	 */
	if (buflen != 0) {
		bus_dmamap_unload(dmat, map);
		return (EFBIG); /* XXX better return value here? */
	}
	return (0);
}

void
_bus_dmamap_waitok(bus_dma_tag_t dmat, bus_dmamap_t map, struct memdesc *mem,
    bus_dmamap_callback_t *callback, void *callback_arg)
{

	map->mem = *mem;
	map->dmat = dmat;
	map->callback = callback;
	map->callback_arg = callback_arg;
}

bus_dma_segment_t *
_bus_dmamap_complete(bus_dma_tag_t dmat, bus_dmamap_t map,
    bus_dma_segment_t *segs, int nsegs, int error)
{

	if (segs == NULL)
		segs = map->segments;
	return (segs);
}

/*
 * Release the mapping held by map.
 */
void
bus_dmamap_unload(bus_dma_tag_t dmat, bus_dmamap_t map)
{
	struct bounce_zone *bz;

	if ((bz = dmat->bounce_zone) != NULL) {
		free_bounce_pages(dmat, map);

		if (map->pagesreserved != 0) {
			mtx_lock(&bounce_lock);
			bz->free_bpages += map->pagesreserved;
			bz->reserved_bpages -= map->pagesreserved;
			mtx_unlock(&bounce_lock);
			map->pagesreserved = 0;
		}
		map->pagesneeded = 0;
	}
	map->sync_count = 0;
	map->flags &= ~DMAMAP_MBUF;
}

static void
dma_preread_safe(vm_offset_t va, vm_paddr_t pa, vm_size_t size)
{
	/*
	 * Write back any partial cachelines immediately before and
	 * after the DMA region.  We don't need to round the address
	 * down to the nearest cacheline or specify the exact size,
	 * as dcache_wb_poc() will do the rounding for us and works
	 * at cacheline granularity.
	 */
	if (va & BUSDMA_DCACHE_MASK)
		dcache_wb_poc(va, pa, 1);
	if ((va + size) & BUSDMA_DCACHE_MASK)
		dcache_wb_poc(va + size, pa + size, 1);

	dcache_inv_poc_dma(va, pa, size);
}

static void
dma_dcache_sync(struct sync_list *sl, bus_dmasync_op_t op)
{
	uint32_t len, offset;
	vm_page_t m;
	vm_paddr_t pa;
	vm_offset_t va, tempva;
	bus_size_t size;

	offset = sl->paddr & PAGE_MASK;
	m = sl->pages;
	size = sl->datacount;
	pa = sl->paddr;

	for ( ; size != 0; size -= len, pa += len, offset = 0, ++m) {
		tempva = 0;
		if (sl->vaddr == 0) {
			len = min(PAGE_SIZE - offset, size);
			tempva = pmap_quick_enter_page(m);
			va = tempva | offset;
			KASSERT(pa == (VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m) | offset),
			    ("unexpected vm_page_t phys: 0x%08x != 0x%08x",
			    VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m) | offset, pa));
		} else {
			len = sl->datacount;
			va = sl->vaddr;
		}

		switch (op) {
		case BUS_DMASYNC_PREWRITE:
		case BUS_DMASYNC_PREWRITE | BUS_DMASYNC_PREREAD:
			dcache_wb_poc(va, pa, len);
			break;
		case BUS_DMASYNC_PREREAD:
			/*
			 * An mbuf may start in the middle of a cacheline. There
			 * will be no cpu writes to the beginning of that line
			 * (which contains the mbuf header) while dma is in
			 * progress.  Handle that case by doing a writeback of
			 * just the first cacheline before invalidating the
			 * overall buffer.  Any mbuf in a chain may have this
			 * misalignment.  Buffers which are not mbufs bounce if
			 * they are not aligned to a cacheline.
			 */
			dma_preread_safe(va, pa, len);
			break;
		case BUS_DMASYNC_POSTREAD:
		case BUS_DMASYNC_POSTREAD | BUS_DMASYNC_POSTWRITE:
			dcache_inv_poc(va, pa, len);
			break;
		default:
			panic("unsupported combination of sync operations: "
                              "0x%08x\n", op);
		}

		if (tempva != 0)
			pmap_quick_remove_page(tempva);
	}
}

void
bus_dmamap_sync(bus_dma_tag_t dmat, bus_dmamap_t map, bus_dmasync_op_t op)
{
	struct bounce_page *bpage;
	struct sync_list *sl, *end;
	vm_offset_t datavaddr, tempvaddr;

	if (op == BUS_DMASYNC_POSTWRITE)
		return;

	/*
	 * If the buffer was from user space, it is possible that this is not
	 * the same vm map, especially on a POST operation.  It's not clear that
	 * dma on userland buffers can work at all right now.  To be safe, until
	 * we're able to test direct userland dma, panic on a map mismatch.
	 */
	if ((bpage = STAILQ_FIRST(&map->bpages)) != NULL) {
		CTR4(KTR_BUSDMA, "%s: tag %p tag flags 0x%x op 0x%x "
		    "performing bounce", __func__, dmat, dmat->flags, op);

		/*
		 * For PREWRITE do a writeback.  Clean the caches from the
		 * innermost to the outermost levels.
		 */
		if (op & BUS_DMASYNC_PREWRITE) {
			while (bpage != NULL) {
				tempvaddr = 0;
				datavaddr = bpage->datavaddr;
				if (datavaddr == 0) {
					tempvaddr = pmap_quick_enter_page(
					    bpage->datapage);
					datavaddr = tempvaddr | bpage->dataoffs;
				}
				bcopy((void *)datavaddr, (void *)bpage->vaddr,
				    bpage->datacount);
				if (tempvaddr != 0)
					pmap_quick_remove_page(tempvaddr);
				if ((dmat->flags & BUS_DMA_COHERENT) == 0)
					dcache_wb_poc(bpage->vaddr,
					    bpage->busaddr, bpage->datacount);
				bpage = STAILQ_NEXT(bpage, links);
			}
			dmat->bounce_zone->total_bounced++;
		}

		/*
		 * Do an invalidate for PREREAD unless a writeback was already
		 * done above due to PREWRITE also being set.  The reason for a
		 * PREREAD invalidate is to prevent dirty lines currently in the
		 * cache from being evicted during the DMA.  If a writeback was
		 * done due to PREWRITE also being set there will be no dirty
		 * lines and the POSTREAD invalidate handles the rest. The
		 * invalidate is done from the innermost to outermost level. If
		 * L2 were done first, a dirty cacheline could be automatically
		 * evicted from L1 before we invalidated it, re-dirtying the L2.
		 */
		if ((op & BUS_DMASYNC_PREREAD) && !(op & BUS_DMASYNC_PREWRITE)) {
			bpage = STAILQ_FIRST(&map->bpages);
			while (bpage != NULL) {
				if ((dmat->flags & BUS_DMA_COHERENT) == 0)
					dcache_inv_poc_dma(bpage->vaddr,
					    bpage->busaddr, bpage->datacount);
				bpage = STAILQ_NEXT(bpage, links);
			}
		}

		/*
		 * Re-invalidate the caches on a POSTREAD, even though they were
		 * already invalidated at PREREAD time.  Aggressive prefetching
		 * due to accesses to other data near the dma buffer could have
		 * brought buffer data into the caches which is now stale.  The
		 * caches are invalidated from the outermost to innermost; the
		 * prefetches could be happening right now, and if L1 were
		 * invalidated first, stale L2 data could be prefetched into L1.
		 */
		if (op & BUS_DMASYNC_POSTREAD) {
			while (bpage != NULL) {
				if ((dmat->flags & BUS_DMA_COHERENT) == 0)
					dcache_inv_poc(bpage->vaddr,
					    bpage->busaddr, bpage->datacount);
				tempvaddr = 0;
				datavaddr = bpage->datavaddr;
				if (datavaddr == 0) {
					tempvaddr = pmap_quick_enter_page(
					    bpage->datapage);
					datavaddr = tempvaddr | bpage->dataoffs;
				}
				bcopy((void *)bpage->vaddr, (void *)datavaddr,
				    bpage->datacount);
				if (tempvaddr != 0)
					pmap_quick_remove_page(tempvaddr);
				bpage = STAILQ_NEXT(bpage, links);
			}
			dmat->bounce_zone->total_bounced++;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * For COHERENT memory no cache maintenance is necessary, but ensure all
	 * writes have reached memory for the PREWRITE case.  No action is
	 * needed for a PREREAD without PREWRITE also set, because that would
	 * imply that the cpu had written to the COHERENT buffer and expected
	 * the dma device to see that change, and by definition a PREWRITE sync
	 * is required to make that happen.
	 */
	if (map->flags & DMAMAP_COHERENT) {
		if (op & BUS_DMASYNC_PREWRITE) {
			dsb();
			if ((dmat->flags & BUS_DMA_COHERENT) == 0)
				cpu_l2cache_drain_writebuf();
		}
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * Cache maintenance for normal (non-COHERENT non-bounce) buffers.  All
	 * the comments about the sequences for flushing cache levels in the
	 * bounce buffer code above apply here as well.  In particular, the fact
	 * that the sequence is inner-to-outer for PREREAD invalidation and
	 * outer-to-inner for POSTREAD invalidation is not a mistake.
	 */
	if (map->sync_count != 0) {
		sl = &map->slist[0];
		end = &map->slist[map->sync_count];
		CTR4(KTR_BUSDMA, "%s: tag %p tag flags 0x%x op 0x%x "
		    "performing sync", __func__, dmat, dmat->flags, op);

		for ( ; sl != end; ++sl)
			dma_dcache_sync(sl, op);
	}
}