module/zfs/spa_errlog.c

/*
 * CDDL HEADER START
 *
 * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
 * Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").
 * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *
 * You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
 * or https://opensource.org/licenses/CDDL-1.0.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions
 * and limitations under the License.
 *
 * When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
 * file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
 * If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
 * fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
 * information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
 *
 * CDDL HEADER END
 */
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2006, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2013, 2014, Delphix. All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2019 Datto Inc.
 * Copyright (c) 2021, 2022, George Amanakis. All rights reserved.
 */

/*
 * Routines to manage the on-disk persistent error log.
 *
 * Each pool stores a log of all logical data errors seen during normal
 * operation.  This is actually the union of two distinct logs: the last log,
 * and the current log.  All errors seen are logged to the current log.  When a
 * scrub completes, the current log becomes the last log, the last log is thrown
 * out, and the current log is reinitialized.  This way, if an error is somehow
 * corrected, a new scrub will show that it no longer exists, and will be
 * deleted from the log when the scrub completes.
 *
 * The log is stored using a ZAP object whose key is a string form of the
 * zbookmark_phys tuple (objset, object, level, blkid), and whose contents is an
 * optional 'objset:object' human-readable string describing the data.  When an
 * error is first logged, this string will be empty, indicating that no name is
 * known.  This prevents us from having to issue a potentially large amount of
 * I/O to discover the object name during an error path.  Instead, we do the
 * calculation when the data is requested, storing the result so future queries
 * will be faster.
 *
 * If the head_errlog feature is enabled, a different on-disk format is used.
 * The error log of each head dataset is stored separately in the zap object
 * and keyed by the head id. This enables listing every dataset affected in
 * userland. In order to be able to track whether an error block has been
 * modified or added to snapshots since it was marked as an error, a new tuple
 * is introduced: zbookmark_err_phys_t. It allows the storage of the birth
 * transaction group of an error block on-disk. The birth transaction group is
 * used by check_filesystem() to assess whether this block was freed,
 * re-written or added to a snapshot since its marking as an error.
 *
 * This log is then shipped into an nvlist where the key is the dataset name and
 * the value is the object name.  Userland is then responsible for uniquifying
 * this list and displaying it to the user.
 */

#include <sys/dmu_tx.h>
#include <sys/spa.h>
#include <sys/spa_impl.h>
#include <sys/zap.h>
#include <sys/zio.h>
#include <sys/dsl_dir.h>
#include <sys/dmu_objset.h>
#include <sys/dbuf.h>
#include <sys/zfs_znode.h>

#define	NAME_MAX_LEN 64

/*
 * spa_upgrade_errlog_limit : A zfs module parameter that controls the number
 *		of on-disk error log entries that will be converted to the new
 *		format when enabling head_errlog. Defaults to 0 which converts
 *		all log entries.
 */
static uint_t spa_upgrade_errlog_limit = 0;

/*
 * Convert a bookmark to a string.
 */
static void
bookmark_to_name(zbookmark_phys_t *zb, char *buf, size_t len)
{
	(void) snprintf(buf, len, "%llx:%llx:%llx:%llx",
	    (u_longlong_t)zb->zb_objset, (u_longlong_t)zb->zb_object,
	    (u_longlong_t)zb->zb_level, (u_longlong_t)zb->zb_blkid);
}

/*
 * Convert an err_phys to a string.
 */
static void
errphys_to_name(zbookmark_err_phys_t *zep, char *buf, size_t len)
{
	(void) snprintf(buf, len, "%llx:%llx:%llx:%llx",
	    (u_longlong_t)zep->zb_object, (u_longlong_t)zep->zb_level,
	    (u_longlong_t)zep->zb_blkid, (u_longlong_t)zep->zb_birth);
}

/*
 * Convert a string to a err_phys.
 */
static void
name_to_errphys(char *buf, zbookmark_err_phys_t *zep)
{
	zep->zb_object = zfs_strtonum(buf, &buf);
	ASSERT(*buf == ':');
	zep->zb_level = (int)zfs_strtonum(buf + 1, &buf);
	ASSERT(*buf == ':');
	zep->zb_blkid = zfs_strtonum(buf + 1, &buf);
	ASSERT(*buf == ':');
	zep->zb_birth = zfs_strtonum(buf + 1, &buf);
	ASSERT(*buf == '\0');
}

/*
 * Convert a string to a bookmark.
 */
static void
name_to_bookmark(char *buf, zbookmark_phys_t *zb)
{
	zb->zb_objset = zfs_strtonum(buf, &buf);
	ASSERT(*buf == ':');
	zb->zb_object = zfs_strtonum(buf + 1, &buf);
	ASSERT(*buf == ':');
	zb->zb_level = (int)zfs_strtonum(buf + 1, &buf);
	ASSERT(*buf == ':');
	zb->zb_blkid = zfs_strtonum(buf + 1, &buf);
	ASSERT(*buf == '\0');
}

#ifdef _KERNEL
static int check_clones(spa_t *spa, uint64_t zap_clone, uint64_t snap_count,
    uint64_t *snap_obj_array, zbookmark_err_phys_t *zep, void* uaddr,
    uint64_t *count);

static void
zep_to_zb(uint64_t dataset, zbookmark_err_phys_t *zep, zbookmark_phys_t *zb)
{
	zb->zb_objset = dataset;
	zb->zb_object = zep->zb_object;
	zb->zb_level = zep->zb_level;
	zb->zb_blkid = zep->zb_blkid;
}
#endif

static void
name_to_object(char *buf, uint64_t *obj)
{
	*obj = zfs_strtonum(buf, &buf);
	ASSERT(*buf == '\0');
}

/*
 * Retrieve the head filesystem.
 */
static int get_head_ds(spa_t *spa, uint64_t dsobj, uint64_t *head_ds)
{
	dsl_dataset_t *ds;
	int error = dsl_dataset_hold_obj(spa->spa_dsl_pool,
	    dsobj, FTAG, &ds);

	if (error != 0)
		return (error);

	ASSERT(head_ds);
	*head_ds = dsl_dir_phys(ds->ds_dir)->dd_head_dataset_obj;
	dsl_dataset_rele(ds, FTAG);

	return (error);
}

/*
 * Log an uncorrectable error to the persistent error log.  We add it to the
 * spa's list of pending errors.  The changes are actually synced out to disk
 * during spa_errlog_sync().
 */
void
spa_log_error(spa_t *spa, const zbookmark_phys_t *zb, const uint64_t *birth)
{
	spa_error_entry_t search;
	spa_error_entry_t *new;
	avl_tree_t *tree;
	avl_index_t where;

	/*
	 * If we are trying to import a pool, ignore any errors, as we won't be
	 * writing to the pool any time soon.
	 */
	if (spa_load_state(spa) == SPA_LOAD_TRYIMPORT)
		return;

	mutex_enter(&spa->spa_errlist_lock);

	/*
	 * If we have had a request to rotate the log, log it to the next list
	 * instead of the current one.
	 */
	if (spa->spa_scrub_active || spa->spa_scrub_finished)
		tree = &spa->spa_errlist_scrub;
	else
		tree = &spa->spa_errlist_last;

	search.se_bookmark = *zb;
	if (avl_find(tree, &search, &where) != NULL) {
		mutex_exit(&spa->spa_errlist_lock);
		return;
	}

	new = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (spa_error_entry_t), KM_SLEEP);
	new->se_bookmark = *zb;

	/*
	 * If the head_errlog feature is enabled, store the birth txg now. In
	 * case the file is deleted before spa_errlog_sync() runs, we will not
	 * be able to retrieve the birth txg.
	 */
	if (spa_feature_is_enabled(spa, SPA_FEATURE_HEAD_ERRLOG)) {
		new->se_zep.zb_object = zb->zb_object;
		new->se_zep.zb_level = zb->zb_level;
		new->se_zep.zb_blkid = zb->zb_blkid;

		/*
		 * birth may end up being NULL, e.g. in zio_done(). We
		 * will handle this in process_error_block().
		 */
		if (birth != NULL)
			new->se_zep.zb_birth = *birth;
	}

	avl_insert(tree, new, where);
	mutex_exit(&spa->spa_errlist_lock);
}

#ifdef _KERNEL
static int
find_birth_txg(dsl_dataset_t *ds, zbookmark_err_phys_t *zep,
    uint64_t *birth_txg)
{
	objset_t *os;
	int error = dmu_objset_from_ds(ds, &os);
	if (error != 0)
		return (error);

	dnode_t *dn;
	blkptr_t bp;

	error = dnode_hold(os, zep->zb_object, FTAG, &dn);
	if (error != 0)
		return (error);

	rw_enter(&dn->dn_struct_rwlock, RW_READER);
	error = dbuf_dnode_findbp(dn, zep->zb_level, zep->zb_blkid, &bp, NULL,
	    NULL);
	if (error == 0 && BP_IS_HOLE(&bp))
		error = SET_ERROR(ENOENT);

	*birth_txg = bp.blk_birth;
	rw_exit(&dn->dn_struct_rwlock);
	dnode_rele(dn, FTAG);
	return (error);
}

/*
 * Copy the bookmark to the end of the user-space buffer which starts at
 * uaddr and has *count unused entries, and decrement *count by 1.
 */
static int
copyout_entry(const zbookmark_phys_t *zb, void *uaddr, uint64_t *count)
{
	if (*count == 0)
		return (SET_ERROR(ENOMEM));

	*count -= 1;
	if (copyout(zb, (char *)uaddr + (*count) * sizeof (zbookmark_phys_t),
	    sizeof (zbookmark_phys_t)) != 0)
		return (SET_ERROR(EFAULT));
	return (0);
}

/*
 * Each time the error block is referenced by a snapshot or clone, add a
 * zbookmark_phys_t entry to the userspace array at uaddr. The array is
 * filled from the back and the in-out parameter *count is modified to be the
 * number of unused entries at the beginning of the array.
 */
static int
check_filesystem(spa_t *spa, uint64_t head_ds, zbookmark_err_phys_t *zep,
    void *uaddr, uint64_t *count)
{
	dsl_dataset_t *ds;
	dsl_pool_t *dp = spa->spa_dsl_pool;

	int error = dsl_dataset_hold_obj(dp, head_ds, FTAG, &ds);
	if (error != 0)
		return (error);

	uint64_t latest_txg;
	uint64_t txg_to_consider = spa->spa_syncing_txg;
	boolean_t check_snapshot = B_TRUE;
	error = find_birth_txg(ds, zep, &latest_txg);

	/*
	 * If the filesystem is encrypted and the key is not loaded
	 * or the encrypted filesystem is not mounted the error will be EACCES.
	 * In that case report an error in the head filesystem and return.
	 */
	if (error == EACCES) {
		dsl_dataset_rele(ds, FTAG);
		zbookmark_phys_t zb;
		zep_to_zb(head_ds, zep, &zb);
		error = copyout_entry(&zb, uaddr, count);
		if (error != 0) {
			dsl_dataset_rele(ds, FTAG);
			return (error);
		}
		return (0);
	}

	/*
	 * If find_birth_txg() errors out otherwise, let txg_to_consider be
	 * equal to the spa's syncing txg: if check_filesystem() errors out
	 * then affected snapshots or clones will not be checked.
	 */
	if (error == 0 && zep->zb_birth == latest_txg) {
		/* Block neither free nor rewritten. */
		zbookmark_phys_t zb;
		zep_to_zb(head_ds, zep, &zb);
		error = copyout_entry(&zb, uaddr, count);
		if (error != 0) {
			dsl_dataset_rele(ds, FTAG);
			return (error);
		}
		check_snapshot = B_FALSE;
	} else if (error == 0) {
		txg_to_consider = latest_txg;
	}

	/*
	 * Retrieve the number of snapshots if the dataset is not a snapshot.
	 */
	uint64_t snap_count = 0;
	if (dsl_dataset_phys(ds)->ds_snapnames_zapobj != 0) {

		error = zap_count(spa->spa_meta_objset,
		    dsl_dataset_phys(ds)->ds_snapnames_zapobj, &snap_count);

		if (error != 0) {
			dsl_dataset_rele(ds, FTAG);
			return (error);
		}

		if (snap_count == 0) {
			/* Filesystem without snapshots. */
			dsl_dataset_rele(ds, FTAG);
			return (0);
		}
	}

	uint64_t *snap_obj_array = kmem_zalloc(snap_count * sizeof (uint64_t),
	    KM_SLEEP);

	int aff_snap_count = 0;
	uint64_t snap_obj = dsl_dataset_phys(ds)->ds_prev_snap_obj;
	uint64_t snap_obj_txg = dsl_dataset_phys(ds)->ds_prev_snap_txg;
	uint64_t zap_clone = dsl_dir_phys(ds->ds_dir)->dd_clones;

	dsl_dataset_rele(ds, FTAG);

	/* Check only snapshots created from this file system. */
	while (snap_obj != 0 && zep->zb_birth < snap_obj_txg &&
	    snap_obj_txg <= txg_to_consider) {

		error = dsl_dataset_hold_obj(dp, snap_obj, FTAG, &ds);
		if (error != 0)
			goto out;

		if (dsl_dir_phys(ds->ds_dir)->dd_head_dataset_obj != head_ds) {
			snap_obj = dsl_dataset_phys(ds)->ds_prev_snap_obj;
			snap_obj_txg = dsl_dataset_phys(ds)->ds_prev_snap_txg;
			dsl_dataset_rele(ds, FTAG);
			continue;
		}

		boolean_t affected = B_TRUE;
		if (check_snapshot) {
			uint64_t blk_txg;
			error = find_birth_txg(ds, zep, &blk_txg);
			affected = (error == 0 && zep->zb_birth == blk_txg);
		}

		/* Report errors in snapshots. */
		if (affected) {
			snap_obj_array[aff_snap_count] = snap_obj;
			aff_snap_count++;

			zbookmark_phys_t zb;
			zep_to_zb(snap_obj, zep, &zb);
			error = copyout_entry(&zb, uaddr, count);
			if (error != 0) {
				dsl_dataset_rele(ds, FTAG);
				goto out;
			}
		}
		snap_obj = dsl_dataset_phys(ds)->ds_prev_snap_obj;
		snap_obj_txg = dsl_dataset_phys(ds)->ds_prev_snap_txg;
		dsl_dataset_rele(ds, FTAG);
	}

	if (zap_clone != 0 && aff_snap_count > 0) {
		error = check_clones(spa, zap_clone, snap_count, snap_obj_array,
		    zep, uaddr, count);
	}

out:
	kmem_free(snap_obj_array, sizeof (*snap_obj_array));
	return (error);
}

/*
 * Clone checking.
 */
static int check_clones(spa_t *spa, uint64_t zap_clone, uint64_t snap_count,
    uint64_t *snap_obj_array, zbookmark_err_phys_t *zep, void* uaddr,
    uint64_t *count)
{
	int error = 0;
	zap_cursor_t *zc;
	zap_attribute_t *za;

	zc = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (zap_cursor_t), KM_SLEEP);
	za = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (zap_attribute_t), KM_SLEEP);

	for (zap_cursor_init(zc, spa->spa_meta_objset, zap_clone);
	    zap_cursor_retrieve(zc, za) == 0;
	    zap_cursor_advance(zc)) {

		dsl_pool_t *dp = spa->spa_dsl_pool;
		dsl_dataset_t *clone;
		error = dsl_dataset_hold_obj(dp, za->za_first_integer,
		    FTAG, &clone);

		if (error != 0)
			break;

		/*
		 * Only clones whose origins were affected could also
		 * have affected snapshots.
		 */
		boolean_t found = B_FALSE;
		for (int i = 0; i < snap_count; i++) {
			if (dsl_dir_phys(clone->ds_dir)->dd_origin_obj
			    == snap_obj_array[i])
				found = B_TRUE;
		}
		dsl_dataset_rele(clone, FTAG);

		if (!found)
			continue;

		error = check_filesystem(spa, za->za_first_integer, zep,
		    uaddr, count);

		if (error != 0)
			break;
	}

	kmem_free(za, sizeof (*za));
	kmem_free(zc, sizeof (*zc));
	zap_cursor_fini(zc);

	return (error);
}

static int
find_top_affected_fs(spa_t *spa, uint64_t head_ds, zbookmark_err_phys_t *zep,
    uint64_t *top_affected_fs)
{
	uint64_t oldest_dsobj;
	int error = dsl_dataset_oldest_snapshot(spa, head_ds, zep->zb_birth,
	    &oldest_dsobj);
	if (error != 0)
		return (error);

	dsl_dataset_t *ds;
	error = dsl_dataset_hold_obj(spa->spa_dsl_pool, oldest_dsobj,
	    FTAG, &ds);
	if (error != 0)
		return (error);

	*top_affected_fs =
	    dsl_dir_phys(ds->ds_dir)->dd_head_dataset_obj;
	dsl_dataset_rele(ds, FTAG);
	return (0);
}

static int
process_error_block(spa_t *spa, uint64_t head_ds, zbookmark_err_phys_t *zep,
    void *uaddr, uint64_t *count)
{
	/*
	 * If zb_birth == 0 or head_ds == 0 it means we failed to retrieve the
	 * birth txg or the head filesystem of the block pointer. This may
	 * happen e.g. when an encrypted filesystem is not mounted or when
	 * the key is not loaded. In this case do not proceed to
	 * check_filesystem(), instead do the accounting here.
	 */
	if (zep->zb_birth == 0 || head_ds == 0) {
		zbookmark_phys_t zb;
		zep_to_zb(head_ds, zep, &zb);
		int error = copyout_entry(&zb, uaddr, count);
		if (error != 0) {
			return (error);
		}
		return (0);
	}

	uint64_t top_affected_fs;
	int error = find_top_affected_fs(spa, head_ds, zep, &top_affected_fs);
	if (error == 0) {
		error = check_filesystem(spa, top_affected_fs, zep,
		    uaddr, count);
	}

	return (error);
}
#endif

/*
 * If a healed bookmark matches an entry in the error log we stash it in a tree
 * so that we can later remove the related log entries in sync context.
 */
static void
spa_add_healed_error(spa_t *spa, uint64_t obj, zbookmark_phys_t *healed_zb)
{
	char name[NAME_MAX_LEN];

	if (obj == 0)
		return;

	bookmark_to_name(healed_zb, name, sizeof (name));
	mutex_enter(&spa->spa_errlog_lock);
	if (zap_contains(spa->spa_meta_objset, obj, name) == 0) {
		/*
		 * Found an error matching healed zb, add zb to our
		 * tree of healed errors
		 */
		avl_tree_t *tree = &spa->spa_errlist_healed;
		spa_error_entry_t search;
		spa_error_entry_t *new;
		avl_index_t where;
		search.se_bookmark = *healed_zb;
		mutex_enter(&spa->spa_errlist_lock);
		if (avl_find(tree, &search, &where) != NULL) {
			mutex_exit(&spa->spa_errlist_lock);
			mutex_exit(&spa->spa_errlog_lock);
			return;
		}
		new = kmem_zalloc(sizeof (spa_error_entry_t), KM_SLEEP);
		new->se_bookmark = *healed_zb;
		avl_insert(tree, new, where);
		mutex_exit(&spa->spa_errlist_lock);
	}
	mutex_exit(&spa->spa_errlog_lock);
}

/*
 * If this error exists in the given tree remove it.
 */
static void
remove_error_from_list(spa_t *spa, avl_tree_t *t, const zbookmark_phys_t *zb)
{
	spa_error_entry_t search, *found;
	avl_index_t where;

	mutex_enter(&spa->spa_errlist_lock);
	search.se_bookmark = *zb;
	if ((found = avl_find(t, &search, &where)) != NULL) {
		avl_remove(t, found);
		kmem_free(found, sizeof (spa_error_entry_t));
	}
	mutex_exit(&spa->spa_errlist_lock);
}


/*
 * Removes all of the recv healed errors from both on-disk error logs
 */
static void
spa_remove_healed_errors(spa_t *spa, avl_tree_t *s, avl_tree_t *l, dmu_tx_t *tx)
{
	char name[NAME_MAX_LEN];
	spa_error_entry_t *se;
	void *cookie = NULL;

	ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&spa->spa_errlog_lock));

	while ((se = avl_destroy_nodes(&spa->spa_errlist_healed,
	    &cookie)) != NULL) {
		remove_error_from_list(spa, s, &se->se_bookmark);
		remove_error_from_list(spa, l, &se->se_bookmark);
		bookmark_to_name(&se->se_bookmark, name, sizeof (name));
		kmem_free(se, sizeof (spa_error_entry_t));
		(void) zap_remove(spa->spa_meta_objset,
		    spa->spa_errlog_last, name, tx);
		(void) zap_remove(spa->spa_meta_objset,
		    spa->spa_errlog_scrub, name, tx);
	}
}

/*
 * Stash away healed bookmarks to remove them from the on-disk error logs
 * later in spa_remove_healed_errors().
 */
void
spa_remove_error(spa_t *spa, zbookmark_phys_t *zb)
{
	char name[NAME_MAX_LEN];

	bookmark_to_name(zb, name, sizeof (name));

	spa_add_healed_error(spa, spa->spa_errlog_last, zb);
	spa_add_healed_error(spa, spa->spa_errlog_scrub, zb);
}

static uint64_t
approx_errlog_size_impl(spa_t *spa, uint64_t spa_err_obj)
{
	if (spa_err_obj == 0)
		return (0);
	uint64_t total = 0;

	zap_cursor_t zc;
	zap_attribute_t za;
	for (zap_cursor_init(&zc, spa->spa_meta_objset, spa_err_obj);
	    zap_cursor_retrieve(&zc, &za) == 0; zap_cursor_advance(&zc)) {
		uint64_t count;
		if (zap_count(spa->spa_meta_objset, za.za_first_integer,
		    &count) == 0)
			total += count;
	}
	zap_cursor_fini(&zc);
	return (total);
}

/*
 * Return the approximate number of errors currently in the error log.  This
 * will be nonzero if there are some errors, but otherwise it may be more
 * or less than the number of entries returned by spa_get_errlog().
 */
uint64_t
spa_approx_errlog_size(spa_t *spa)
{
	uint64_t total = 0;

	if (!spa_feature_is_enabled(spa, SPA_FEATURE_HEAD_ERRLOG)) {
		mutex_enter(&spa->spa_errlog_lock);
		uint64_t count;
		if (spa->spa_errlog_scrub != 0 &&
		    zap_count(spa->spa_meta_objset, spa->spa_errlog_scrub,
		    &count) == 0)
			total += count;

		if (spa->spa_errlog_last != 0 && !spa->spa_scrub_finished &&
		    zap_count(spa->spa_meta_objset, spa->spa_errlog_last,
		    &count) == 0)
			total += count;
		mutex_exit(&spa->spa_errlog_lock);

	} else {
		mutex_enter(&spa->spa_errlog_lock);
		total += approx_errlog_size_impl(spa, spa->spa_errlog_last);
		total += approx_errlog_size_impl(spa, spa->spa_errlog_scrub);
		mutex_exit(&spa->spa_errlog_lock);
	}
	mutex_enter(&spa->spa_errlist_lock);
	total += avl_numnodes(&spa->spa_errlist_last);
	total += avl_numnodes(&spa->spa_errlist_scrub);
	mutex_exit(&spa->spa_errlist_lock);
	return (total);
}

/*
 * This function sweeps through an on-disk error log and stores all bookmarks
 * as error bookmarks in a new ZAP object. At the end we discard the old one,
 * and spa_update_errlog() will set the spa's on-disk error log to new ZAP
 * object.
 */
static void
sync_upgrade_errlog(spa_t *spa, uint64_t spa_err_obj, uint64_t *newobj,
    dmu_tx_t *tx)
{
	zap_cursor_t zc;
	zap_attribute_t za;
	zbookmark_phys_t zb;
	uint64_t count;

	*newobj = zap_create(spa->spa_meta_objset, DMU_OT_ERROR_LOG,
	    DMU_OT_NONE, 0, tx);

	/*
	 * If we cannnot perform the upgrade we should clear the old on-disk
	 * error logs.
	 */
	if (zap_count(spa->spa_meta_objset, spa_err_obj, &count) != 0) {
		VERIFY0(dmu_object_free(spa->spa_meta_objset, spa_err_obj, tx));
		return;
	}

	for (zap_cursor_init(&zc, spa->spa_meta_objset, spa_err_obj);
	    zap_cursor_retrieve(&zc, &za) == 0;
	    zap_cursor_advance(&zc)) {
		if (spa_upgrade_errlog_limit != 0 &&
		    zc.zc_cd == spa_upgrade_errlog_limit)
			break;

		name_to_bookmark(za.za_name, &zb);

		zbookmark_err_phys_t zep;
		zep.zb_object = zb.zb_object;
		zep.zb_level = zb.zb_level;
		zep.zb_blkid = zb.zb_blkid;
		zep.zb_birth = 0;

		/*
		 * In case of an error we should simply continue instead of
		 * returning prematurely. See the next comment.
		 */
		uint64_t head_ds;
		dsl_pool_t *dp = spa->spa_dsl_pool;
		dsl_dataset_t *ds;
		objset_t *os;

		int error = dsl_dataset_hold_obj(dp, zb.zb_objset, FTAG, &ds);
		if (error != 0)
			continue;

		head_ds = dsl_dir_phys(ds->ds_dir)->dd_head_dataset_obj;

		/*
		 * The objset and the dnode are required for getting the block
		 * pointer, which is used to determine if BP_IS_HOLE(). If
		 * getting the objset or the dnode fails, do not create a
		 * zap entry (presuming we know the dataset) as this may create
		 * spurious errors that we cannot ever resolve. If an error is
		 * truly persistent, it should re-appear after a scan.
		 */
		if (dmu_objset_from_ds(ds, &os) != 0) {
			dsl_dataset_rele(ds, FTAG);
			continue;
		}

		dnode_t *dn;
		blkptr_t bp;

		if (dnode_hold(os, zep.zb_object, FTAG, &dn) != 0) {
			dsl_dataset_rele(ds, FTAG);
			continue;
		}

		rw_enter(&dn->dn_struct_rwlock, RW_READER);
		error = dbuf_dnode_findbp(dn, zep.zb_level, zep.zb_blkid, &bp,
		    NULL, NULL);
		if (error == EACCES)
			error = 0;
		else if (!error)
			zep.zb_birth = bp.blk_birth;

		rw_exit(&dn->dn_struct_rwlock);
		dnode_rele(dn, FTAG);
		dsl_dataset_rele(ds, FTAG);

		if (error != 0 || BP_IS_HOLE(&bp))
			continue;

		uint64_t err_obj;
		error = zap_lookup_int_key(spa->spa_meta_objset, *newobj,
		    head_ds, &err_obj);

		if (error == ENOENT) {
			err_obj = zap_create(spa->spa_meta_objset,
			    DMU_OT_ERROR_LOG, DMU_OT_NONE, 0, tx);

			(void) zap_update_int_key(spa->spa_meta_objset,
			    *newobj, head_ds, err_obj, tx);
		}

		char buf[64];
		errphys_to_name(&zep, buf, sizeof (buf));

		const char *name = "";
		(void) zap_update(spa->spa_meta_objset, err_obj,
		    buf, 1, strlen(name) + 1, name, tx);
	}
	zap_cursor_fini(&zc);

	VERIFY0(dmu_object_free(spa->spa_meta_objset, spa_err_obj, tx));
}

void
spa_upgrade_errlog(spa_t *spa, dmu_tx_t *tx)
{
	uint64_t newobj = 0;

	mutex_enter(&spa->spa_errlog_lock);
	if (spa->spa_errlog_last != 0) {
		sync_upgrade_errlog(spa, spa->spa_errlog_last, &newobj, tx);
		spa->spa_errlog_last = newobj;
	}

	if (spa->spa_errlog_scrub != 0) {
		sync_upgrade_errlog(spa, spa->spa_errlog_scrub, &newobj, tx);
		spa->spa_errlog_scrub = newobj;
	}
	mutex_exit(&spa->spa_errlog_lock);
}

#ifdef _KERNEL
/*
 * If an error block is shared by two datasets it will be counted twice.
 */
static int
process_error_log(spa_t *spa, uint64_t obj, void *uaddr, uint64_t *count)
{
	zap_cursor_t zc;
	zap_attribute_t za;

	if (obj == 0)
		return (0);

	if (!spa_feature_is_enabled(spa, SPA_FEATURE_HEAD_ERRLOG)) {
		for (zap_cursor_init(&zc, spa->spa_meta_objset, obj);
		    zap_cursor_retrieve(&zc, &za) == 0;
		    zap_cursor_advance(&zc)) {
			if (*count == 0) {
				zap_cursor_fini(&zc);
				return (SET_ERROR(ENOMEM));
			}

			zbookmark_phys_t zb;
			name_to_bookmark(za.za_name, &zb);

			int error = copyout_entry(&zb, uaddr, count);
			if (error != 0) {
				zap_cursor_fini(&zc);
				return (error);
			}
		}
		zap_cursor_fini(&zc);
		return (0);
	}

	for (zap_cursor_init(&zc, spa->spa_meta_objset, obj);
	    zap_cursor_retrieve(&zc, &za) == 0;
	    zap_cursor_advance(&zc)) {

		zap_cursor_t head_ds_cursor;
		zap_attribute_t head_ds_attr;

		uint64_t head_ds_err_obj = za.za_first_integer;
		uint64_t head_ds;
		name_to_object(za.za_name, &head_ds);
		for (zap_cursor_init(&head_ds_cursor, spa->spa_meta_objset,
		    head_ds_err_obj); zap_cursor_retrieve(&head_ds_cursor,
		    &head_ds_attr) == 0; zap_cursor_advance(&head_ds_cursor)) {

			zbookmark_err_phys_t head_ds_block;
			name_to_errphys(head_ds_attr.za_name, &head_ds_block);
			int error = process_error_block(spa, head_ds,
			    &head_ds_block, uaddr, count);

			if (error != 0) {
				zap_cursor_fini(&head_ds_cursor);
				zap_cursor_fini(&zc);
				return (error);
			}
		}
		zap_cursor_fini(&head_ds_cursor);
	}
	zap_cursor_fini(&zc);
	return (0);
}

static int
process_error_list(spa_t *spa, avl_tree_t *list, void *uaddr, uint64_t *count)
{
	spa_error_entry_t *se;

	if (!spa_feature_is_enabled(spa, SPA_FEATURE_HEAD_ERRLOG)) {
		for (se = avl_first(list); se != NULL;
		    se = AVL_NEXT(list, se)) {
			int error =
			    copyout_entry(&se->se_bookmark, uaddr, count);
			if (error != 0) {
				return (error);
			}
		}
		return (0);
	}

	for (se = avl_first(list); se != NULL; se = AVL_NEXT(list, se)) {
		uint64_t head_ds = 0;
		int error = get_head_ds(spa, se->se_bookmark.zb_objset,
		    &head_ds);

		/*
		 * If get_head_ds() errors out, set the head filesystem
		 * to the filesystem stored in the bookmark of the
		 * error block.
		 */
		if (error != 0)
			head_ds = se->se_bookmark.zb_objset;

		error = process_error_block(spa, head_ds,
		    &se->se_zep, uaddr, count);
		if (error != 0)
			return (error);
	}
	return (0);
}
#endif

/*
 * Copy all known errors to userland as an array of bookmarks.  This is
 * actually a union of the on-disk last log and current log, as well as any
 * pending error requests.
 *
 * Because the act of reading the on-disk log could cause errors to be
 * generated, we have two separate locks: one for the error log and one for the
 * in-core error lists.  We only need the error list lock to log and error, so
 * we grab the error log lock while we read the on-disk logs, and only pick up
 * the error list lock when we are finished.
 */
int
spa_get_errlog(spa_t *spa, void *uaddr, uint64_t *count)
{
	int ret = 0;

#ifdef _KERNEL
	/*
	 * The pool config lock is needed to hold a dataset_t via (among other
	 * places) process_error_list() -> process_error_block()->
	 * find_top_affected_fs(), and lock ordering requires that we get it
	 * before the spa_errlog_lock.
	 */
	dsl_pool_config_enter(spa->spa_dsl_pool, FTAG);
	mutex_enter(&spa->spa_errlog_lock);

	ret = process_error_log(spa, spa->spa_errlog_scrub, uaddr, count);

	if (!ret && !spa->spa_scrub_finished)
		ret = process_error_log(spa, spa->spa_errlog_last, uaddr,
		    count);

	mutex_enter(&spa->spa_errlist_lock);
	if (!ret)
		ret = process_error_list(spa, &spa->spa_errlist_scrub, uaddr,
		    count);
	if (!ret)
		ret = process_error_list(spa, &spa->spa_errlist_last, uaddr,
		    count);
	mutex_exit(&spa->spa_errlist_lock);

	mutex_exit(&spa->spa_errlog_lock);
	dsl_pool_config_exit(spa->spa_dsl_pool, FTAG);
#else
	(void) spa, (void) uaddr, (void) count;
#endif

	return (ret);
}

/*
 * Called when a scrub completes.  This simply set a bit which tells which AVL
 * tree to add new errors.  spa_errlog_sync() is responsible for actually
 * syncing the changes to the underlying objects.
 */
void
spa_errlog_rotate(spa_t *spa)
{
	mutex_enter(&spa->spa_errlist_lock);
	spa->spa_scrub_finished = B_TRUE;
	mutex_exit(&spa->spa_errlist_lock);
}

/*
 * Discard any pending errors from the spa_t.  Called when unloading a faulted
 * pool, as the errors encountered during the open cannot be synced to disk.
 */
void
spa_errlog_drain(spa_t *spa)
{
	spa_error_entry_t *se;
	void *cookie;

	mutex_enter(&spa->spa_errlist_lock);

	cookie = NULL;
	while ((se = avl_destroy_nodes(&spa->spa_errlist_last,
	    &cookie)) != NULL)
		kmem_free(se, sizeof (spa_error_entry_t));
	cookie = NULL;
	while ((se = avl_destroy_nodes(&spa->spa_errlist_scrub,
	    &cookie)) != NULL)
		kmem_free(se, sizeof (spa_error_entry_t));

	mutex_exit(&spa->spa_errlist_lock);
}

/*
 * Process a list of errors into the current on-disk log.
 */
void
sync_error_list(spa_t *spa, avl_tree_t *t, uint64_t *obj, dmu_tx_t *tx)
{
	spa_error_entry_t *se;
	char buf[NAME_MAX_LEN];
	void *cookie;

	if (avl_numnodes(t) == 0)
		return;

	/* create log if necessary */
	if (*obj == 0)
		*obj = zap_create(spa->spa_meta_objset, DMU_OT_ERROR_LOG,
		    DMU_OT_NONE, 0, tx);

	/* add errors to the current log */
	if (!spa_feature_is_enabled(spa, SPA_FEATURE_HEAD_ERRLOG)) {
		for (se = avl_first(t); se != NULL; se = AVL_NEXT(t, se)) {
			bookmark_to_name(&se->se_bookmark, buf, sizeof (buf));

			const char *name = se->se_name ? se->se_name : "";
			(void) zap_update(spa->spa_meta_objset, *obj, buf, 1,
			    strlen(name) + 1, name, tx);
		}
	} else {
		for (se = avl_first(t); se != NULL; se = AVL_NEXT(t, se)) {
			zbookmark_err_phys_t zep;
			zep.zb_object = se->se_zep.zb_object;
			zep.zb_level = se->se_zep.zb_level;
			zep.zb_blkid = se->se_zep.zb_blkid;
			zep.zb_birth = se->se_zep.zb_birth;

			uint64_t head_ds = 0;
			int error = get_head_ds(spa, se->se_bookmark.zb_objset,
			    &head_ds);

			/*
			 * If get_head_ds() errors out, set the head filesystem
			 * to the filesystem stored in the bookmark of the
			 * error block.
			 */
			if (error != 0)
				head_ds = se->se_bookmark.zb_objset;

			uint64_t err_obj;
			error = zap_lookup_int_key(spa->spa_meta_objset,
			    *obj, head_ds, &err_obj);

			if (error == ENOENT) {
				err_obj = zap_create(spa->spa_meta_objset,
				    DMU_OT_ERROR_LOG, DMU_OT_NONE, 0, tx);

				(void) zap_update_int_key(spa->spa_meta_objset,
				    *obj, head_ds, err_obj, tx);
			}
			errphys_to_name(&zep, buf, sizeof (buf));

			const char *name = se->se_name ? se->se_name : "";
			(void) zap_update(spa->spa_meta_objset,
			    err_obj, buf, 1, strlen(name) + 1, name, tx);
		}
	}
	/* purge the error list */
	cookie = NULL;
	while ((se = avl_destroy_nodes(t, &cookie)) != NULL)
		kmem_free(se, sizeof (spa_error_entry_t));
}

static void
delete_errlog(spa_t *spa, uint64_t spa_err_obj, dmu_tx_t *tx)
{
	if (spa_feature_is_enabled(spa, SPA_FEATURE_HEAD_ERRLOG)) {
		zap_cursor_t zc;
		zap_attribute_t za;
		for (zap_cursor_init(&zc, spa->spa_meta_objset, spa_err_obj);
		    zap_cursor_retrieve(&zc, &za) == 0;
		    zap_cursor_advance(&zc)) {
			VERIFY0(dmu_object_free(spa->spa_meta_objset,
			    za.za_first_integer, tx));
		}
		zap_cursor_fini(&zc);
	}
	VERIFY0(dmu_object_free(spa->spa_meta_objset, spa_err_obj, tx));
}

/*
 * Sync the error log out to disk.  This is a little tricky because the act of
 * writing the error log requires the spa_errlist_lock.  So, we need to lock the
 * error lists, take a copy of the lists, and then reinitialize them.  Then, we
 * drop the error list lock and take the error log lock, at which point we
 * do the errlog processing.  Then, if we encounter an I/O error during this
 * process, we can successfully add the error to the list.  Note that this will
 * result in the perpetual recycling of errors, but it is an unlikely situation
 * and not a performance critical operation.
 */
void
spa_errlog_sync(spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg)
{
	dmu_tx_t *tx;
	avl_tree_t scrub, last;
	int scrub_finished;

	mutex_enter(&spa->spa_errlist_lock);

	/*
	 * Bail out early under normal circumstances.
	 */
	if (avl_numnodes(&spa->spa_errlist_scrub) == 0 &&
	    avl_numnodes(&spa->spa_errlist_last) == 0 &&
	    avl_numnodes(&spa->spa_errlist_healed) == 0 &&
	    !spa->spa_scrub_finished) {
		mutex_exit(&spa->spa_errlist_lock);
		return;
	}

	spa_get_errlists(spa, &last, &scrub);
	scrub_finished = spa->spa_scrub_finished;
	spa->spa_scrub_finished = B_FALSE;

	mutex_exit(&spa->spa_errlist_lock);

	/*
	 * The pool config lock is needed to hold a dataset_t via
	 * sync_error_list() -> get_head_ds(), and lock ordering
	 * requires that we get it before the spa_errlog_lock.
	 */
	dsl_pool_config_enter(spa->spa_dsl_pool, FTAG);
	mutex_enter(&spa->spa_errlog_lock);

	tx = dmu_tx_create_assigned(spa->spa_dsl_pool, txg);

	/*
	 * Remove healed errors from errors.
	 */
	spa_remove_healed_errors(spa, &last, &scrub, tx);

	/*
	 * Sync out the current list of errors.
	 */
	sync_error_list(spa, &last, &spa->spa_errlog_last, tx);

	/*
	 * Rotate the log if necessary.
	 */
	if (scrub_finished) {
		if (spa->spa_errlog_last != 0)
			delete_errlog(spa, spa->spa_errlog_last, tx);
		spa->spa_errlog_last = spa->spa_errlog_scrub;
		spa->spa_errlog_scrub = 0;

		sync_error_list(spa, &scrub, &spa->spa_errlog_last, tx);
	}

	/*
	 * Sync out any pending scrub errors.
	 */
	sync_error_list(spa, &scrub, &spa->spa_errlog_scrub, tx);

	/*
	 * Update the MOS to reflect the new values.
	 */
	(void) zap_update(spa->spa_meta_objset, DMU_POOL_DIRECTORY_OBJECT,
	    DMU_POOL_ERRLOG_LAST, sizeof (uint64_t), 1,
	    &spa->spa_errlog_last, tx);
	(void) zap_update(spa->spa_meta_objset, DMU_POOL_DIRECTORY_OBJECT,
	    DMU_POOL_ERRLOG_SCRUB, sizeof (uint64_t), 1,
	    &spa->spa_errlog_scrub, tx);

	dmu_tx_commit(tx);

	mutex_exit(&spa->spa_errlog_lock);
	dsl_pool_config_exit(spa->spa_dsl_pool, FTAG);
}

static void
delete_dataset_errlog(spa_t *spa, uint64_t spa_err_obj, uint64_t ds,
    dmu_tx_t *tx)
{
	if (spa_err_obj == 0)
		return;

	zap_cursor_t zc;
	zap_attribute_t za;
	for (zap_cursor_init(&zc, spa->spa_meta_objset, spa_err_obj);
	    zap_cursor_retrieve(&zc, &za) == 0; zap_cursor_advance(&zc)) {
		uint64_t head_ds;
		name_to_object(za.za_name, &head_ds);
		if (head_ds == ds) {
			(void) zap_remove(spa->spa_meta_objset, spa_err_obj,
			    za.za_name, tx);
			VERIFY0(dmu_object_free(spa->spa_meta_objset,
			    za.za_first_integer, tx));
			break;
		}
	}
	zap_cursor_fini(&zc);
}

void
spa_delete_dataset_errlog(spa_t *spa, uint64_t ds, dmu_tx_t *tx)
{
	mutex_enter(&spa->spa_errlog_lock);
	delete_dataset_errlog(spa, spa->spa_errlog_scrub, ds, tx);
	delete_dataset_errlog(spa, spa->spa_errlog_last, ds, tx);
	mutex_exit(&spa->spa_errlog_lock);
}

static int
find_txg_ancestor_snapshot(spa_t *spa, uint64_t new_head, uint64_t old_head,
    uint64_t *txg)
{
	dsl_dataset_t *ds;
	dsl_pool_t *dp = spa->spa_dsl_pool;

	int error = dsl_dataset_hold_obj(dp, old_head, FTAG, &ds);
	if (error != 0)
		return (error);

	uint64_t prev_obj = dsl_dataset_phys(ds)->ds_prev_snap_obj;
	uint64_t prev_obj_txg = dsl_dataset_phys(ds)->ds_prev_snap_txg;

	while (prev_obj != 0) {
		dsl_dataset_rele(ds, FTAG);
		if ((error = dsl_dataset_hold_obj(dp, prev_obj,
		    FTAG, &ds)) == 0 &&
		    dsl_dir_phys(ds->ds_dir)->dd_head_dataset_obj == new_head)
			break;

		if (error != 0)
			return (error);

		prev_obj_txg = dsl_dataset_phys(ds)->ds_prev_snap_txg;
		prev_obj = dsl_dataset_phys(ds)->ds_prev_snap_obj;
	}
	dsl_dataset_rele(ds, FTAG);
	ASSERT(prev_obj != 0);
	*txg = prev_obj_txg;
	return (0);
}

static void
swap_errlog(spa_t *spa, uint64_t spa_err_obj, uint64_t new_head, uint64_t
    old_head, dmu_tx_t *tx)
{
	if (spa_err_obj == 0)
		return;

	uint64_t old_head_errlog;
	int error = zap_lookup_int_key(spa->spa_meta_objset, spa_err_obj,
	    old_head, &old_head_errlog);

	/* If no error log, then there is nothing to do. */
	if (error != 0)
		return;

	uint64_t txg;
	error = find_txg_ancestor_snapshot(spa, new_head, old_head, &txg);
	if (error != 0)
		return;

	/*
	 * Create an error log if the file system being promoted does not
	 * already have one.
	 */
	uint64_t new_head_errlog;
	error = zap_lookup_int_key(spa->spa_meta_objset, spa_err_obj, new_head,
	    &new_head_errlog);

	if (error != 0) {
		new_head_errlog = zap_create(spa->spa_meta_objset,
		    DMU_OT_ERROR_LOG, DMU_OT_NONE, 0, tx);

		(void) zap_update_int_key(spa->spa_meta_objset, spa_err_obj,
		    new_head, new_head_errlog, tx);
	}

	zap_cursor_t zc;
	zap_attribute_t za;
	zbookmark_err_phys_t err_block;
	for (zap_cursor_init(&zc, spa->spa_meta_objset, old_head_errlog);
	    zap_cursor_retrieve(&zc, &za) == 0; zap_cursor_advance(&zc)) {

		const char *name = "";
		name_to_errphys(za.za_name, &err_block);
		if (err_block.zb_birth < txg) {
			(void) zap_update(spa->spa_meta_objset, new_head_errlog,
			    za.za_name, 1, strlen(name) + 1, name, tx);

			(void) zap_remove(spa->spa_meta_objset, old_head_errlog,
			    za.za_name, tx);
		}
	}
	zap_cursor_fini(&zc);
}

void
spa_swap_errlog(spa_t *spa, uint64_t new_head_ds, uint64_t old_head_ds,
    dmu_tx_t *tx)
{
	mutex_enter(&spa->spa_errlog_lock);
	swap_errlog(spa, spa->spa_errlog_scrub, new_head_ds, old_head_ds, tx);
	swap_errlog(spa, spa->spa_errlog_last, new_head_ds, old_head_ds, tx);
	mutex_exit(&spa->spa_errlog_lock);
}

#if defined(_KERNEL)
/* error handling */
EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_log_error);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_approx_errlog_size);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_get_errlog);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_errlog_rotate);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_errlog_drain);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_errlog_sync);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_get_errlists);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_delete_dataset_errlog);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_swap_errlog);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(sync_error_list);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_upgrade_errlog);
#endif

/* BEGIN CSTYLED */
ZFS_MODULE_PARAM(zfs_spa, spa_, upgrade_errlog_limit, UINT, ZMOD_RW,
	"Limit the number of errors which will be upgraded to the new "
	"on-disk error log when enabling head_errlog");
/* END CSTYLED */