xref: /freebsd/sys/i386/i386/trap.c (revision 9768746b)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-4-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (C) 1994, David Greenman
5  * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
6  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
7  *
8  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
9  * the University of Utah, and William Jolitz.
10  *
11  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
12  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
13  * are met:
14  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
16  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
17  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
18  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
19  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
20  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
21  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
22  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
23  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
24  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
25  *    without specific prior written permission.
26  *
27  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
28  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
29  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
30  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
31  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
32  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
33  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
34  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
35  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
36  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
37  * SUCH DAMAGE.
38  *
39  *	from: @(#)trap.c	7.4 (Berkeley) 5/13/91
40  */
41 
42 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
43 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
44 
45 /*
46  * 386 Trap and System call handling
47  */
48 
49 #include "opt_clock.h"
50 #include "opt_compat.h"
51 #include "opt_cpu.h"
52 #include "opt_hwpmc_hooks.h"
53 #include "opt_isa.h"
54 #include "opt_kdb.h"
55 #include "opt_trap.h"
56 
57 #include <sys/param.h>
58 #include <sys/bus.h>
59 #include <sys/systm.h>
60 #include <sys/proc.h>
61 #include <sys/ptrace.h>
62 #include <sys/kdb.h>
63 #include <sys/kernel.h>
64 #include <sys/ktr.h>
65 #include <sys/lock.h>
66 #include <sys/mutex.h>
67 #include <sys/resourcevar.h>
68 #include <sys/signalvar.h>
69 #include <sys/syscall.h>
70 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
71 #include <sys/sysent.h>
72 #include <sys/uio.h>
73 #include <sys/vmmeter.h>
74 #ifdef HWPMC_HOOKS
75 #include <sys/pmckern.h>
76 PMC_SOFT_DEFINE( , , page_fault, all);
77 PMC_SOFT_DEFINE( , , page_fault, read);
78 PMC_SOFT_DEFINE( , , page_fault, write);
79 #endif
80 #include <security/audit/audit.h>
81 
82 #include <vm/vm.h>
83 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
84 #include <vm/pmap.h>
85 #include <vm/vm_kern.h>
86 #include <vm/vm_map.h>
87 #include <vm/vm_page.h>
88 #include <vm/vm_extern.h>
89 
90 #include <machine/cpu.h>
91 #include <machine/intr_machdep.h>
92 #include <x86/mca.h>
93 #include <machine/md_var.h>
94 #include <machine/pcb.h>
95 #ifdef SMP
96 #include <machine/smp.h>
97 #endif
98 #include <machine/stack.h>
99 #include <machine/trap.h>
100 #include <machine/tss.h>
101 #include <machine/vm86.h>
102 
103 #ifdef POWERFAIL_NMI
104 #include <sys/syslog.h>
105 #include <machine/clock.h>
106 #endif
107 
108 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
109 #include <sys/dtrace_bsd.h>
110 #endif
111 
112 void trap(struct trapframe *frame);
113 void syscall(struct trapframe *frame);
114 
115 static int trap_pfault(struct trapframe *, bool, vm_offset_t, int *, int *);
116 static void trap_fatal(struct trapframe *, vm_offset_t);
117 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
118 static bool trap_user_dtrace(struct trapframe *,
119     int (**hook)(struct trapframe *));
120 #endif
121 void dblfault_handler(void);
122 
123 extern inthand_t IDTVEC(bpt), IDTVEC(dbg), IDTVEC(int0x80_syscall);
124 extern uint64_t pg_nx;
125 
126 struct trap_data {
127 	bool		ei;
128 	const char	*msg;
129 };
130 
131 static const struct trap_data trap_data[] = {
132 	[T_PRIVINFLT] =	{ .ei = true,	.msg = "privileged instruction fault" },
133 	[T_BPTFLT] =	{ .ei = false,	.msg = "breakpoint instruction fault" },
134 	[T_ARITHTRAP] =	{ .ei = true,	.msg = "arithmetic trap" },
135 	[T_PROTFLT] =	{ .ei = true,	.msg = "general protection fault" },
136 	[T_TRCTRAP] =	{ .ei = false,	.msg = "debug exception" },
137 	[T_PAGEFLT] =	{ .ei = true,	.msg = "page fault" },
138 	[T_ALIGNFLT] = 	{ .ei = true,	.msg = "alignment fault" },
139 	[T_DIVIDE] =	{ .ei = true,	.msg = "integer divide fault" },
140 	[T_NMI] =	{ .ei = false,	.msg = "non-maskable interrupt trap" },
141 	[T_OFLOW] =	{ .ei = true,	.msg = "overflow trap" },
142 	[T_BOUND] =	{ .ei = true,	.msg = "FPU bounds check fault" },
143 	[T_DNA] =	{ .ei = true,	.msg = "FPU device not available" },
144 	[T_DOUBLEFLT] =	{ .ei = false,	.msg = "double fault" },
145 	[T_FPOPFLT] =	{ .ei = true,	.msg = "FPU operand fetch fault" },
146 	[T_TSSFLT] =	{ .ei = true,	.msg = "invalid TSS fault" },
147 	[T_SEGNPFLT] =	{ .ei = true,	.msg = "segment not present fault" },
148 	[T_STKFLT] =	{ .ei = true,	.msg = "stack fault" },
149 	[T_MCHK] =	{ .ei = true,	.msg = "machine check trap" },
150 	[T_XMMFLT] =	{ .ei = true,	.msg = "SIMD floating-point exception" },
151 	[T_DTRACE_RET] ={ .ei = true,	.msg = "DTrace pid return trap" },
152 };
153 
154 static bool
155 trap_enable_intr(int trapno)
156 {
157 
158 	MPASS(trapno > 0);
159 	if (trapno < nitems(trap_data) && trap_data[trapno].msg != NULL)
160 		return (trap_data[trapno].ei);
161 	return (false);
162 }
163 
164 static const char *
165 trap_msg(int trapno)
166 {
167 	const char *res;
168 	static const char unkn[] = "UNKNOWN";
169 
170 	res = NULL;
171 	if (trapno < nitems(trap_data))
172 		res = trap_data[trapno].msg;
173 	if (res == NULL)
174 		res = unkn;
175 	return (res);
176 }
177 
178 #if defined(I586_CPU) && !defined(NO_F00F_HACK)
179 int has_f00f_bug = 0;		/* Initialized so that it can be patched. */
180 #endif
181 
182 static int uprintf_signal;
183 SYSCTL_INT(_machdep, OID_AUTO, uprintf_signal, CTLFLAG_RW,
184     &uprintf_signal, 0,
185     "Print debugging information on trap signal to ctty");
186 
187 
188 #ifdef INVARIANTS
189 static __inline register_t
190 read_esp(void)
191 {
192 	register_t res;
193 
194 	__asm __volatile("movl\t%%esp,%0" : "=r" (res));
195 	return (res);
196 }
197 
198 void
199 trap_check_kstack(void)
200 {
201 	struct thread *td;
202 	vm_offset_t stk;
203 
204 	td = curthread;
205 	stk = read_esp();
206 	if (stk >= PMAP_TRM_MIN_ADDRESS)
207 		panic("td %p stack %#x in trampoline", td, stk);
208 	if (!kstack_contains(td, stk, 0))
209 		panic("td %p stack %#x not in kstack VA %#x %d",
210 		    td, stk, td->td_kstack, td->td_kstack_pages);
211 }
212 #endif
213 
214 /*
215  * Exception, fault, and trap interface to the FreeBSD kernel.
216  * This common code is called from assembly language IDT gate entry
217  * routines that prepare a suitable stack frame, and restore this
218  * frame after the exception has been processed.
219  */
220 
221 void
222 trap(struct trapframe *frame)
223 {
224 	ksiginfo_t ksi;
225 	struct thread *td;
226 	struct proc *p;
227 	int pf, signo, ucode;
228 	u_int type;
229 	register_t addr, dr6;
230 	vm_offset_t eva;
231 #ifdef POWERFAIL_NMI
232 	static int lastalert = 0;
233 #endif
234 
235 	td = curthread;
236 	p = td->td_proc;
237 	dr6 = 0;
238 
239 	VM_CNT_INC(v_trap);
240 	type = frame->tf_trapno;
241 
242 	KASSERT((read_eflags() & PSL_I) == 0,
243 	    ("trap: interrupts enabled, type %d frame %p", type, frame));
244 
245 #ifdef SMP
246 	/* Handler for NMI IPIs used for stopping CPUs. */
247 	if (type == T_NMI && ipi_nmi_handler() == 0)
248 		return;
249 #endif /* SMP */
250 
251 #ifdef KDB
252 	if (kdb_active) {
253 		kdb_reenter();
254 		return;
255 	}
256 #endif
257 	trap_check_kstack();
258 
259 	if (type == T_RESERVED) {
260 		trap_fatal(frame, 0);
261 		return;
262 	}
263 
264 	if (type == T_NMI) {
265 #ifdef HWPMC_HOOKS
266 		/*
267 		 * CPU PMCs interrupt using an NMI so we check for that first.
268 		 * If the HWPMC module is active, 'pmc_hook' will point to
269 		 * the function to be called.  A non-zero return value from the
270 		 * hook means that the NMI was consumed by it and that we can
271 		 * return immediately.
272 		 */
273 		if (pmc_intr != NULL &&
274 		    (*pmc_intr)(frame) != 0)
275 			return;
276 #endif
277 	}
278 
279 	if (type == T_MCHK) {
280 		mca_intr();
281 		return;
282 	}
283 
284 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
285 	/*
286 	 * A trap can occur while DTrace executes a probe. Before
287 	 * executing the probe, DTrace blocks re-scheduling and sets
288 	 * a flag in its per-cpu flags to indicate that it doesn't
289 	 * want to fault. On returning from the probe, the no-fault
290 	 * flag is cleared and finally re-scheduling is enabled.
291 	 */
292 	if ((type == T_PROTFLT || type == T_PAGEFLT) &&
293 	    dtrace_trap_func != NULL && (*dtrace_trap_func)(frame, type))
294 		return;
295 #endif
296 
297 	/*
298 	 * We must not allow context switches until %cr2 is read.
299 	 * Also, for some Cyrix CPUs, %cr2 is clobbered by interrupts.
300 	 * All faults use interrupt gates, so %cr2 can be safely read
301 	 * now, before optional enable of the interrupts below.
302 	 */
303 	if (type == T_PAGEFLT)
304 		eva = rcr2();
305 
306 	/*
307 	 * Buggy application or kernel code has disabled interrupts
308 	 * and then trapped.  Enabling interrupts now is wrong, but it
309 	 * is better than running with interrupts disabled until they
310 	 * are accidentally enabled later.
311 	 */
312 	if ((frame->tf_eflags & PSL_I) == 0 && TRAPF_USERMODE(frame) &&
313 	    (curpcb->pcb_flags & PCB_VM86CALL) == 0)
314 		uprintf("pid %ld (%s): usermode trap %d (%s) with "
315 		    "interrupts disabled\n",
316 		    (long)curproc->p_pid, curthread->td_name, type,
317 		    trap_data[type].msg);
318 
319 	/*
320 	 * Conditionally reenable interrupts.  If we hold a spin lock,
321 	 * then we must not reenable interrupts.  This might be a
322 	 * spurious page fault.
323 	 */
324 	if (trap_enable_intr(type) && td->td_md.md_spinlock_count == 0 &&
325 	    frame->tf_eip != (int)cpu_switch_load_gs)
326 		enable_intr();
327 
328         if (TRAPF_USERMODE(frame) && (curpcb->pcb_flags & PCB_VM86CALL) == 0) {
329 		/* user trap */
330 
331 		td->td_pticks = 0;
332 		td->td_frame = frame;
333 		addr = frame->tf_eip;
334 		if (td->td_cowgen != atomic_load_int(&p->p_cowgen))
335 			thread_cow_update(td);
336 
337 		switch (type) {
338 		case T_PRIVINFLT:	/* privileged instruction fault */
339 			signo = SIGILL;
340 			ucode = ILL_PRVOPC;
341 			break;
342 
343 		case T_BPTFLT:		/* bpt instruction fault */
344 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
345 			if (trap_user_dtrace(frame, &dtrace_pid_probe_ptr))
346 				return;
347 #else
348 			enable_intr();
349 #endif
350 			signo = SIGTRAP;
351 			ucode = TRAP_BRKPT;
352 			break;
353 
354 		case T_TRCTRAP:		/* debug exception */
355 			enable_intr();
356 user_trctrap_out:
357 			signo = SIGTRAP;
358 			ucode = TRAP_TRACE;
359 			dr6 = rdr6();
360 			if ((dr6 & DBREG_DR6_BS) != 0) {
361 				PROC_LOCK(td->td_proc);
362 				if ((td->td_dbgflags & TDB_STEP) != 0) {
363 					td->td_frame->tf_eflags &= ~PSL_T;
364 					td->td_dbgflags &= ~TDB_STEP;
365 				}
366 				PROC_UNLOCK(td->td_proc);
367 			}
368 			break;
369 
370 		case T_ARITHTRAP:	/* arithmetic trap */
371 			ucode = npxtrap_x87();
372 			if (ucode == -1)
373 				return;
374 			signo = SIGFPE;
375 			break;
376 
377 		/*
378 		 * The following two traps can happen in vm86 mode,
379 		 * and, if so, we want to handle them specially.
380 		 */
381 		case T_PROTFLT:		/* general protection fault */
382 		case T_STKFLT:		/* stack fault */
383 			if (frame->tf_eflags & PSL_VM) {
384 				signo = vm86_emulate((struct vm86frame *)frame);
385 				ucode = 0;	/* XXXKIB: better code ? */
386 				if (signo == SIGTRAP) {
387 					load_dr6(rdr6() | 0x4000);
388 					goto user_trctrap_out;
389 				}
390 				if (signo == 0)
391 					goto user;
392 				break;
393 			}
394 			signo = SIGBUS;
395 			ucode = (type == T_PROTFLT) ? BUS_OBJERR : BUS_ADRERR;
396 			break;
397 		case T_SEGNPFLT:	/* segment not present fault */
398 			signo = SIGBUS;
399 			ucode = BUS_ADRERR;
400 			break;
401 		case T_TSSFLT:		/* invalid TSS fault */
402 			signo = SIGBUS;
403 			ucode = BUS_OBJERR;
404 			break;
405 		case T_ALIGNFLT:
406 			signo = SIGBUS;
407 			ucode = BUS_ADRALN;
408 			break;
409 		case T_DOUBLEFLT:	/* double fault */
410 		default:
411 			signo = SIGBUS;
412 			ucode = BUS_OBJERR;
413 			break;
414 
415 		case T_PAGEFLT:		/* page fault */
416 			addr = eva;
417 			pf = trap_pfault(frame, true, eva, &signo, &ucode);
418 #if defined(I586_CPU) && !defined(NO_F00F_HACK)
419 			if (pf == -2) {
420 				/*
421 				 * The f00f hack workaround has triggered, so
422 				 * treat the fault as an illegal instruction
423 				 * (T_PRIVINFLT) instead of a page fault.
424 				 */
425 				type = frame->tf_trapno = T_PRIVINFLT;
426 				break;
427 			}
428 #endif
429 			if (pf == -1)
430 				return;
431 			if (pf == 0)
432 				goto user;
433 			break;
434 
435 		case T_DIVIDE:		/* integer divide fault */
436 			ucode = FPE_INTDIV;
437 			signo = SIGFPE;
438 			break;
439 
440 		case T_NMI:
441 #ifdef POWERFAIL_NMI
442 #ifndef TIMER_FREQ
443 #  define TIMER_FREQ 1193182
444 #endif
445 			if (time_second - lastalert > 10) {
446 				log(LOG_WARNING, "NMI: power fail\n");
447 				sysbeep(880, SBT_1S);
448 				lastalert = time_second;
449 			}
450 			return;
451 #else /* !POWERFAIL_NMI */
452 			nmi_handle_intr(type, frame);
453 			return;
454 #endif /* POWERFAIL_NMI */
455 
456 		case T_OFLOW:		/* integer overflow fault */
457 			ucode = FPE_INTOVF;
458 			signo = SIGFPE;
459 			break;
460 
461 		case T_BOUND:		/* bounds check fault */
462 			ucode = FPE_FLTSUB;
463 			signo = SIGFPE;
464 			break;
465 
466 		case T_DNA:
467 			KASSERT(PCB_USER_FPU(td->td_pcb),
468 			    ("kernel FPU ctx has leaked"));
469 			/* transparent fault (due to context switch "late") */
470 			if (npxdna())
471 				return;
472 			uprintf("pid %d killed due to lack of floating point\n",
473 				p->p_pid);
474 			signo = SIGKILL;
475 			ucode = 0;
476 			break;
477 
478 		case T_FPOPFLT:		/* FPU operand fetch fault */
479 			ucode = ILL_COPROC;
480 			signo = SIGILL;
481 			break;
482 
483 		case T_XMMFLT:		/* SIMD floating-point exception */
484 			ucode = npxtrap_sse();
485 			if (ucode == -1)
486 				return;
487 			signo = SIGFPE;
488 			break;
489 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
490 		case T_DTRACE_RET:
491 			(void)trap_user_dtrace(frame, &dtrace_return_probe_ptr);
492 			return;
493 #endif
494 		}
495 	} else {
496 		/* kernel trap */
497 
498 		KASSERT(cold || td->td_ucred != NULL,
499 		    ("kernel trap doesn't have ucred"));
500 		switch (type) {
501 		case T_PAGEFLT:			/* page fault */
502 			(void)trap_pfault(frame, false, eva, NULL, NULL);
503 			return;
504 
505 		case T_DNA:
506 			if (PCB_USER_FPU(td->td_pcb))
507 				panic("Unregistered use of FPU in kernel");
508 			if (npxdna())
509 				return;
510 			break;
511 
512 		case T_ARITHTRAP:	/* arithmetic trap */
513 		case T_XMMFLT:		/* SIMD floating-point exception */
514 		case T_FPOPFLT:		/* FPU operand fetch fault */
515 			/*
516 			 * XXXKIB for now disable any FPU traps in kernel
517 			 * handler registration seems to be overkill
518 			 */
519 			trap_fatal(frame, 0);
520 			return;
521 
522 			/*
523 			 * The following two traps can happen in
524 			 * vm86 mode, and, if so, we want to handle
525 			 * them specially.
526 			 */
527 		case T_PROTFLT:		/* general protection fault */
528 		case T_STKFLT:		/* stack fault */
529 			if (frame->tf_eflags & PSL_VM) {
530 				signo = vm86_emulate((struct vm86frame *)frame);
531 				if (signo == SIGTRAP) {
532 					type = T_TRCTRAP;
533 					load_dr6(rdr6() | 0x4000);
534 					goto kernel_trctrap;
535 				}
536 				if (signo != 0)
537 					/*
538 					 * returns to original process
539 					 */
540 					vm86_trap((struct vm86frame *)frame);
541 				return;
542 			}
543 			/* FALL THROUGH */
544 		case T_SEGNPFLT:	/* segment not present fault */
545 			if (curpcb->pcb_flags & PCB_VM86CALL)
546 				break;
547 
548 			/*
549 			 * Invalid %fs's and %gs's can be created using
550 			 * procfs or PT_SETREGS or by invalidating the
551 			 * underlying LDT entry.  This causes a fault
552 			 * in kernel mode when the kernel attempts to
553 			 * switch contexts.  Lose the bad context
554 			 * (XXX) so that we can continue, and generate
555 			 * a signal.
556 			 */
557 			if (frame->tf_eip == (int)cpu_switch_load_gs) {
558 				curpcb->pcb_gs = 0;
559 #if 0
560 				PROC_LOCK(p);
561 				kern_psignal(p, SIGBUS);
562 				PROC_UNLOCK(p);
563 #endif
564 				return;
565 			}
566 
567 			if (td->td_intr_nesting_level != 0)
568 				break;
569 
570 			/*
571 			 * Invalid segment selectors and out of bounds
572 			 * %eip's and %esp's can be set up in user mode.
573 			 * This causes a fault in kernel mode when the
574 			 * kernel tries to return to user mode.  We want
575 			 * to get this fault so that we can fix the
576 			 * problem here and not have to check all the
577 			 * selectors and pointers when the user changes
578 			 * them.
579 			 *
580 			 * N.B. Comparing to long mode, 32-bit mode
581 			 * does not push %esp on the trap frame,
582 			 * because iretl faulted while in ring 0.  As
583 			 * the consequence, there is no need to fixup
584 			 * the stack pointer for doreti_iret_fault,
585 			 * the fixup and the complimentary trap() call
586 			 * are executed on the main thread stack, not
587 			 * on the trampoline stack.
588 			 */
589 			if (frame->tf_eip == (int)doreti_iret + setidt_disp) {
590 				frame->tf_eip = (int)doreti_iret_fault +
591 				    setidt_disp;
592 				return;
593 			}
594 			if (type == T_STKFLT)
595 				break;
596 
597 			if (frame->tf_eip == (int)doreti_popl_ds +
598 			    setidt_disp) {
599 				frame->tf_eip = (int)doreti_popl_ds_fault +
600 				    setidt_disp;
601 				return;
602 			}
603 			if (frame->tf_eip == (int)doreti_popl_es +
604 			    setidt_disp) {
605 				frame->tf_eip = (int)doreti_popl_es_fault +
606 				    setidt_disp;
607 				return;
608 			}
609 			if (frame->tf_eip == (int)doreti_popl_fs +
610 			    setidt_disp) {
611 				frame->tf_eip = (int)doreti_popl_fs_fault +
612 				    setidt_disp;
613 				return;
614 			}
615 			if (curpcb->pcb_onfault != NULL) {
616 				frame->tf_eip = (int)curpcb->pcb_onfault;
617 				return;
618 			}
619 			break;
620 
621 		case T_TSSFLT:
622 			/*
623 			 * PSL_NT can be set in user mode and isn't cleared
624 			 * automatically when the kernel is entered.  This
625 			 * causes a TSS fault when the kernel attempts to
626 			 * `iret' because the TSS link is uninitialized.  We
627 			 * want to get this fault so that we can fix the
628 			 * problem here and not every time the kernel is
629 			 * entered.
630 			 */
631 			if (frame->tf_eflags & PSL_NT) {
632 				frame->tf_eflags &= ~PSL_NT;
633 				return;
634 			}
635 			break;
636 
637 		case T_TRCTRAP:	 /* debug exception */
638 kernel_trctrap:
639 			/* Clear any pending debug events. */
640 			dr6 = rdr6();
641 			load_dr6(0);
642 
643 			/*
644 			 * Ignore debug register exceptions due to
645 			 * accesses in the user's address space, which
646 			 * can happen under several conditions such as
647 			 * if a user sets a watchpoint on a buffer and
648 			 * then passes that buffer to a system call.
649 			 * We still want to get TRCTRAPS for addresses
650 			 * in kernel space because that is useful when
651 			 * debugging the kernel.
652 			 */
653 			if (user_dbreg_trap(dr6) &&
654 			   !(curpcb->pcb_flags & PCB_VM86CALL))
655 				return;
656 
657 			/*
658 			 * Malicious user code can configure a debug
659 			 * register watchpoint to trap on data access
660 			 * to the top of stack and then execute 'pop
661 			 * %ss; int 3'.  Due to exception deferral for
662 			 * 'pop %ss', the CPU will not interrupt 'int
663 			 * 3' to raise the DB# exception for the debug
664 			 * register but will postpone the DB# until
665 			 * execution of the first instruction of the
666 			 * BP# handler (in kernel mode).  Normally the
667 			 * previous check would ignore DB# exceptions
668 			 * for watchpoints on user addresses raised in
669 			 * kernel mode.  However, some CPU errata
670 			 * include cases where DB# exceptions do not
671 			 * properly set bits in %dr6, e.g. Haswell
672 			 * HSD23 and Skylake-X SKZ24.
673 			 *
674 			 * A deferred DB# can also be raised on the
675 			 * first instructions of system call entry
676 			 * points or single-step traps via similar use
677 			 * of 'pop %ss' or 'mov xxx, %ss'.
678 			 */
679 			if (frame->tf_eip ==
680 			    (uintptr_t)IDTVEC(int0x80_syscall) + setidt_disp ||
681 			    frame->tf_eip == (uintptr_t)IDTVEC(bpt) +
682 			    setidt_disp ||
683 			    frame->tf_eip == (uintptr_t)IDTVEC(dbg) +
684 			    setidt_disp)
685 				return;
686 			/*
687 			 * FALLTHROUGH (TRCTRAP kernel mode, kernel address)
688 			 */
689 		case T_BPTFLT:
690 			/*
691 			 * If KDB is enabled, let it handle the debugger trap.
692 			 * Otherwise, debugger traps "can't happen".
693 			 */
694 #ifdef KDB
695 			if (kdb_trap(type, dr6, frame))
696 				return;
697 #endif
698 			break;
699 
700 		case T_NMI:
701 #ifdef POWERFAIL_NMI
702 			if (time_second - lastalert > 10) {
703 				log(LOG_WARNING, "NMI: power fail\n");
704 				sysbeep(880, SBT_1S);
705 				lastalert = time_second;
706 			}
707 			return;
708 #else /* !POWERFAIL_NMI */
709 			nmi_handle_intr(type, frame);
710 			return;
711 #endif /* POWERFAIL_NMI */
712 		}
713 
714 		trap_fatal(frame, eva);
715 		return;
716 	}
717 
718 	ksiginfo_init_trap(&ksi);
719 	ksi.ksi_signo = signo;
720 	ksi.ksi_code = ucode;
721 	ksi.ksi_addr = (void *)addr;
722 	ksi.ksi_trapno = type;
723 	if (uprintf_signal) {
724 		uprintf("pid %d comm %s: signal %d err %#x code %d type %d "
725 		    "addr %#x ss %#04x esp %#08x cs %#04x eip %#08x eax %#08x"
726 		    "<%02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x>\n",
727 		    p->p_pid, p->p_comm, signo, frame->tf_err, ucode, type,
728 		    addr, frame->tf_ss, frame->tf_esp, frame->tf_cs,
729 		    frame->tf_eip, frame->tf_eax,
730 		    fubyte((void *)(frame->tf_eip + 0)),
731 		    fubyte((void *)(frame->tf_eip + 1)),
732 		    fubyte((void *)(frame->tf_eip + 2)),
733 		    fubyte((void *)(frame->tf_eip + 3)),
734 		    fubyte((void *)(frame->tf_eip + 4)),
735 		    fubyte((void *)(frame->tf_eip + 5)),
736 		    fubyte((void *)(frame->tf_eip + 6)),
737 		    fubyte((void *)(frame->tf_eip + 7)));
738 	}
739 	KASSERT((read_eflags() & PSL_I) != 0, ("interrupts disabled"));
740 	trapsignal(td, &ksi);
741 
742 user:
743 	userret(td, frame);
744 	KASSERT(PCB_USER_FPU(td->td_pcb),
745 	    ("Return from trap with kernel FPU ctx leaked"));
746 }
747 
748 /*
749  * Handle all details of a page fault.
750  * Returns:
751  * -2 if the fault was caused by triggered workaround for Intel Pentium
752  *    0xf00f bug.
753  * -1 if this fault was fatal, typically from kernel mode
754  *    (cannot happen, but we need to return something).
755  * 0  if this fault was handled by updating either the user or kernel
756  *    page table, execution can continue.
757  * 1  if this fault was from usermode and it was not handled, a synchronous
758  *    signal should be delivered to the thread.  *signo returns the signal
759  *    number, *ucode gives si_code.
760  */
761 static int
762 trap_pfault(struct trapframe *frame, bool usermode, vm_offset_t eva,
763     int *signo, int *ucode)
764 {
765 	struct thread *td;
766 	struct proc *p;
767 	vm_map_t map;
768 	int rv;
769 	vm_prot_t ftype;
770 
771 	MPASS(!usermode || (signo != NULL && ucode != NULL));
772 
773 	td = curthread;
774 	p = td->td_proc;
775 
776 	if (__predict_false((td->td_pflags & TDP_NOFAULTING) != 0)) {
777 		/*
778 		 * Due to both processor errata and lazy TLB invalidation when
779 		 * access restrictions are removed from virtual pages, memory
780 		 * accesses that are allowed by the physical mapping layer may
781 		 * nonetheless cause one spurious page fault per virtual page.
782 		 * When the thread is executing a "no faulting" section that
783 		 * is bracketed by vm_fault_{disable,enable}_pagefaults(),
784 		 * every page fault is treated as a spurious page fault,
785 		 * unless it accesses the same virtual address as the most
786 		 * recent page fault within the same "no faulting" section.
787 		 */
788 		if (td->td_md.md_spurflt_addr != eva ||
789 		    (td->td_pflags & TDP_RESETSPUR) != 0) {
790 			/*
791 			 * Do nothing to the TLB.  A stale TLB entry is
792 			 * flushed automatically by a page fault.
793 			 */
794 			td->td_md.md_spurflt_addr = eva;
795 			td->td_pflags &= ~TDP_RESETSPUR;
796 			return (0);
797 		}
798 	} else {
799 		/*
800 		 * If we get a page fault while in a critical section, then
801 		 * it is most likely a fatal kernel page fault.  The kernel
802 		 * is already going to panic trying to get a sleep lock to
803 		 * do the VM lookup, so just consider it a fatal trap so the
804 		 * kernel can print out a useful trap message and even get
805 		 * to the debugger.
806 		 *
807 		 * If we get a page fault while holding a non-sleepable
808 		 * lock, then it is most likely a fatal kernel page fault.
809 		 * If WITNESS is enabled, then it's going to whine about
810 		 * bogus LORs with various VM locks, so just skip to the
811 		 * fatal trap handling directly.
812 		 */
813 		if (td->td_critnest != 0 ||
814 		    WITNESS_CHECK(WARN_SLEEPOK | WARN_GIANTOK, NULL,
815 		    "Kernel page fault") != 0) {
816 			trap_fatal(frame, eva);
817 			return (-1);
818 		}
819 	}
820 	if (eva >= PMAP_TRM_MIN_ADDRESS) {
821 		/*
822 		 * Don't allow user-mode faults in kernel address space.
823 		 * An exception:  if the faulting address is the invalid
824 		 * instruction entry in the IDT, then the Intel Pentium
825 		 * F00F bug workaround was triggered, and we need to
826 		 * treat it is as an illegal instruction, and not a page
827 		 * fault.
828 		 */
829 #if defined(I586_CPU) && !defined(NO_F00F_HACK)
830 		if ((eva == (unsigned int)&idt[6]) && has_f00f_bug) {
831 			*ucode = ILL_PRVOPC;
832 			*signo = SIGILL;
833 			return (-2);
834 		}
835 #endif
836 		if (usermode) {
837 			*signo = SIGSEGV;
838 			*ucode = SEGV_MAPERR;
839 			return (1);
840 		}
841 		trap_fatal(frame, eva);
842 		return (-1);
843 	} else {
844 		map = usermode ? &p->p_vmspace->vm_map : kernel_map;
845 
846 		/*
847 		 * Kernel cannot access a user-space address directly
848 		 * because user pages are not mapped.  Also, page
849 		 * faults must not be caused during the interrupts.
850 		 */
851 		if (!usermode && td->td_intr_nesting_level != 0) {
852 			trap_fatal(frame, eva);
853 			return (-1);
854 		}
855 	}
856 
857 	/*
858 	 * If the trap was caused by errant bits in the PTE then panic.
859 	 */
860 	if (frame->tf_err & PGEX_RSV) {
861 		trap_fatal(frame, eva);
862 		return (-1);
863 	}
864 
865 	/*
866 	 * PGEX_I is defined only if the execute disable bit capability is
867 	 * supported and enabled.
868 	 */
869 	if (frame->tf_err & PGEX_W)
870 		ftype = VM_PROT_WRITE;
871 	else if ((frame->tf_err & PGEX_I) && pg_nx != 0)
872 		ftype = VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
873 	else
874 		ftype = VM_PROT_READ;
875 
876 	/* Fault in the page. */
877 	rv = vm_fault_trap(map, eva, ftype, VM_FAULT_NORMAL, signo, ucode);
878 	if (rv == KERN_SUCCESS) {
879 #ifdef HWPMC_HOOKS
880 		if (ftype == VM_PROT_READ || ftype == VM_PROT_WRITE) {
881 			PMC_SOFT_CALL_TF( , , page_fault, all, frame);
882 			if (ftype == VM_PROT_READ)
883 				PMC_SOFT_CALL_TF( , , page_fault, read,
884 				    frame);
885 			else
886 				PMC_SOFT_CALL_TF( , , page_fault, write,
887 				    frame);
888 		}
889 #endif
890 		return (0);
891 	}
892 	if (usermode)
893 		return (1);
894 	if (td->td_intr_nesting_level == 0 &&
895 	    curpcb->pcb_onfault != NULL) {
896 		frame->tf_eip = (int)curpcb->pcb_onfault;
897 		return (0);
898 	}
899 	trap_fatal(frame, eva);
900 	return (-1);
901 }
902 
903 static void
904 trap_fatal(struct trapframe *frame, vm_offset_t eva)
905 {
906 	int code, ss, esp;
907 	u_int type;
908 	struct soft_segment_descriptor softseg;
909 #ifdef KDB
910 	bool handled;
911 #endif
912 
913 	code = frame->tf_err;
914 	type = frame->tf_trapno;
915 	sdtossd(&gdt[IDXSEL(frame->tf_cs & 0xffff)].sd, &softseg);
916 
917 	printf("\n\nFatal trap %d: %s while in %s mode\n", type, trap_msg(type),
918 	    frame->tf_eflags & PSL_VM ? "vm86" :
919 	    ISPL(frame->tf_cs) == SEL_UPL ? "user" : "kernel");
920 #ifdef SMP
921 	/* two separate prints in case of a trap on an unmapped page */
922 	printf("cpuid = %d; ", PCPU_GET(cpuid));
923 	printf("apic id = %02x\n", PCPU_GET(apic_id));
924 #endif
925 	if (type == T_PAGEFLT) {
926 		printf("fault virtual address	= 0x%x\n", eva);
927 		printf("fault code		= %s %s%s, %s\n",
928 			code & PGEX_U ? "user" : "supervisor",
929 			code & PGEX_W ? "write" : "read",
930 			pg_nx != 0 ?
931 			(code & PGEX_I ? " instruction" : " data") :
932 			"",
933 			code & PGEX_RSV ? "reserved bits in PTE" :
934 			code & PGEX_P ? "protection violation" : "page not present");
935 	} else {
936 		printf("error code		= %#x\n", code);
937 	}
938 	printf("instruction pointer	= 0x%x:0x%x\n",
939 	       frame->tf_cs & 0xffff, frame->tf_eip);
940         if (TF_HAS_STACKREGS(frame)) {
941 		ss = frame->tf_ss & 0xffff;
942 		esp = frame->tf_esp;
943 	} else {
944 		ss = GSEL(GDATA_SEL, SEL_KPL);
945 		esp = (int)&frame->tf_esp;
946 	}
947 	printf("stack pointer	        = 0x%x:0x%x\n", ss, esp);
948 	printf("frame pointer	        = 0x%x:0x%x\n", ss, frame->tf_ebp);
949 	printf("code segment		= base 0x%x, limit 0x%x, type 0x%x\n",
950 	       softseg.ssd_base, softseg.ssd_limit, softseg.ssd_type);
951 	printf("			= DPL %d, pres %d, def32 %d, gran %d\n",
952 	       softseg.ssd_dpl, softseg.ssd_p, softseg.ssd_def32,
953 	       softseg.ssd_gran);
954 	printf("processor eflags	= ");
955 	if (frame->tf_eflags & PSL_T)
956 		printf("trace trap, ");
957 	if (frame->tf_eflags & PSL_I)
958 		printf("interrupt enabled, ");
959 	if (frame->tf_eflags & PSL_NT)
960 		printf("nested task, ");
961 	if (frame->tf_eflags & PSL_RF)
962 		printf("resume, ");
963 	if (frame->tf_eflags & PSL_VM)
964 		printf("vm86, ");
965 	printf("IOPL = %d\n", (frame->tf_eflags & PSL_IOPL) >> 12);
966 	printf("current process		= %d (%s)\n",
967 	    curproc->p_pid, curthread->td_name);
968 
969 #ifdef KDB
970 	if (debugger_on_trap) {
971 		kdb_why = KDB_WHY_TRAP;
972 		frame->tf_err = eva;	/* smuggle fault address to ddb */
973 		handled = kdb_trap(type, 0, frame);
974 		frame->tf_err = code;	/* restore error code */
975 		kdb_why = KDB_WHY_UNSET;
976 		if (handled)
977 			return;
978 	}
979 #endif
980 	printf("trap number		= %d\n", type);
981 	if (trap_msg(type) != NULL)
982 		panic("%s", trap_msg(type));
983 	else
984 		panic("unknown/reserved trap");
985 }
986 
987 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
988 /*
989  * Invoke a userspace DTrace hook.  The hook pointer is cleared when no
990  * userspace probes are enabled, so we must synchronize with DTrace to ensure
991  * that a trapping thread is able to call the hook before it is cleared.
992  */
993 static bool
994 trap_user_dtrace(struct trapframe *frame, int (**hookp)(struct trapframe *))
995 {
996 	int (*hook)(struct trapframe *);
997 
998 	hook = atomic_load_ptr(hookp);
999 	enable_intr();
1000 	if (hook != NULL)
1001 		return ((hook)(frame) == 0);
1002 	return (false);
1003 }
1004 #endif
1005 
1006 /*
1007  * Double fault handler. Called when a fault occurs while writing
1008  * a frame for a trap/exception onto the stack. This usually occurs
1009  * when the stack overflows (such is the case with infinite recursion,
1010  * for example).
1011  *
1012  * XXX Note that the current PTD gets replaced by IdlePTD when the
1013  * task switch occurs. This means that the stack that was active at
1014  * the time of the double fault is not available at <kstack> unless
1015  * the machine was idle when the double fault occurred. The downside
1016  * of this is that "trace <ebp>" in ddb won't work.
1017  */
1018 void
1019 dblfault_handler(void)
1020 {
1021 	struct i386tss *t;
1022 
1023 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
1024 	if (dtrace_doubletrap_func != NULL)
1025 		(*dtrace_doubletrap_func)();
1026 #endif
1027 	printf("\nFatal double fault:\n");
1028 	t = PCPU_GET(common_tssp);
1029 	printf(
1030 	    "eip = %#08x esp = %#08x ebp = %#08x eax = %#08x\n"
1031 	    "edx = %#08x ecx = %#08x edi = %#08x esi = %#08x\n"
1032 	    "ebx = %#08x\n"
1033 	    "psl = %#08x cs  = %#08x ss  = %#08x ds  = %#08x\n"
1034 	    "es  = %#08x fs  = %#08x gs  = %#08x cr3 = %#08x\n",
1035 	    t->tss_eip, t->tss_esp, t->tss_ebp, t->tss_eax,
1036 	    t->tss_edx, t->tss_ecx, t->tss_edi, t->tss_esi,
1037 	    t->tss_ebx,
1038 	    t->tss_eflags, t->tss_cs, t->tss_ss, t->tss_ds,
1039 	    t->tss_es, t->tss_fs, t->tss_gs, t->tss_cr3);
1040 #ifdef SMP
1041 	printf("cpuid = %d; apic id = %02x\n", PCPU_GET(cpuid),
1042 	    PCPU_GET(apic_id));
1043 #endif
1044 	panic("double fault");
1045 }
1046 
1047 int
1048 cpu_fetch_syscall_args(struct thread *td)
1049 {
1050 	struct proc *p;
1051 	struct trapframe *frame;
1052 	struct syscall_args *sa;
1053 	caddr_t params;
1054 	long tmp;
1055 	int error;
1056 #ifdef COMPAT_43
1057 	u_int32_t eip;
1058 	int cs;
1059 #endif
1060 
1061 	p = td->td_proc;
1062 	frame = td->td_frame;
1063 	sa = &td->td_sa;
1064 
1065 #ifdef COMPAT_43
1066 	if (__predict_false(frame->tf_cs == 7 && frame->tf_eip == 2)) {
1067 		/*
1068 		 * In lcall $7,$0 after int $0x80.  Convert the user
1069 		 * frame to what it would be for a direct int 0x80 instead
1070 		 * of lcall $7,$0, by popping the lcall return address.
1071 		 */
1072 		error = fueword32((void *)frame->tf_esp, &eip);
1073 		if (error == -1)
1074 			return (EFAULT);
1075 		cs = fuword16((void *)(frame->tf_esp + sizeof(u_int32_t)));
1076 		if (cs == -1)
1077 			return (EFAULT);
1078 
1079 		/*
1080 		 * Unwind in-kernel frame after all stack frame pieces
1081 		 * were successfully read.
1082 		 */
1083 		frame->tf_eip = eip;
1084 		frame->tf_cs = cs;
1085 		frame->tf_esp += 2 * sizeof(u_int32_t);
1086 		frame->tf_err = 7;	/* size of lcall $7,$0 */
1087 	}
1088 #endif
1089 
1090 	sa->code = frame->tf_eax;
1091 	sa->original_code = sa->code;
1092 	params = (caddr_t)frame->tf_esp + sizeof(uint32_t);
1093 
1094 	/*
1095 	 * Need to check if this is a 32 bit or 64 bit syscall.
1096 	 */
1097 	if (sa->code == SYS_syscall) {
1098 		/*
1099 		 * Code is first argument, followed by actual args.
1100 		 */
1101 		error = fueword(params, &tmp);
1102 		if (error == -1)
1103 			return (EFAULT);
1104 		sa->code = tmp;
1105 		params += sizeof(uint32_t);
1106 	} else if (sa->code == SYS___syscall) {
1107 		/*
1108 		 * Like syscall, but code is a quad, so as to maintain
1109 		 * quad alignment for the rest of the arguments.
1110 		 */
1111 		error = fueword(params, &tmp);
1112 		if (error == -1)
1113 			return (EFAULT);
1114 		sa->code = tmp;
1115 		params += sizeof(quad_t);
1116 	}
1117 
1118  	if (sa->code >= p->p_sysent->sv_size)
1119  		sa->callp = &p->p_sysent->sv_table[0];
1120   	else
1121  		sa->callp = &p->p_sysent->sv_table[sa->code];
1122 
1123 	if (params != NULL && sa->callp->sy_narg != 0)
1124 		error = copyin(params, (caddr_t)sa->args,
1125 		    (u_int)(sa->callp->sy_narg * sizeof(uint32_t)));
1126 	else
1127 		error = 0;
1128 
1129 	if (error == 0) {
1130 		td->td_retval[0] = 0;
1131 		td->td_retval[1] = frame->tf_edx;
1132 	}
1133 
1134 	return (error);
1135 }
1136 
1137 #include "../../kern/subr_syscall.c"
1138 
1139 /*
1140  * syscall - system call request C handler.  A system call is
1141  * essentially treated as a trap by reusing the frame layout.
1142  */
1143 void
1144 syscall(struct trapframe *frame)
1145 {
1146 	struct thread *td;
1147 	register_t orig_tf_eflags;
1148 	ksiginfo_t ksi;
1149 
1150 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
1151 	if (!(TRAPF_USERMODE(frame) &&
1152 	    (curpcb->pcb_flags & PCB_VM86CALL) == 0)) {
1153 		panic("syscall");
1154 		/* NOT REACHED */
1155 	}
1156 #endif
1157 	trap_check_kstack();
1158 	orig_tf_eflags = frame->tf_eflags;
1159 
1160 	td = curthread;
1161 	td->td_frame = frame;
1162 
1163 	syscallenter(td);
1164 
1165 	/*
1166 	 * Traced syscall.
1167 	 */
1168 	if ((orig_tf_eflags & PSL_T) && !(orig_tf_eflags & PSL_VM)) {
1169 		frame->tf_eflags &= ~PSL_T;
1170 		ksiginfo_init_trap(&ksi);
1171 		ksi.ksi_signo = SIGTRAP;
1172 		ksi.ksi_code = TRAP_TRACE;
1173 		ksi.ksi_addr = (void *)frame->tf_eip;
1174 		trapsignal(td, &ksi);
1175 	}
1176 
1177 	KASSERT(PCB_USER_FPU(td->td_pcb),
1178 	    ("System call %s returning with kernel FPU ctx leaked",
1179 	     syscallname(td->td_proc, td->td_sa.code)));
1180 	KASSERT(td->td_pcb->pcb_save == get_pcb_user_save_td(td),
1181 	    ("System call %s returning with mangled pcb_save",
1182 	     syscallname(td->td_proc, td->td_sa.code)));
1183 
1184 	syscallret(td);
1185 }
1186