xref: /freebsd/sys/kern/kern_ktrace.c (revision f05cddf9)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.
4  * Copyright (c) 2005 Robert N. M. Watson
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17  *    without specific prior written permission.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  *
31  *	@(#)kern_ktrace.c	8.2 (Berkeley) 9/23/93
32  */
33 
34 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
35 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
36 
37 #include "opt_ktrace.h"
38 
39 #include <sys/param.h>
40 #include <sys/systm.h>
41 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
42 #include <sys/kernel.h>
43 #include <sys/kthread.h>
44 #include <sys/lock.h>
45 #include <sys/mutex.h>
46 #include <sys/malloc.h>
47 #include <sys/mount.h>
48 #include <sys/namei.h>
49 #include <sys/priv.h>
50 #include <sys/proc.h>
51 #include <sys/unistd.h>
52 #include <sys/vnode.h>
53 #include <sys/socket.h>
54 #include <sys/stat.h>
55 #include <sys/ktrace.h>
56 #include <sys/sx.h>
57 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
58 #include <sys/sysent.h>
59 #include <sys/syslog.h>
60 #include <sys/sysproto.h>
61 
62 #include <security/mac/mac_framework.h>
63 
64 /*
65  * The ktrace facility allows the tracing of certain key events in user space
66  * processes, such as system calls, signal delivery, context switches, and
67  * user generated events using utrace(2).  It works by streaming event
68  * records and data to a vnode associated with the process using the
69  * ktrace(2) system call.  In general, records can be written directly from
70  * the context that generates the event.  One important exception to this is
71  * during a context switch, where sleeping is not permitted.  To handle this
72  * case, trace events are generated using in-kernel ktr_request records, and
73  * then delivered to disk at a convenient moment -- either immediately, the
74  * next traceable event, at system call return, or at process exit.
75  *
76  * When dealing with multiple threads or processes writing to the same event
77  * log, ordering guarantees are weak: specifically, if an event has multiple
78  * records (i.e., system call enter and return), they may be interlaced with
79  * records from another event.  Process and thread ID information is provided
80  * in the record, and user applications can de-interlace events if required.
81  */
82 
83 static MALLOC_DEFINE(M_KTRACE, "KTRACE", "KTRACE");
84 
85 #ifdef KTRACE
86 
87 FEATURE(ktrace, "Kernel support for system-call tracing");
88 
89 #ifndef KTRACE_REQUEST_POOL
90 #define	KTRACE_REQUEST_POOL	100
91 #endif
92 
93 struct ktr_request {
94 	struct	ktr_header ktr_header;
95 	void	*ktr_buffer;
96 	union {
97 		struct	ktr_proc_ctor ktr_proc_ctor;
98 		struct	ktr_cap_fail ktr_cap_fail;
99 		struct	ktr_syscall ktr_syscall;
100 		struct	ktr_sysret ktr_sysret;
101 		struct	ktr_genio ktr_genio;
102 		struct	ktr_psig ktr_psig;
103 		struct	ktr_csw ktr_csw;
104 		struct	ktr_fault ktr_fault;
105 		struct	ktr_faultend ktr_faultend;
106 	} ktr_data;
107 	STAILQ_ENTRY(ktr_request) ktr_list;
108 };
109 
110 static int data_lengths[] = {
111 	0,					/* none */
112 	offsetof(struct ktr_syscall, ktr_args),	/* KTR_SYSCALL */
113 	sizeof(struct ktr_sysret),		/* KTR_SYSRET */
114 	0,					/* KTR_NAMEI */
115 	sizeof(struct ktr_genio),		/* KTR_GENIO */
116 	sizeof(struct ktr_psig),		/* KTR_PSIG */
117 	sizeof(struct ktr_csw),			/* KTR_CSW */
118 	0,					/* KTR_USER */
119 	0,					/* KTR_STRUCT */
120 	0,					/* KTR_SYSCTL */
121 	sizeof(struct ktr_proc_ctor),		/* KTR_PROCCTOR */
122 	0,					/* KTR_PROCDTOR */
123 	sizeof(struct ktr_cap_fail),		/* KTR_CAPFAIL */
124 	sizeof(struct ktr_fault),		/* KTR_FAULT */
125 	sizeof(struct ktr_faultend),		/* KTR_FAULTEND */
126 };
127 
128 static STAILQ_HEAD(, ktr_request) ktr_free;
129 
130 static SYSCTL_NODE(_kern, OID_AUTO, ktrace, CTLFLAG_RD, 0, "KTRACE options");
131 
132 static u_int ktr_requestpool = KTRACE_REQUEST_POOL;
133 TUNABLE_INT("kern.ktrace.request_pool", &ktr_requestpool);
134 
135 static u_int ktr_geniosize = PAGE_SIZE;
136 TUNABLE_INT("kern.ktrace.genio_size", &ktr_geniosize);
137 SYSCTL_UINT(_kern_ktrace, OID_AUTO, genio_size, CTLFLAG_RW, &ktr_geniosize,
138     0, "Maximum size of genio event payload");
139 
140 static int print_message = 1;
141 static struct mtx ktrace_mtx;
142 static struct sx ktrace_sx;
143 
144 static void ktrace_init(void *dummy);
145 static int sysctl_kern_ktrace_request_pool(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
146 static u_int ktrace_resize_pool(u_int oldsize, u_int newsize);
147 static struct ktr_request *ktr_getrequest_entered(struct thread *td, int type);
148 static struct ktr_request *ktr_getrequest(int type);
149 static void ktr_submitrequest(struct thread *td, struct ktr_request *req);
150 static void ktr_freeproc(struct proc *p, struct ucred **uc,
151     struct vnode **vp);
152 static void ktr_freerequest(struct ktr_request *req);
153 static void ktr_freerequest_locked(struct ktr_request *req);
154 static void ktr_writerequest(struct thread *td, struct ktr_request *req);
155 static int ktrcanset(struct thread *,struct proc *);
156 static int ktrsetchildren(struct thread *,struct proc *,int,int,struct vnode *);
157 static int ktrops(struct thread *,struct proc *,int,int,struct vnode *);
158 static void ktrprocctor_entered(struct thread *, struct proc *);
159 
160 /*
161  * ktrace itself generates events, such as context switches, which we do not
162  * wish to trace.  Maintain a flag, TDP_INKTRACE, on each thread to determine
163  * whether or not it is in a region where tracing of events should be
164  * suppressed.
165  */
166 static void
167 ktrace_enter(struct thread *td)
168 {
169 
170 	KASSERT(!(td->td_pflags & TDP_INKTRACE), ("ktrace_enter: flag set"));
171 	td->td_pflags |= TDP_INKTRACE;
172 }
173 
174 static void
175 ktrace_exit(struct thread *td)
176 {
177 
178 	KASSERT(td->td_pflags & TDP_INKTRACE, ("ktrace_exit: flag not set"));
179 	td->td_pflags &= ~TDP_INKTRACE;
180 }
181 
182 static void
183 ktrace_assert(struct thread *td)
184 {
185 
186 	KASSERT(td->td_pflags & TDP_INKTRACE, ("ktrace_assert: flag not set"));
187 }
188 
189 static void
190 ktrace_init(void *dummy)
191 {
192 	struct ktr_request *req;
193 	int i;
194 
195 	mtx_init(&ktrace_mtx, "ktrace", NULL, MTX_DEF | MTX_QUIET);
196 	sx_init(&ktrace_sx, "ktrace_sx");
197 	STAILQ_INIT(&ktr_free);
198 	for (i = 0; i < ktr_requestpool; i++) {
199 		req = malloc(sizeof(struct ktr_request), M_KTRACE, M_WAITOK);
200 		STAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&ktr_free, req, ktr_list);
201 	}
202 }
203 SYSINIT(ktrace_init, SI_SUB_KTRACE, SI_ORDER_ANY, ktrace_init, NULL);
204 
205 static int
206 sysctl_kern_ktrace_request_pool(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
207 {
208 	struct thread *td;
209 	u_int newsize, oldsize, wantsize;
210 	int error;
211 
212 	/* Handle easy read-only case first to avoid warnings from GCC. */
213 	if (!req->newptr) {
214 		oldsize = ktr_requestpool;
215 		return (SYSCTL_OUT(req, &oldsize, sizeof(u_int)));
216 	}
217 
218 	error = SYSCTL_IN(req, &wantsize, sizeof(u_int));
219 	if (error)
220 		return (error);
221 	td = curthread;
222 	ktrace_enter(td);
223 	oldsize = ktr_requestpool;
224 	newsize = ktrace_resize_pool(oldsize, wantsize);
225 	ktrace_exit(td);
226 	error = SYSCTL_OUT(req, &oldsize, sizeof(u_int));
227 	if (error)
228 		return (error);
229 	if (wantsize > oldsize && newsize < wantsize)
230 		return (ENOSPC);
231 	return (0);
232 }
233 SYSCTL_PROC(_kern_ktrace, OID_AUTO, request_pool, CTLTYPE_UINT|CTLFLAG_RW,
234     &ktr_requestpool, 0, sysctl_kern_ktrace_request_pool, "IU",
235     "Pool buffer size for ktrace(1)");
236 
237 static u_int
238 ktrace_resize_pool(u_int oldsize, u_int newsize)
239 {
240 	STAILQ_HEAD(, ktr_request) ktr_new;
241 	struct ktr_request *req;
242 	int bound;
243 
244 	print_message = 1;
245 	bound = newsize - oldsize;
246 	if (bound == 0)
247 		return (ktr_requestpool);
248 	if (bound < 0) {
249 		mtx_lock(&ktrace_mtx);
250 		/* Shrink pool down to newsize if possible. */
251 		while (bound++ < 0) {
252 			req = STAILQ_FIRST(&ktr_free);
253 			if (req == NULL)
254 				break;
255 			STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD(&ktr_free, ktr_list);
256 			ktr_requestpool--;
257 			free(req, M_KTRACE);
258 		}
259 	} else {
260 		/* Grow pool up to newsize. */
261 		STAILQ_INIT(&ktr_new);
262 		while (bound-- > 0) {
263 			req = malloc(sizeof(struct ktr_request), M_KTRACE,
264 			    M_WAITOK);
265 			STAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&ktr_new, req, ktr_list);
266 		}
267 		mtx_lock(&ktrace_mtx);
268 		STAILQ_CONCAT(&ktr_free, &ktr_new);
269 		ktr_requestpool += (newsize - oldsize);
270 	}
271 	mtx_unlock(&ktrace_mtx);
272 	return (ktr_requestpool);
273 }
274 
275 /* ktr_getrequest() assumes that ktr_comm[] is the same size as td_name[]. */
276 CTASSERT(sizeof(((struct ktr_header *)NULL)->ktr_comm) ==
277     (sizeof((struct thread *)NULL)->td_name));
278 
279 static struct ktr_request *
280 ktr_getrequest_entered(struct thread *td, int type)
281 {
282 	struct ktr_request *req;
283 	struct proc *p = td->td_proc;
284 	int pm;
285 
286 	mtx_lock(&ktrace_mtx);
287 	if (!KTRCHECK(td, type)) {
288 		mtx_unlock(&ktrace_mtx);
289 		return (NULL);
290 	}
291 	req = STAILQ_FIRST(&ktr_free);
292 	if (req != NULL) {
293 		STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD(&ktr_free, ktr_list);
294 		req->ktr_header.ktr_type = type;
295 		if (p->p_traceflag & KTRFAC_DROP) {
296 			req->ktr_header.ktr_type |= KTR_DROP;
297 			p->p_traceflag &= ~KTRFAC_DROP;
298 		}
299 		mtx_unlock(&ktrace_mtx);
300 		microtime(&req->ktr_header.ktr_time);
301 		req->ktr_header.ktr_pid = p->p_pid;
302 		req->ktr_header.ktr_tid = td->td_tid;
303 		bcopy(td->td_name, req->ktr_header.ktr_comm,
304 		    sizeof(req->ktr_header.ktr_comm));
305 		req->ktr_buffer = NULL;
306 		req->ktr_header.ktr_len = 0;
307 	} else {
308 		p->p_traceflag |= KTRFAC_DROP;
309 		pm = print_message;
310 		print_message = 0;
311 		mtx_unlock(&ktrace_mtx);
312 		if (pm)
313 			printf("Out of ktrace request objects.\n");
314 	}
315 	return (req);
316 }
317 
318 static struct ktr_request *
319 ktr_getrequest(int type)
320 {
321 	struct thread *td = curthread;
322 	struct ktr_request *req;
323 
324 	ktrace_enter(td);
325 	req = ktr_getrequest_entered(td, type);
326 	if (req == NULL)
327 		ktrace_exit(td);
328 
329 	return (req);
330 }
331 
332 /*
333  * Some trace generation environments don't permit direct access to VFS,
334  * such as during a context switch where sleeping is not allowed.  Under these
335  * circumstances, queue a request to the thread to be written asynchronously
336  * later.
337  */
338 static void
339 ktr_enqueuerequest(struct thread *td, struct ktr_request *req)
340 {
341 
342 	mtx_lock(&ktrace_mtx);
343 	STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&td->td_proc->p_ktr, req, ktr_list);
344 	mtx_unlock(&ktrace_mtx);
345 }
346 
347 /*
348  * Drain any pending ktrace records from the per-thread queue to disk.  This
349  * is used both internally before committing other records, and also on
350  * system call return.  We drain all the ones we can find at the time when
351  * drain is requested, but don't keep draining after that as those events
352  * may be approximately "after" the current event.
353  */
354 static void
355 ktr_drain(struct thread *td)
356 {
357 	struct ktr_request *queued_req;
358 	STAILQ_HEAD(, ktr_request) local_queue;
359 
360 	ktrace_assert(td);
361 	sx_assert(&ktrace_sx, SX_XLOCKED);
362 
363 	STAILQ_INIT(&local_queue);
364 
365 	if (!STAILQ_EMPTY(&td->td_proc->p_ktr)) {
366 		mtx_lock(&ktrace_mtx);
367 		STAILQ_CONCAT(&local_queue, &td->td_proc->p_ktr);
368 		mtx_unlock(&ktrace_mtx);
369 
370 		while ((queued_req = STAILQ_FIRST(&local_queue))) {
371 			STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD(&local_queue, ktr_list);
372 			ktr_writerequest(td, queued_req);
373 			ktr_freerequest(queued_req);
374 		}
375 	}
376 }
377 
378 /*
379  * Submit a trace record for immediate commit to disk -- to be used only
380  * where entering VFS is OK.  First drain any pending records that may have
381  * been cached in the thread.
382  */
383 static void
384 ktr_submitrequest(struct thread *td, struct ktr_request *req)
385 {
386 
387 	ktrace_assert(td);
388 
389 	sx_xlock(&ktrace_sx);
390 	ktr_drain(td);
391 	ktr_writerequest(td, req);
392 	ktr_freerequest(req);
393 	sx_xunlock(&ktrace_sx);
394 	ktrace_exit(td);
395 }
396 
397 static void
398 ktr_freerequest(struct ktr_request *req)
399 {
400 
401 	mtx_lock(&ktrace_mtx);
402 	ktr_freerequest_locked(req);
403 	mtx_unlock(&ktrace_mtx);
404 }
405 
406 static void
407 ktr_freerequest_locked(struct ktr_request *req)
408 {
409 
410 	mtx_assert(&ktrace_mtx, MA_OWNED);
411 	if (req->ktr_buffer != NULL)
412 		free(req->ktr_buffer, M_KTRACE);
413 	STAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&ktr_free, req, ktr_list);
414 }
415 
416 /*
417  * Disable tracing for a process and release all associated resources.
418  * The caller is responsible for releasing a reference on the returned
419  * vnode and credentials.
420  */
421 static void
422 ktr_freeproc(struct proc *p, struct ucred **uc, struct vnode **vp)
423 {
424 	struct ktr_request *req;
425 
426 	PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
427 	mtx_assert(&ktrace_mtx, MA_OWNED);
428 	*uc = p->p_tracecred;
429 	p->p_tracecred = NULL;
430 	if (vp != NULL)
431 		*vp = p->p_tracevp;
432 	p->p_tracevp = NULL;
433 	p->p_traceflag = 0;
434 	while ((req = STAILQ_FIRST(&p->p_ktr)) != NULL) {
435 		STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD(&p->p_ktr, ktr_list);
436 		ktr_freerequest_locked(req);
437 	}
438 }
439 
440 void
441 ktrsyscall(code, narg, args)
442 	int code, narg;
443 	register_t args[];
444 {
445 	struct ktr_request *req;
446 	struct ktr_syscall *ktp;
447 	size_t buflen;
448 	char *buf = NULL;
449 
450 	buflen = sizeof(register_t) * narg;
451 	if (buflen > 0) {
452 		buf = malloc(buflen, M_KTRACE, M_WAITOK);
453 		bcopy(args, buf, buflen);
454 	}
455 	req = ktr_getrequest(KTR_SYSCALL);
456 	if (req == NULL) {
457 		if (buf != NULL)
458 			free(buf, M_KTRACE);
459 		return;
460 	}
461 	ktp = &req->ktr_data.ktr_syscall;
462 	ktp->ktr_code = code;
463 	ktp->ktr_narg = narg;
464 	if (buflen > 0) {
465 		req->ktr_header.ktr_len = buflen;
466 		req->ktr_buffer = buf;
467 	}
468 	ktr_submitrequest(curthread, req);
469 }
470 
471 void
472 ktrsysret(code, error, retval)
473 	int code, error;
474 	register_t retval;
475 {
476 	struct ktr_request *req;
477 	struct ktr_sysret *ktp;
478 
479 	req = ktr_getrequest(KTR_SYSRET);
480 	if (req == NULL)
481 		return;
482 	ktp = &req->ktr_data.ktr_sysret;
483 	ktp->ktr_code = code;
484 	ktp->ktr_error = error;
485 	ktp->ktr_retval = ((error == 0) ? retval: 0);		/* what about val2 ? */
486 	ktr_submitrequest(curthread, req);
487 }
488 
489 /*
490  * When a setuid process execs, disable tracing.
491  *
492  * XXX: We toss any pending asynchronous records.
493  */
494 void
495 ktrprocexec(struct proc *p, struct ucred **uc, struct vnode **vp)
496 {
497 
498 	PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
499 	mtx_lock(&ktrace_mtx);
500 	ktr_freeproc(p, uc, vp);
501 	mtx_unlock(&ktrace_mtx);
502 }
503 
504 /*
505  * When a process exits, drain per-process asynchronous trace records
506  * and disable tracing.
507  */
508 void
509 ktrprocexit(struct thread *td)
510 {
511 	struct ktr_request *req;
512 	struct proc *p;
513 	struct ucred *cred;
514 	struct vnode *vp;
515 
516 	p = td->td_proc;
517 	if (p->p_traceflag == 0)
518 		return;
519 
520 	ktrace_enter(td);
521 	req = ktr_getrequest_entered(td, KTR_PROCDTOR);
522 	if (req != NULL)
523 		ktr_enqueuerequest(td, req);
524 	sx_xlock(&ktrace_sx);
525 	ktr_drain(td);
526 	sx_xunlock(&ktrace_sx);
527 	PROC_LOCK(p);
528 	mtx_lock(&ktrace_mtx);
529 	ktr_freeproc(p, &cred, &vp);
530 	mtx_unlock(&ktrace_mtx);
531 	PROC_UNLOCK(p);
532 	if (vp != NULL)
533 		vrele(vp);
534 	if (cred != NULL)
535 		crfree(cred);
536 	ktrace_exit(td);
537 }
538 
539 static void
540 ktrprocctor_entered(struct thread *td, struct proc *p)
541 {
542 	struct ktr_proc_ctor *ktp;
543 	struct ktr_request *req;
544 	struct thread *td2;
545 
546 	ktrace_assert(td);
547 	td2 = FIRST_THREAD_IN_PROC(p);
548 	req = ktr_getrequest_entered(td2, KTR_PROCCTOR);
549 	if (req == NULL)
550 		return;
551 	ktp = &req->ktr_data.ktr_proc_ctor;
552 	ktp->sv_flags = p->p_sysent->sv_flags;
553 	ktr_enqueuerequest(td2, req);
554 }
555 
556 void
557 ktrprocctor(struct proc *p)
558 {
559 	struct thread *td = curthread;
560 
561 	if ((p->p_traceflag & KTRFAC_MASK) == 0)
562 		return;
563 
564 	ktrace_enter(td);
565 	ktrprocctor_entered(td, p);
566 	ktrace_exit(td);
567 }
568 
569 /*
570  * When a process forks, enable tracing in the new process if needed.
571  */
572 void
573 ktrprocfork(struct proc *p1, struct proc *p2)
574 {
575 
576 	PROC_LOCK(p1);
577 	mtx_lock(&ktrace_mtx);
578 	KASSERT(p2->p_tracevp == NULL, ("new process has a ktrace vnode"));
579 	if (p1->p_traceflag & KTRFAC_INHERIT) {
580 		p2->p_traceflag = p1->p_traceflag;
581 		if ((p2->p_tracevp = p1->p_tracevp) != NULL) {
582 			VREF(p2->p_tracevp);
583 			KASSERT(p1->p_tracecred != NULL,
584 			    ("ktrace vnode with no cred"));
585 			p2->p_tracecred = crhold(p1->p_tracecred);
586 		}
587 	}
588 	mtx_unlock(&ktrace_mtx);
589 	PROC_UNLOCK(p1);
590 
591 	ktrprocctor(p2);
592 }
593 
594 /*
595  * When a thread returns, drain any asynchronous records generated by the
596  * system call.
597  */
598 void
599 ktruserret(struct thread *td)
600 {
601 
602 	ktrace_enter(td);
603 	sx_xlock(&ktrace_sx);
604 	ktr_drain(td);
605 	sx_xunlock(&ktrace_sx);
606 	ktrace_exit(td);
607 }
608 
609 void
610 ktrnamei(path)
611 	char *path;
612 {
613 	struct ktr_request *req;
614 	int namelen;
615 	char *buf = NULL;
616 
617 	namelen = strlen(path);
618 	if (namelen > 0) {
619 		buf = malloc(namelen, M_KTRACE, M_WAITOK);
620 		bcopy(path, buf, namelen);
621 	}
622 	req = ktr_getrequest(KTR_NAMEI);
623 	if (req == NULL) {
624 		if (buf != NULL)
625 			free(buf, M_KTRACE);
626 		return;
627 	}
628 	if (namelen > 0) {
629 		req->ktr_header.ktr_len = namelen;
630 		req->ktr_buffer = buf;
631 	}
632 	ktr_submitrequest(curthread, req);
633 }
634 
635 void
636 ktrsysctl(name, namelen)
637 	int *name;
638 	u_int namelen;
639 {
640 	struct ktr_request *req;
641 	u_int mib[CTL_MAXNAME + 2];
642 	char *mibname;
643 	size_t mibnamelen;
644 	int error;
645 
646 	/* Lookup name of mib. */
647 	KASSERT(namelen <= CTL_MAXNAME, ("sysctl MIB too long"));
648 	mib[0] = 0;
649 	mib[1] = 1;
650 	bcopy(name, mib + 2, namelen * sizeof(*name));
651 	mibnamelen = 128;
652 	mibname = malloc(mibnamelen, M_KTRACE, M_WAITOK);
653 	error = kernel_sysctl(curthread, mib, namelen + 2, mibname, &mibnamelen,
654 	    NULL, 0, &mibnamelen, 0);
655 	if (error) {
656 		free(mibname, M_KTRACE);
657 		return;
658 	}
659 	req = ktr_getrequest(KTR_SYSCTL);
660 	if (req == NULL) {
661 		free(mibname, M_KTRACE);
662 		return;
663 	}
664 	req->ktr_header.ktr_len = mibnamelen;
665 	req->ktr_buffer = mibname;
666 	ktr_submitrequest(curthread, req);
667 }
668 
669 void
670 ktrgenio(fd, rw, uio, error)
671 	int fd;
672 	enum uio_rw rw;
673 	struct uio *uio;
674 	int error;
675 {
676 	struct ktr_request *req;
677 	struct ktr_genio *ktg;
678 	int datalen;
679 	char *buf;
680 
681 	if (error) {
682 		free(uio, M_IOV);
683 		return;
684 	}
685 	uio->uio_offset = 0;
686 	uio->uio_rw = UIO_WRITE;
687 	datalen = MIN(uio->uio_resid, ktr_geniosize);
688 	buf = malloc(datalen, M_KTRACE, M_WAITOK);
689 	error = uiomove(buf, datalen, uio);
690 	free(uio, M_IOV);
691 	if (error) {
692 		free(buf, M_KTRACE);
693 		return;
694 	}
695 	req = ktr_getrequest(KTR_GENIO);
696 	if (req == NULL) {
697 		free(buf, M_KTRACE);
698 		return;
699 	}
700 	ktg = &req->ktr_data.ktr_genio;
701 	ktg->ktr_fd = fd;
702 	ktg->ktr_rw = rw;
703 	req->ktr_header.ktr_len = datalen;
704 	req->ktr_buffer = buf;
705 	ktr_submitrequest(curthread, req);
706 }
707 
708 void
709 ktrpsig(sig, action, mask, code)
710 	int sig;
711 	sig_t action;
712 	sigset_t *mask;
713 	int code;
714 {
715 	struct thread *td = curthread;
716 	struct ktr_request *req;
717 	struct ktr_psig	*kp;
718 
719 	req = ktr_getrequest(KTR_PSIG);
720 	if (req == NULL)
721 		return;
722 	kp = &req->ktr_data.ktr_psig;
723 	kp->signo = (char)sig;
724 	kp->action = action;
725 	kp->mask = *mask;
726 	kp->code = code;
727 	ktr_enqueuerequest(td, req);
728 	ktrace_exit(td);
729 }
730 
731 void
732 ktrcsw(out, user, wmesg)
733 	int out, user;
734 	const char *wmesg;
735 {
736 	struct thread *td = curthread;
737 	struct ktr_request *req;
738 	struct ktr_csw *kc;
739 
740 	req = ktr_getrequest(KTR_CSW);
741 	if (req == NULL)
742 		return;
743 	kc = &req->ktr_data.ktr_csw;
744 	kc->out = out;
745 	kc->user = user;
746 	if (wmesg != NULL)
747 		strlcpy(kc->wmesg, wmesg, sizeof(kc->wmesg));
748 	else
749 		bzero(kc->wmesg, sizeof(kc->wmesg));
750 	ktr_enqueuerequest(td, req);
751 	ktrace_exit(td);
752 }
753 
754 void
755 ktrstruct(name, data, datalen)
756 	const char *name;
757 	void *data;
758 	size_t datalen;
759 {
760 	struct ktr_request *req;
761 	char *buf = NULL;
762 	size_t buflen;
763 
764 	if (!data)
765 		datalen = 0;
766 	buflen = strlen(name) + 1 + datalen;
767 	buf = malloc(buflen, M_KTRACE, M_WAITOK);
768 	strcpy(buf, name);
769 	bcopy(data, buf + strlen(name) + 1, datalen);
770 	if ((req = ktr_getrequest(KTR_STRUCT)) == NULL) {
771 		free(buf, M_KTRACE);
772 		return;
773 	}
774 	req->ktr_buffer = buf;
775 	req->ktr_header.ktr_len = buflen;
776 	ktr_submitrequest(curthread, req);
777 }
778 
779 void
780 ktrcapfail(type, needed, held)
781 	enum ktr_cap_fail_type type;
782 	cap_rights_t needed;
783 	cap_rights_t held;
784 {
785 	struct thread *td = curthread;
786 	struct ktr_request *req;
787 	struct ktr_cap_fail *kcf;
788 
789 	req = ktr_getrequest(KTR_CAPFAIL);
790 	if (req == NULL)
791 		return;
792 	kcf = &req->ktr_data.ktr_cap_fail;
793 	kcf->cap_type = type;
794 	kcf->cap_needed = needed;
795 	kcf->cap_held = held;
796 	ktr_enqueuerequest(td, req);
797 	ktrace_exit(td);
798 }
799 
800 void
801 ktrfault(vaddr, type)
802 	vm_offset_t vaddr;
803 	int type;
804 {
805 	struct thread *td = curthread;
806 	struct ktr_request *req;
807 	struct ktr_fault *kf;
808 
809 	req = ktr_getrequest(KTR_FAULT);
810 	if (req == NULL)
811 		return;
812 	kf = &req->ktr_data.ktr_fault;
813 	kf->vaddr = vaddr;
814 	kf->type = type;
815 	ktr_enqueuerequest(td, req);
816 	ktrace_exit(td);
817 }
818 
819 void
820 ktrfaultend(result)
821 	int result;
822 {
823 	struct thread *td = curthread;
824 	struct ktr_request *req;
825 	struct ktr_faultend *kf;
826 
827 	req = ktr_getrequest(KTR_FAULTEND);
828 	if (req == NULL)
829 		return;
830 	kf = &req->ktr_data.ktr_faultend;
831 	kf->result = result;
832 	ktr_enqueuerequest(td, req);
833 	ktrace_exit(td);
834 }
835 #endif /* KTRACE */
836 
837 /* Interface and common routines */
838 
839 #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
840 struct ktrace_args {
841 	char	*fname;
842 	int	ops;
843 	int	facs;
844 	int	pid;
845 };
846 #endif
847 /* ARGSUSED */
848 int
849 sys_ktrace(td, uap)
850 	struct thread *td;
851 	register struct ktrace_args *uap;
852 {
853 #ifdef KTRACE
854 	register struct vnode *vp = NULL;
855 	register struct proc *p;
856 	struct pgrp *pg;
857 	int facs = uap->facs & ~KTRFAC_ROOT;
858 	int ops = KTROP(uap->ops);
859 	int descend = uap->ops & KTRFLAG_DESCEND;
860 	int nfound, ret = 0;
861 	int flags, error = 0;
862 	struct nameidata nd;
863 	struct ucred *cred;
864 
865 	/*
866 	 * Need something to (un)trace.
867 	 */
868 	if (ops != KTROP_CLEARFILE && facs == 0)
869 		return (EINVAL);
870 
871 	ktrace_enter(td);
872 	if (ops != KTROP_CLEAR) {
873 		/*
874 		 * an operation which requires a file argument.
875 		 */
876 		NDINIT(&nd, LOOKUP, NOFOLLOW, UIO_USERSPACE, uap->fname, td);
877 		flags = FREAD | FWRITE | O_NOFOLLOW;
878 		error = vn_open(&nd, &flags, 0, NULL);
879 		if (error) {
880 			ktrace_exit(td);
881 			return (error);
882 		}
883 		NDFREE(&nd, NDF_ONLY_PNBUF);
884 		vp = nd.ni_vp;
885 		VOP_UNLOCK(vp, 0);
886 		if (vp->v_type != VREG) {
887 			(void) vn_close(vp, FREAD|FWRITE, td->td_ucred, td);
888 			ktrace_exit(td);
889 			return (EACCES);
890 		}
891 	}
892 	/*
893 	 * Clear all uses of the tracefile.
894 	 */
895 	if (ops == KTROP_CLEARFILE) {
896 		int vrele_count;
897 
898 		vrele_count = 0;
899 		sx_slock(&allproc_lock);
900 		FOREACH_PROC_IN_SYSTEM(p) {
901 			PROC_LOCK(p);
902 			if (p->p_tracevp == vp) {
903 				if (ktrcanset(td, p)) {
904 					mtx_lock(&ktrace_mtx);
905 					ktr_freeproc(p, &cred, NULL);
906 					mtx_unlock(&ktrace_mtx);
907 					vrele_count++;
908 					crfree(cred);
909 				} else
910 					error = EPERM;
911 			}
912 			PROC_UNLOCK(p);
913 		}
914 		sx_sunlock(&allproc_lock);
915 		if (vrele_count > 0) {
916 			while (vrele_count-- > 0)
917 				vrele(vp);
918 		}
919 		goto done;
920 	}
921 	/*
922 	 * do it
923 	 */
924 	sx_slock(&proctree_lock);
925 	if (uap->pid < 0) {
926 		/*
927 		 * by process group
928 		 */
929 		pg = pgfind(-uap->pid);
930 		if (pg == NULL) {
931 			sx_sunlock(&proctree_lock);
932 			error = ESRCH;
933 			goto done;
934 		}
935 		/*
936 		 * ktrops() may call vrele(). Lock pg_members
937 		 * by the proctree_lock rather than pg_mtx.
938 		 */
939 		PGRP_UNLOCK(pg);
940 		nfound = 0;
941 		LIST_FOREACH(p, &pg->pg_members, p_pglist) {
942 			PROC_LOCK(p);
943 			if (p->p_state == PRS_NEW ||
944 			    p_cansee(td, p) != 0) {
945 				PROC_UNLOCK(p);
946 				continue;
947 			}
948 			nfound++;
949 			if (descend)
950 				ret |= ktrsetchildren(td, p, ops, facs, vp);
951 			else
952 				ret |= ktrops(td, p, ops, facs, vp);
953 		}
954 		if (nfound == 0) {
955 			sx_sunlock(&proctree_lock);
956 			error = ESRCH;
957 			goto done;
958 		}
959 	} else {
960 		/*
961 		 * by pid
962 		 */
963 		p = pfind(uap->pid);
964 		if (p == NULL)
965 			error = ESRCH;
966 		else
967 			error = p_cansee(td, p);
968 		if (error) {
969 			if (p != NULL)
970 				PROC_UNLOCK(p);
971 			sx_sunlock(&proctree_lock);
972 			goto done;
973 		}
974 		if (descend)
975 			ret |= ktrsetchildren(td, p, ops, facs, vp);
976 		else
977 			ret |= ktrops(td, p, ops, facs, vp);
978 	}
979 	sx_sunlock(&proctree_lock);
980 	if (!ret)
981 		error = EPERM;
982 done:
983 	if (vp != NULL)
984 		(void) vn_close(vp, FWRITE, td->td_ucred, td);
985 	ktrace_exit(td);
986 	return (error);
987 #else /* !KTRACE */
988 	return (ENOSYS);
989 #endif /* KTRACE */
990 }
991 
992 /* ARGSUSED */
993 int
994 sys_utrace(td, uap)
995 	struct thread *td;
996 	register struct utrace_args *uap;
997 {
998 
999 #ifdef KTRACE
1000 	struct ktr_request *req;
1001 	void *cp;
1002 	int error;
1003 
1004 	if (!KTRPOINT(td, KTR_USER))
1005 		return (0);
1006 	if (uap->len > KTR_USER_MAXLEN)
1007 		return (EINVAL);
1008 	cp = malloc(uap->len, M_KTRACE, M_WAITOK);
1009 	error = copyin(uap->addr, cp, uap->len);
1010 	if (error) {
1011 		free(cp, M_KTRACE);
1012 		return (error);
1013 	}
1014 	req = ktr_getrequest(KTR_USER);
1015 	if (req == NULL) {
1016 		free(cp, M_KTRACE);
1017 		return (ENOMEM);
1018 	}
1019 	req->ktr_buffer = cp;
1020 	req->ktr_header.ktr_len = uap->len;
1021 	ktr_submitrequest(td, req);
1022 	return (0);
1023 #else /* !KTRACE */
1024 	return (ENOSYS);
1025 #endif /* KTRACE */
1026 }
1027 
1028 #ifdef KTRACE
1029 static int
1030 ktrops(td, p, ops, facs, vp)
1031 	struct thread *td;
1032 	struct proc *p;
1033 	int ops, facs;
1034 	struct vnode *vp;
1035 {
1036 	struct vnode *tracevp = NULL;
1037 	struct ucred *tracecred = NULL;
1038 
1039 	PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
1040 	if (!ktrcanset(td, p)) {
1041 		PROC_UNLOCK(p);
1042 		return (0);
1043 	}
1044 	if (p->p_flag & P_WEXIT) {
1045 		/* If the process is exiting, just ignore it. */
1046 		PROC_UNLOCK(p);
1047 		return (1);
1048 	}
1049 	mtx_lock(&ktrace_mtx);
1050 	if (ops == KTROP_SET) {
1051 		if (p->p_tracevp != vp) {
1052 			/*
1053 			 * if trace file already in use, relinquish below
1054 			 */
1055 			tracevp = p->p_tracevp;
1056 			VREF(vp);
1057 			p->p_tracevp = vp;
1058 		}
1059 		if (p->p_tracecred != td->td_ucred) {
1060 			tracecred = p->p_tracecred;
1061 			p->p_tracecred = crhold(td->td_ucred);
1062 		}
1063 		p->p_traceflag |= facs;
1064 		if (priv_check(td, PRIV_KTRACE) == 0)
1065 			p->p_traceflag |= KTRFAC_ROOT;
1066 	} else {
1067 		/* KTROP_CLEAR */
1068 		if (((p->p_traceflag &= ~facs) & KTRFAC_MASK) == 0)
1069 			/* no more tracing */
1070 			ktr_freeproc(p, &tracecred, &tracevp);
1071 	}
1072 	mtx_unlock(&ktrace_mtx);
1073 	if ((p->p_traceflag & KTRFAC_MASK) != 0)
1074 		ktrprocctor_entered(td, p);
1075 	PROC_UNLOCK(p);
1076 	if (tracevp != NULL)
1077 		vrele(tracevp);
1078 	if (tracecred != NULL)
1079 		crfree(tracecred);
1080 
1081 	return (1);
1082 }
1083 
1084 static int
1085 ktrsetchildren(td, top, ops, facs, vp)
1086 	struct thread *td;
1087 	struct proc *top;
1088 	int ops, facs;
1089 	struct vnode *vp;
1090 {
1091 	register struct proc *p;
1092 	register int ret = 0;
1093 
1094 	p = top;
1095 	PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
1096 	sx_assert(&proctree_lock, SX_LOCKED);
1097 	for (;;) {
1098 		ret |= ktrops(td, p, ops, facs, vp);
1099 		/*
1100 		 * If this process has children, descend to them next,
1101 		 * otherwise do any siblings, and if done with this level,
1102 		 * follow back up the tree (but not past top).
1103 		 */
1104 		if (!LIST_EMPTY(&p->p_children))
1105 			p = LIST_FIRST(&p->p_children);
1106 		else for (;;) {
1107 			if (p == top)
1108 				return (ret);
1109 			if (LIST_NEXT(p, p_sibling)) {
1110 				p = LIST_NEXT(p, p_sibling);
1111 				break;
1112 			}
1113 			p = p->p_pptr;
1114 		}
1115 		PROC_LOCK(p);
1116 	}
1117 	/*NOTREACHED*/
1118 }
1119 
1120 static void
1121 ktr_writerequest(struct thread *td, struct ktr_request *req)
1122 {
1123 	struct ktr_header *kth;
1124 	struct vnode *vp;
1125 	struct proc *p;
1126 	struct ucred *cred;
1127 	struct uio auio;
1128 	struct iovec aiov[3];
1129 	struct mount *mp;
1130 	int datalen, buflen, vrele_count;
1131 	int error;
1132 
1133 	/*
1134 	 * We hold the vnode and credential for use in I/O in case ktrace is
1135 	 * disabled on the process as we write out the request.
1136 	 *
1137 	 * XXXRW: This is not ideal: we could end up performing a write after
1138 	 * the vnode has been closed.
1139 	 */
1140 	mtx_lock(&ktrace_mtx);
1141 	vp = td->td_proc->p_tracevp;
1142 	cred = td->td_proc->p_tracecred;
1143 
1144 	/*
1145 	 * If vp is NULL, the vp has been cleared out from under this
1146 	 * request, so just drop it.  Make sure the credential and vnode are
1147 	 * in sync: we should have both or neither.
1148 	 */
1149 	if (vp == NULL) {
1150 		KASSERT(cred == NULL, ("ktr_writerequest: cred != NULL"));
1151 		mtx_unlock(&ktrace_mtx);
1152 		return;
1153 	}
1154 	VREF(vp);
1155 	KASSERT(cred != NULL, ("ktr_writerequest: cred == NULL"));
1156 	crhold(cred);
1157 	mtx_unlock(&ktrace_mtx);
1158 
1159 	kth = &req->ktr_header;
1160 	KASSERT(((u_short)kth->ktr_type & ~KTR_DROP) <
1161 	    sizeof(data_lengths) / sizeof(data_lengths[0]),
1162 	    ("data_lengths array overflow"));
1163 	datalen = data_lengths[(u_short)kth->ktr_type & ~KTR_DROP];
1164 	buflen = kth->ktr_len;
1165 	auio.uio_iov = &aiov[0];
1166 	auio.uio_offset = 0;
1167 	auio.uio_segflg = UIO_SYSSPACE;
1168 	auio.uio_rw = UIO_WRITE;
1169 	aiov[0].iov_base = (caddr_t)kth;
1170 	aiov[0].iov_len = sizeof(struct ktr_header);
1171 	auio.uio_resid = sizeof(struct ktr_header);
1172 	auio.uio_iovcnt = 1;
1173 	auio.uio_td = td;
1174 	if (datalen != 0) {
1175 		aiov[1].iov_base = (caddr_t)&req->ktr_data;
1176 		aiov[1].iov_len = datalen;
1177 		auio.uio_resid += datalen;
1178 		auio.uio_iovcnt++;
1179 		kth->ktr_len += datalen;
1180 	}
1181 	if (buflen != 0) {
1182 		KASSERT(req->ktr_buffer != NULL, ("ktrace: nothing to write"));
1183 		aiov[auio.uio_iovcnt].iov_base = req->ktr_buffer;
1184 		aiov[auio.uio_iovcnt].iov_len = buflen;
1185 		auio.uio_resid += buflen;
1186 		auio.uio_iovcnt++;
1187 	}
1188 
1189 	vn_start_write(vp, &mp, V_WAIT);
1190 	vn_lock(vp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_RETRY);
1191 #ifdef MAC
1192 	error = mac_vnode_check_write(cred, NOCRED, vp);
1193 	if (error == 0)
1194 #endif
1195 		error = VOP_WRITE(vp, &auio, IO_UNIT | IO_APPEND, cred);
1196 	VOP_UNLOCK(vp, 0);
1197 	vn_finished_write(mp);
1198 	crfree(cred);
1199 	if (!error) {
1200 		vrele(vp);
1201 		return;
1202 	}
1203 
1204 	/*
1205 	 * If error encountered, give up tracing on this vnode.  We defer
1206 	 * all the vrele()'s on the vnode until after we are finished walking
1207 	 * the various lists to avoid needlessly holding locks.
1208 	 * NB: at this point we still hold the vnode reference that must
1209 	 * not go away as we need the valid vnode to compare with. Thus let
1210 	 * vrele_count start at 1 and the reference will be freed
1211 	 * by the loop at the end after our last use of vp.
1212 	 */
1213 	log(LOG_NOTICE, "ktrace write failed, errno %d, tracing stopped\n",
1214 	    error);
1215 	vrele_count = 1;
1216 	/*
1217 	 * First, clear this vnode from being used by any processes in the
1218 	 * system.
1219 	 * XXX - If one process gets an EPERM writing to the vnode, should
1220 	 * we really do this?  Other processes might have suitable
1221 	 * credentials for the operation.
1222 	 */
1223 	cred = NULL;
1224 	sx_slock(&allproc_lock);
1225 	FOREACH_PROC_IN_SYSTEM(p) {
1226 		PROC_LOCK(p);
1227 		if (p->p_tracevp == vp) {
1228 			mtx_lock(&ktrace_mtx);
1229 			ktr_freeproc(p, &cred, NULL);
1230 			mtx_unlock(&ktrace_mtx);
1231 			vrele_count++;
1232 		}
1233 		PROC_UNLOCK(p);
1234 		if (cred != NULL) {
1235 			crfree(cred);
1236 			cred = NULL;
1237 		}
1238 	}
1239 	sx_sunlock(&allproc_lock);
1240 
1241 	while (vrele_count-- > 0)
1242 		vrele(vp);
1243 }
1244 
1245 /*
1246  * Return true if caller has permission to set the ktracing state
1247  * of target.  Essentially, the target can't possess any
1248  * more permissions than the caller.  KTRFAC_ROOT signifies that
1249  * root previously set the tracing status on the target process, and
1250  * so, only root may further change it.
1251  */
1252 static int
1253 ktrcanset(td, targetp)
1254 	struct thread *td;
1255 	struct proc *targetp;
1256 {
1257 
1258 	PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(targetp, MA_OWNED);
1259 	if (targetp->p_traceflag & KTRFAC_ROOT &&
1260 	    priv_check(td, PRIV_KTRACE))
1261 		return (0);
1262 
1263 	if (p_candebug(td, targetp) != 0)
1264 		return (0);
1265 
1266 	return (1);
1267 }
1268 
1269 #endif /* KTRACE */
1270