xref: /freebsd/sys/netinet/tcp_output.c (revision 3157ba21)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1995
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
14  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
15  *    without specific prior written permission.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
18  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
19  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
21  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
23  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
24  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
25  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
26  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
27  * SUCH DAMAGE.
28  *
29  *	@(#)tcp_output.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 5/24/95
30  */
31 
32 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
33 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
34 
35 #include "opt_inet.h"
36 #include "opt_inet6.h"
37 #include "opt_ipsec.h"
38 #include "opt_tcpdebug.h"
39 
40 #include <sys/param.h>
41 #include <sys/systm.h>
42 #include <sys/domain.h>
43 #include <sys/kernel.h>
44 #include <sys/lock.h>
45 #include <sys/mbuf.h>
46 #include <sys/mutex.h>
47 #include <sys/protosw.h>
48 #include <sys/socket.h>
49 #include <sys/socketvar.h>
50 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
51 
52 #include <net/if.h>
53 #include <net/route.h>
54 #include <net/vnet.h>
55 
56 #include <netinet/in.h>
57 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
58 #include <netinet/ip.h>
59 #include <netinet/in_pcb.h>
60 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
61 #include <netinet/ip_options.h>
62 #ifdef INET6
63 #include <netinet6/in6_pcb.h>
64 #include <netinet/ip6.h>
65 #include <netinet6/ip6_var.h>
66 #endif
67 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
68 #define	TCPOUTFLAGS
69 #include <netinet/tcp_fsm.h>
70 #include <netinet/tcp_seq.h>
71 #include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
72 #include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
73 #include <netinet/tcpip.h>
74 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
75 #include <netinet/tcp_debug.h>
76 #endif
77 
78 #ifdef IPSEC
79 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
80 #endif /*IPSEC*/
81 
82 #include <machine/in_cksum.h>
83 
84 #include <security/mac/mac_framework.h>
85 
86 #ifdef notyet
87 extern struct mbuf *m_copypack();
88 #endif
89 
90 VNET_DEFINE(int, path_mtu_discovery) = 1;
91 SYSCTL_VNET_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, path_mtu_discovery, CTLFLAG_RW,
92 	&VNET_NAME(path_mtu_discovery), 1,
93 	"Enable Path MTU Discovery");
94 
95 VNET_DEFINE(int, ss_fltsz) = 1;
96 SYSCTL_VNET_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, slowstart_flightsize, CTLFLAG_RW,
97 	&VNET_NAME(ss_fltsz), 1,
98 	"Slow start flight size");
99 
100 VNET_DEFINE(int, ss_fltsz_local) = 4;
101 SYSCTL_VNET_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, local_slowstart_flightsize,
102 	CTLFLAG_RW, &VNET_NAME(ss_fltsz_local), 1,
103 	"Slow start flight size for local networks");
104 
105 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_do_newreno) = 1;
106 SYSCTL_VNET_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, newreno, CTLFLAG_RW,
107 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_do_newreno), 0,
108 	"Enable NewReno Algorithms");
109 
110 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_do_tso) = 1;
111 #define	V_tcp_do_tso		VNET(tcp_do_tso)
112 SYSCTL_VNET_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, tso, CTLFLAG_RW,
113 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_do_tso), 0,
114 	"Enable TCP Segmentation Offload");
115 
116 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_do_autosndbuf) = 1;
117 #define	V_tcp_do_autosndbuf	VNET(tcp_do_autosndbuf)
118 SYSCTL_VNET_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_auto, CTLFLAG_RW,
119 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_do_autosndbuf), 0,
120 	"Enable automatic send buffer sizing");
121 
122 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_autosndbuf_inc) = 8*1024;
123 #define	V_tcp_autosndbuf_inc	VNET(tcp_autosndbuf_inc)
124 SYSCTL_VNET_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_inc, CTLFLAG_RW,
125 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_autosndbuf_inc), 0,
126 	"Incrementor step size of automatic send buffer");
127 
128 VNET_DEFINE(int, tcp_autosndbuf_max) = 256*1024;
129 #define	V_tcp_autosndbuf_max	VNET(tcp_autosndbuf_max)
130 SYSCTL_VNET_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, sendbuf_max, CTLFLAG_RW,
131 	&VNET_NAME(tcp_autosndbuf_max), 0,
132 	"Max size of automatic send buffer");
133 
134 
135 /*
136  * Tcp output routine: figure out what should be sent and send it.
137  */
138 int
139 tcp_output(struct tcpcb *tp)
140 {
141 	struct socket *so = tp->t_inpcb->inp_socket;
142 	long len, recwin, sendwin;
143 	int off, flags, error;
144 	struct mbuf *m;
145 	struct ip *ip = NULL;
146 	struct ipovly *ipov = NULL;
147 	struct tcphdr *th;
148 	u_char opt[TCP_MAXOLEN];
149 	unsigned ipoptlen, optlen, hdrlen;
150 #ifdef IPSEC
151 	unsigned ipsec_optlen = 0;
152 #endif
153 	int idle, sendalot;
154 	int sack_rxmit, sack_bytes_rxmt;
155 	struct sackhole *p;
156 	int tso = 0;
157 	struct tcpopt to;
158 #if 0
159 	int maxburst = TCP_MAXBURST;
160 #endif
161 #ifdef INET6
162 	struct ip6_hdr *ip6 = NULL;
163 	int isipv6;
164 
165 	isipv6 = (tp->t_inpcb->inp_vflag & INP_IPV6) != 0;
166 #endif
167 
168 	INP_WLOCK_ASSERT(tp->t_inpcb);
169 
170 	/*
171 	 * Determine length of data that should be transmitted,
172 	 * and flags that will be used.
173 	 * If there is some data or critical controls (SYN, RST)
174 	 * to send, then transmit; otherwise, investigate further.
175 	 */
176 	idle = (tp->t_flags & TF_LASTIDLE) || (tp->snd_max == tp->snd_una);
177 	if (idle && ticks - tp->t_rcvtime >= tp->t_rxtcur) {
178 		/*
179 		 * We have been idle for "a while" and no acks are
180 		 * expected to clock out any data we send --
181 		 * slow start to get ack "clock" running again.
182 		 *
183 		 * Set the slow-start flight size depending on whether
184 		 * this is a local network or not.
185 		 */
186 		int ss = V_ss_fltsz;
187 #ifdef INET6
188 		if (isipv6) {
189 			if (in6_localaddr(&tp->t_inpcb->in6p_faddr))
190 				ss = V_ss_fltsz_local;
191 		} else
192 #endif /* INET6 */
193 		if (in_localaddr(tp->t_inpcb->inp_faddr))
194 			ss = V_ss_fltsz_local;
195 		tp->snd_cwnd = tp->t_maxseg * ss;
196 	}
197 	tp->t_flags &= ~TF_LASTIDLE;
198 	if (idle) {
199 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_MORETOCOME) {
200 			tp->t_flags |= TF_LASTIDLE;
201 			idle = 0;
202 		}
203 	}
204 again:
205 	/*
206 	 * If we've recently taken a timeout, snd_max will be greater than
207 	 * snd_nxt.  There may be SACK information that allows us to avoid
208 	 * resending already delivered data.  Adjust snd_nxt accordingly.
209 	 */
210 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) &&
211 	    SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max))
212 		tcp_sack_adjust(tp);
213 	sendalot = 0;
214 	off = tp->snd_nxt - tp->snd_una;
215 	sendwin = min(tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_cwnd);
216 	sendwin = min(sendwin, tp->snd_bwnd);
217 
218 	flags = tcp_outflags[tp->t_state];
219 	/*
220 	 * Send any SACK-generated retransmissions.  If we're explicitly trying
221 	 * to send out new data (when sendalot is 1), bypass this function.
222 	 * If we retransmit in fast recovery mode, decrement snd_cwnd, since
223 	 * we're replacing a (future) new transmission with a retransmission
224 	 * now, and we previously incremented snd_cwnd in tcp_input().
225 	 */
226 	/*
227 	 * Still in sack recovery , reset rxmit flag to zero.
228 	 */
229 	sack_rxmit = 0;
230 	sack_bytes_rxmt = 0;
231 	len = 0;
232 	p = NULL;
233 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) && IN_FASTRECOVERY(tp) &&
234 	    (p = tcp_sack_output(tp, &sack_bytes_rxmt))) {
235 		long cwin;
236 
237 		cwin = min(tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_cwnd) - sack_bytes_rxmt;
238 		if (cwin < 0)
239 			cwin = 0;
240 		/* Do not retransmit SACK segments beyond snd_recover */
241 		if (SEQ_GT(p->end, tp->snd_recover)) {
242 			/*
243 			 * (At least) part of sack hole extends beyond
244 			 * snd_recover. Check to see if we can rexmit data
245 			 * for this hole.
246 			 */
247 			if (SEQ_GEQ(p->rxmit, tp->snd_recover)) {
248 				/*
249 				 * Can't rexmit any more data for this hole.
250 				 * That data will be rexmitted in the next
251 				 * sack recovery episode, when snd_recover
252 				 * moves past p->rxmit.
253 				 */
254 				p = NULL;
255 				goto after_sack_rexmit;
256 			} else
257 				/* Can rexmit part of the current hole */
258 				len = ((long)ulmin(cwin,
259 						   tp->snd_recover - p->rxmit));
260 		} else
261 			len = ((long)ulmin(cwin, p->end - p->rxmit));
262 		off = p->rxmit - tp->snd_una;
263 		KASSERT(off >= 0,("%s: sack block to the left of una : %d",
264 		    __func__, off));
265 		if (len > 0) {
266 			sack_rxmit = 1;
267 			sendalot = 1;
268 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sack_rexmits);
269 			TCPSTAT_ADD(tcps_sack_rexmit_bytes,
270 			    min(len, tp->t_maxseg));
271 		}
272 	}
273 after_sack_rexmit:
274 	/*
275 	 * Get standard flags, and add SYN or FIN if requested by 'hidden'
276 	 * state flags.
277 	 */
278 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDFIN)
279 		flags |= TH_FIN;
280 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN)
281 		flags |= TH_SYN;
282 
283 	SOCKBUF_LOCK(&so->so_snd);
284 	/*
285 	 * If in persist timeout with window of 0, send 1 byte.
286 	 * Otherwise, if window is small but nonzero
287 	 * and timer expired, we will send what we can
288 	 * and go to transmit state.
289 	 */
290 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) {
291 		if (sendwin == 0) {
292 			/*
293 			 * If we still have some data to send, then
294 			 * clear the FIN bit.  Usually this would
295 			 * happen below when it realizes that we
296 			 * aren't sending all the data.  However,
297 			 * if we have exactly 1 byte of unsent data,
298 			 * then it won't clear the FIN bit below,
299 			 * and if we are in persist state, we wind
300 			 * up sending the packet without recording
301 			 * that we sent the FIN bit.
302 			 *
303 			 * We can't just blindly clear the FIN bit,
304 			 * because if we don't have any more data
305 			 * to send then the probe will be the FIN
306 			 * itself.
307 			 */
308 			if (off < so->so_snd.sb_cc)
309 				flags &= ~TH_FIN;
310 			sendwin = 1;
311 		} else {
312 			tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_PERSIST, 0);
313 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
314 		}
315 	}
316 
317 	/*
318 	 * If snd_nxt == snd_max and we have transmitted a FIN, the
319 	 * offset will be > 0 even if so_snd.sb_cc is 0, resulting in
320 	 * a negative length.  This can also occur when TCP opens up
321 	 * its congestion window while receiving additional duplicate
322 	 * acks after fast-retransmit because TCP will reset snd_nxt
323 	 * to snd_max after the fast-retransmit.
324 	 *
325 	 * In the normal retransmit-FIN-only case, however, snd_nxt will
326 	 * be set to snd_una, the offset will be 0, and the length may
327 	 * wind up 0.
328 	 *
329 	 * If sack_rxmit is true we are retransmitting from the scoreboard
330 	 * in which case len is already set.
331 	 */
332 	if (sack_rxmit == 0) {
333 		if (sack_bytes_rxmt == 0)
334 			len = ((long)ulmin(so->so_snd.sb_cc, sendwin) - off);
335 		else {
336 			long cwin;
337 
338                         /*
339 			 * We are inside of a SACK recovery episode and are
340 			 * sending new data, having retransmitted all the
341 			 * data possible in the scoreboard.
342 			 */
343 			len = ((long)ulmin(so->so_snd.sb_cc, tp->snd_wnd)
344 			       - off);
345 			/*
346 			 * Don't remove this (len > 0) check !
347 			 * We explicitly check for len > 0 here (although it
348 			 * isn't really necessary), to work around a gcc
349 			 * optimization issue - to force gcc to compute
350 			 * len above. Without this check, the computation
351 			 * of len is bungled by the optimizer.
352 			 */
353 			if (len > 0) {
354 				cwin = tp->snd_cwnd -
355 					(tp->snd_nxt - tp->sack_newdata) -
356 					sack_bytes_rxmt;
357 				if (cwin < 0)
358 					cwin = 0;
359 				len = lmin(len, cwin);
360 			}
361 		}
362 	}
363 
364 	/*
365 	 * Lop off SYN bit if it has already been sent.  However, if this
366 	 * is SYN-SENT state and if segment contains data and if we don't
367 	 * know that foreign host supports TAO, suppress sending segment.
368 	 */
369 	if ((flags & TH_SYN) && SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_una)) {
370 		if (tp->t_state != TCPS_SYN_RECEIVED)
371 			flags &= ~TH_SYN;
372 		off--, len++;
373 	}
374 
375 	/*
376 	 * Be careful not to send data and/or FIN on SYN segments.
377 	 * This measure is needed to prevent interoperability problems
378 	 * with not fully conformant TCP implementations.
379 	 */
380 	if ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_NOOPT)) {
381 		len = 0;
382 		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
383 	}
384 
385 	if (len < 0) {
386 		/*
387 		 * If FIN has been sent but not acked,
388 		 * but we haven't been called to retransmit,
389 		 * len will be < 0.  Otherwise, window shrank
390 		 * after we sent into it.  If window shrank to 0,
391 		 * cancel pending retransmit, pull snd_nxt back
392 		 * to (closed) window, and set the persist timer
393 		 * if it isn't already going.  If the window didn't
394 		 * close completely, just wait for an ACK.
395 		 */
396 		len = 0;
397 		if (sendwin == 0) {
398 			tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, 0);
399 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
400 			tp->snd_nxt = tp->snd_una;
401 			if (!tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST))
402 				tcp_setpersist(tp);
403 		}
404 	}
405 
406 	/* len will be >= 0 after this point. */
407 	KASSERT(len >= 0, ("[%s:%d]: len < 0", __func__, __LINE__));
408 
409 	/*
410 	 * Automatic sizing of send socket buffer.  Often the send buffer
411 	 * size is not optimally adjusted to the actual network conditions
412 	 * at hand (delay bandwidth product).  Setting the buffer size too
413 	 * small limits throughput on links with high bandwidth and high
414 	 * delay (eg. trans-continental/oceanic links).  Setting the
415 	 * buffer size too big consumes too much real kernel memory,
416 	 * especially with many connections on busy servers.
417 	 *
418 	 * The criteria to step up the send buffer one notch are:
419 	 *  1. receive window of remote host is larger than send buffer
420 	 *     (with a fudge factor of 5/4th);
421 	 *  2. send buffer is filled to 7/8th with data (so we actually
422 	 *     have data to make use of it);
423 	 *  3. send buffer fill has not hit maximal automatic size;
424 	 *  4. our send window (slow start and cogestion controlled) is
425 	 *     larger than sent but unacknowledged data in send buffer.
426 	 *
427 	 * The remote host receive window scaling factor may limit the
428 	 * growing of the send buffer before it reaches its allowed
429 	 * maximum.
430 	 *
431 	 * It scales directly with slow start or congestion window
432 	 * and does at most one step per received ACK.  This fast
433 	 * scaling has the drawback of growing the send buffer beyond
434 	 * what is strictly necessary to make full use of a given
435 	 * delay*bandwith product.  However testing has shown this not
436 	 * to be much of an problem.  At worst we are trading wasting
437 	 * of available bandwith (the non-use of it) for wasting some
438 	 * socket buffer memory.
439 	 *
440 	 * TODO: Shrink send buffer during idle periods together
441 	 * with congestion window.  Requires another timer.  Has to
442 	 * wait for upcoming tcp timer rewrite.
443 	 */
444 	if (V_tcp_do_autosndbuf && so->so_snd.sb_flags & SB_AUTOSIZE) {
445 		if ((tp->snd_wnd / 4 * 5) >= so->so_snd.sb_hiwat &&
446 		    so->so_snd.sb_cc >= (so->so_snd.sb_hiwat / 8 * 7) &&
447 		    so->so_snd.sb_cc < V_tcp_autosndbuf_max &&
448 		    sendwin >= (so->so_snd.sb_cc - (tp->snd_nxt - tp->snd_una))) {
449 			if (!sbreserve_locked(&so->so_snd,
450 			    min(so->so_snd.sb_hiwat + V_tcp_autosndbuf_inc,
451 			     V_tcp_autosndbuf_max), so, curthread))
452 				so->so_snd.sb_flags &= ~SB_AUTOSIZE;
453 		}
454 	}
455 
456 	/*
457 	 * Truncate to the maximum segment length or enable TCP Segmentation
458 	 * Offloading (if supported by hardware) and ensure that FIN is removed
459 	 * if the length no longer contains the last data byte.
460 	 *
461 	 * TSO may only be used if we are in a pure bulk sending state.  The
462 	 * presence of TCP-MD5, SACK retransmits, SACK advertizements and
463 	 * IP options prevent using TSO.  With TSO the TCP header is the same
464 	 * (except for the sequence number) for all generated packets.  This
465 	 * makes it impossible to transmit any options which vary per generated
466 	 * segment or packet.
467 	 *
468 	 * The length of TSO bursts is limited to TCP_MAXWIN.  That limit and
469 	 * removal of FIN (if not already catched here) are handled later after
470 	 * the exact length of the TCP options are known.
471 	 */
472 #ifdef IPSEC
473 	/*
474 	 * Pre-calculate here as we save another lookup into the darknesses
475 	 * of IPsec that way and can actually decide if TSO is ok.
476 	 */
477 	ipsec_optlen = ipsec_hdrsiz_tcp(tp);
478 #endif
479 	if (len > tp->t_maxseg) {
480 		if ((tp->t_flags & TF_TSO) && V_tcp_do_tso &&
481 		    ((tp->t_flags & TF_SIGNATURE) == 0) &&
482 		    tp->rcv_numsacks == 0 && sack_rxmit == 0 &&
483 		    tp->t_inpcb->inp_options == NULL &&
484 		    tp->t_inpcb->in6p_options == NULL
485 #ifdef IPSEC
486 		    && ipsec_optlen == 0
487 #endif
488 		    ) {
489 			tso = 1;
490 		} else {
491 			len = tp->t_maxseg;
492 			sendalot = 1;
493 			tso = 0;
494 		}
495 	}
496 	if (sack_rxmit) {
497 		if (SEQ_LT(p->rxmit + len, tp->snd_una + so->so_snd.sb_cc))
498 			flags &= ~TH_FIN;
499 	} else {
500 		if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt + len, tp->snd_una + so->so_snd.sb_cc))
501 			flags &= ~TH_FIN;
502 	}
503 
504 	recwin = sbspace(&so->so_rcv);
505 
506 	/*
507 	 * Sender silly window avoidance.   We transmit under the following
508 	 * conditions when len is non-zero:
509 	 *
510 	 *	- We have a full segment (or more with TSO)
511 	 *	- This is the last buffer in a write()/send() and we are
512 	 *	  either idle or running NODELAY
513 	 *	- we've timed out (e.g. persist timer)
514 	 *	- we have more then 1/2 the maximum send window's worth of
515 	 *	  data (receiver may be limited the window size)
516 	 *	- we need to retransmit
517 	 */
518 	if (len) {
519 		if (len >= tp->t_maxseg)
520 			goto send;
521 		/*
522 		 * NOTE! on localhost connections an 'ack' from the remote
523 		 * end may occur synchronously with the output and cause
524 		 * us to flush a buffer queued with moretocome.  XXX
525 		 *
526 		 * note: the len + off check is almost certainly unnecessary.
527 		 */
528 		if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_MORETOCOME) &&	/* normal case */
529 		    (idle || (tp->t_flags & TF_NODELAY)) &&
530 		    len + off >= so->so_snd.sb_cc &&
531 		    (tp->t_flags & TF_NOPUSH) == 0) {
532 			goto send;
533 		}
534 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA)		/* typ. timeout case */
535 			goto send;
536 		if (len >= tp->max_sndwnd / 2 && tp->max_sndwnd > 0)
537 			goto send;
538 		if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max))	/* retransmit case */
539 			goto send;
540 		if (sack_rxmit)
541 			goto send;
542 	}
543 
544 	/*
545 	 * Compare available window to amount of window
546 	 * known to peer (as advertised window less
547 	 * next expected input).  If the difference is at least two
548 	 * max size segments, or at least 50% of the maximum possible
549 	 * window, then want to send a window update to peer.
550 	 * Skip this if the connection is in T/TCP half-open state.
551 	 * Don't send pure window updates when the peer has closed
552 	 * the connection and won't ever send more data.
553 	 */
554 	if (recwin > 0 && !(tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN) &&
555 	    !TCPS_HAVERCVDFIN(tp->t_state)) {
556 		/*
557 		 * "adv" is the amount we can increase the window,
558 		 * taking into account that we are limited by
559 		 * TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale.
560 		 */
561 		long adv = min(recwin, (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale) -
562 			(tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt);
563 
564 		if (adv >= (long) (2 * tp->t_maxseg))
565 			goto send;
566 		if (2 * adv >= (long) so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat)
567 			goto send;
568 	}
569 
570 	/*
571 	 * Send if we owe the peer an ACK, RST, SYN, or urgent data.  ACKNOW
572 	 * is also a catch-all for the retransmit timer timeout case.
573 	 */
574 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_ACKNOW)
575 		goto send;
576 	if ((flags & TH_RST) ||
577 	    ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN) == 0))
578 		goto send;
579 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_una))
580 		goto send;
581 	/*
582 	 * If our state indicates that FIN should be sent
583 	 * and we have not yet done so, then we need to send.
584 	 */
585 	if (flags & TH_FIN &&
586 	    ((tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN) == 0 || tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_una))
587 		goto send;
588 	/*
589 	 * In SACK, it is possible for tcp_output to fail to send a segment
590 	 * after the retransmission timer has been turned off.  Make sure
591 	 * that the retransmission timer is set.
592 	 */
593 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) &&
594 	    SEQ_GT(tp->snd_max, tp->snd_una) &&
595 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
596 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
597 		tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, tp->t_rxtcur);
598 		goto just_return;
599 	}
600 	/*
601 	 * TCP window updates are not reliable, rather a polling protocol
602 	 * using ``persist'' packets is used to insure receipt of window
603 	 * updates.  The three ``states'' for the output side are:
604 	 *	idle			not doing retransmits or persists
605 	 *	persisting		to move a small or zero window
606 	 *	(re)transmitting	and thereby not persisting
607 	 *
608 	 * tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)
609 	 *	is true when we are in persist state.
610 	 * (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA)
611 	 *	is set when we are called to send a persist packet.
612 	 * tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT)
613 	 *	is set when we are retransmitting
614 	 * The output side is idle when both timers are zero.
615 	 *
616 	 * If send window is too small, there is data to transmit, and no
617 	 * retransmit or persist is pending, then go to persist state.
618 	 * If nothing happens soon, send when timer expires:
619 	 * if window is nonzero, transmit what we can,
620 	 * otherwise force out a byte.
621 	 */
622 	if (so->so_snd.sb_cc && !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
623 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
624 		tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
625 		tcp_setpersist(tp);
626 	}
627 
628 	/*
629 	 * No reason to send a segment, just return.
630 	 */
631 just_return:
632 	SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
633 	return (0);
634 
635 send:
636 	SOCKBUF_LOCK_ASSERT(&so->so_snd);
637 	/*
638 	 * Before ESTABLISHED, force sending of initial options
639 	 * unless TCP set not to do any options.
640 	 * NOTE: we assume that the IP/TCP header plus TCP options
641 	 * always fit in a single mbuf, leaving room for a maximum
642 	 * link header, i.e.
643 	 *	max_linkhdr + sizeof (struct tcpiphdr) + optlen <= MCLBYTES
644 	 */
645 	optlen = 0;
646 #ifdef INET6
647 	if (isipv6)
648 		hdrlen = sizeof (struct ip6_hdr) + sizeof (struct tcphdr);
649 	else
650 #endif
651 	hdrlen = sizeof (struct tcpiphdr);
652 
653 	/*
654 	 * Compute options for segment.
655 	 * We only have to care about SYN and established connection
656 	 * segments.  Options for SYN-ACK segments are handled in TCP
657 	 * syncache.
658 	 */
659 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_NOOPT) == 0) {
660 		to.to_flags = 0;
661 		/* Maximum segment size. */
662 		if (flags & TH_SYN) {
663 			tp->snd_nxt = tp->iss;
664 			to.to_mss = tcp_mssopt(&tp->t_inpcb->inp_inc);
665 			to.to_flags |= TOF_MSS;
666 		}
667 		/* Window scaling. */
668 		if ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_REQ_SCALE)) {
669 			to.to_wscale = tp->request_r_scale;
670 			to.to_flags |= TOF_SCALE;
671 		}
672 		/* Timestamps. */
673 		if ((tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_TSTMP) ||
674 		    ((flags & TH_SYN) && (tp->t_flags & TF_REQ_TSTMP))) {
675 			to.to_tsval = ticks + tp->ts_offset;
676 			to.to_tsecr = tp->ts_recent;
677 			to.to_flags |= TOF_TS;
678 			/* Set receive buffer autosizing timestamp. */
679 			if (tp->rfbuf_ts == 0 &&
680 			    (so->so_rcv.sb_flags & SB_AUTOSIZE))
681 				tp->rfbuf_ts = ticks;
682 		}
683 		/* Selective ACK's. */
684 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) {
685 			if (flags & TH_SYN)
686 				to.to_flags |= TOF_SACKPERM;
687 			else if (TCPS_HAVEESTABLISHED(tp->t_state) &&
688 			    (tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMIT) &&
689 			    tp->rcv_numsacks > 0) {
690 				to.to_flags |= TOF_SACK;
691 				to.to_nsacks = tp->rcv_numsacks;
692 				to.to_sacks = (u_char *)tp->sackblks;
693 			}
694 		}
695 #ifdef TCP_SIGNATURE
696 		/* TCP-MD5 (RFC2385). */
697 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_SIGNATURE)
698 			to.to_flags |= TOF_SIGNATURE;
699 #endif /* TCP_SIGNATURE */
700 
701 		/* Processing the options. */
702 		hdrlen += optlen = tcp_addoptions(&to, opt);
703 	}
704 
705 #ifdef INET6
706 	if (isipv6)
707 		ipoptlen = ip6_optlen(tp->t_inpcb);
708 	else
709 #endif
710 	if (tp->t_inpcb->inp_options)
711 		ipoptlen = tp->t_inpcb->inp_options->m_len -
712 				offsetof(struct ipoption, ipopt_list);
713 	else
714 		ipoptlen = 0;
715 #ifdef IPSEC
716 	ipoptlen += ipsec_optlen;
717 #endif
718 
719 	/*
720 	 * Adjust data length if insertion of options will
721 	 * bump the packet length beyond the t_maxopd length.
722 	 * Clear the FIN bit because we cut off the tail of
723 	 * the segment.
724 	 *
725 	 * When doing TSO limit a burst to TCP_MAXWIN minus the
726 	 * IP, TCP and Options length to keep ip->ip_len from
727 	 * overflowing.  Prevent the last segment from being
728 	 * fractional thus making them all equal sized and set
729 	 * the flag to continue sending.  TSO is disabled when
730 	 * IP options or IPSEC are present.
731 	 */
732 	if (len + optlen + ipoptlen > tp->t_maxopd) {
733 		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
734 		if (tso) {
735 			if (len > TCP_MAXWIN - hdrlen - optlen) {
736 				len = TCP_MAXWIN - hdrlen - optlen;
737 				len = len - (len % (tp->t_maxopd - optlen));
738 				sendalot = 1;
739 			} else if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDFIN)
740 				sendalot = 1;
741 		} else {
742 			len = tp->t_maxopd - optlen - ipoptlen;
743 			sendalot = 1;
744 		}
745 	}
746 
747 /*#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC*/
748 #ifdef INET6
749 	if (max_linkhdr + hdrlen > MCLBYTES)
750 #else
751 	if (max_linkhdr + hdrlen > MHLEN)
752 #endif
753 		panic("tcphdr too big");
754 /*#endif*/
755 
756 	/*
757 	 * This KASSERT is here to catch edge cases at a well defined place.
758 	 * Before, those had triggered (random) panic conditions further down.
759 	 */
760 	KASSERT(len >= 0, ("[%s:%d]: len < 0", __func__, __LINE__));
761 
762 	/*
763 	 * Grab a header mbuf, attaching a copy of data to
764 	 * be transmitted, and initialize the header from
765 	 * the template for sends on this connection.
766 	 */
767 	if (len) {
768 		struct mbuf *mb;
769 		u_int moff;
770 
771 		if ((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) && len == 1)
772 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndprobe);
773 		else if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max) || sack_rxmit) {
774 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndrexmitpack);
775 			TCPSTAT_ADD(tcps_sndrexmitbyte, len);
776 		} else {
777 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndpack);
778 			TCPSTAT_ADD(tcps_sndbyte, len);
779 		}
780 #ifdef notyet
781 		if ((m = m_copypack(so->so_snd.sb_mb, off,
782 		    (int)len, max_linkhdr + hdrlen)) == 0) {
783 			SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
784 			error = ENOBUFS;
785 			goto out;
786 		}
787 		/*
788 		 * m_copypack left space for our hdr; use it.
789 		 */
790 		m->m_len += hdrlen;
791 		m->m_data -= hdrlen;
792 #else
793 		MGETHDR(m, M_DONTWAIT, MT_DATA);
794 		if (m == NULL) {
795 			SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
796 			error = ENOBUFS;
797 			goto out;
798 		}
799 #ifdef INET6
800 		if (MHLEN < hdrlen + max_linkhdr) {
801 			MCLGET(m, M_DONTWAIT);
802 			if ((m->m_flags & M_EXT) == 0) {
803 				SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
804 				m_freem(m);
805 				error = ENOBUFS;
806 				goto out;
807 			}
808 		}
809 #endif
810 		m->m_data += max_linkhdr;
811 		m->m_len = hdrlen;
812 
813 		/*
814 		 * Start the m_copy functions from the closest mbuf
815 		 * to the offset in the socket buffer chain.
816 		 */
817 		mb = sbsndptr(&so->so_snd, off, len, &moff);
818 
819 		if (len <= MHLEN - hdrlen - max_linkhdr) {
820 			m_copydata(mb, moff, (int)len,
821 			    mtod(m, caddr_t) + hdrlen);
822 			m->m_len += len;
823 		} else {
824 			m->m_next = m_copy(mb, moff, (int)len);
825 			if (m->m_next == NULL) {
826 				SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
827 				(void) m_free(m);
828 				error = ENOBUFS;
829 				goto out;
830 			}
831 		}
832 #endif
833 		/*
834 		 * If we're sending everything we've got, set PUSH.
835 		 * (This will keep happy those implementations which only
836 		 * give data to the user when a buffer fills or
837 		 * a PUSH comes in.)
838 		 */
839 		if (off + len == so->so_snd.sb_cc)
840 			flags |= TH_PUSH;
841 		SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
842 	} else {
843 		SOCKBUF_UNLOCK(&so->so_snd);
844 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ACKNOW)
845 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndacks);
846 		else if (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN|TH_RST))
847 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndctrl);
848 		else if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_una))
849 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndurg);
850 		else
851 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndwinup);
852 
853 		MGETHDR(m, M_DONTWAIT, MT_DATA);
854 		if (m == NULL) {
855 			error = ENOBUFS;
856 			goto out;
857 		}
858 #ifdef INET6
859 		if (isipv6 && (MHLEN < hdrlen + max_linkhdr) &&
860 		    MHLEN >= hdrlen) {
861 			MH_ALIGN(m, hdrlen);
862 		} else
863 #endif
864 		m->m_data += max_linkhdr;
865 		m->m_len = hdrlen;
866 	}
867 	SOCKBUF_UNLOCK_ASSERT(&so->so_snd);
868 	m->m_pkthdr.rcvif = (struct ifnet *)0;
869 #ifdef MAC
870 	mac_inpcb_create_mbuf(tp->t_inpcb, m);
871 #endif
872 #ifdef INET6
873 	if (isipv6) {
874 		ip6 = mtod(m, struct ip6_hdr *);
875 		th = (struct tcphdr *)(ip6 + 1);
876 		tcpip_fillheaders(tp->t_inpcb, ip6, th);
877 	} else
878 #endif /* INET6 */
879 	{
880 		ip = mtod(m, struct ip *);
881 		ipov = (struct ipovly *)ip;
882 		th = (struct tcphdr *)(ip + 1);
883 		tcpip_fillheaders(tp->t_inpcb, ip, th);
884 	}
885 
886 	/*
887 	 * Fill in fields, remembering maximum advertised
888 	 * window for use in delaying messages about window sizes.
889 	 * If resending a FIN, be sure not to use a new sequence number.
890 	 */
891 	if (flags & TH_FIN && tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN &&
892 	    tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_max)
893 		tp->snd_nxt--;
894 	/*
895 	 * If we are starting a connection, send ECN setup
896 	 * SYN packet. If we are on a retransmit, we may
897 	 * resend those bits a number of times as per
898 	 * RFC 3168.
899 	 */
900 	if (tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT && V_tcp_do_ecn) {
901 		if (tp->t_rxtshift >= 1) {
902 			if (tp->t_rxtshift <= V_tcp_ecn_maxretries)
903 				flags |= TH_ECE|TH_CWR;
904 		} else
905 			flags |= TH_ECE|TH_CWR;
906 	}
907 
908 	if (tp->t_state == TCPS_ESTABLISHED &&
909 	    (tp->t_flags & TF_ECN_PERMIT)) {
910 		/*
911 		 * If the peer has ECN, mark data packets with
912 		 * ECN capable transmission (ECT).
913 		 * Ignore pure ack packets, retransmissions and window probes.
914 		 */
915 		if (len > 0 && SEQ_GEQ(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max) &&
916 		    !((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) && len == 1)) {
917 #ifdef INET6
918 			if (isipv6)
919 				ip6->ip6_flow |= htonl(IPTOS_ECN_ECT0 << 20);
920 			else
921 #endif
922 				ip->ip_tos |= IPTOS_ECN_ECT0;
923 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_ecn_ect0);
924 		}
925 
926 		/*
927 		 * Reply with proper ECN notifications.
928 		 */
929 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ECN_SND_CWR) {
930 			flags |= TH_CWR;
931 			tp->t_flags &= ~TF_ECN_SND_CWR;
932 		}
933 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ECN_SND_ECE)
934 			flags |= TH_ECE;
935 	}
936 
937 	/*
938 	 * If we are doing retransmissions, then snd_nxt will
939 	 * not reflect the first unsent octet.  For ACK only
940 	 * packets, we do not want the sequence number of the
941 	 * retransmitted packet, we want the sequence number
942 	 * of the next unsent octet.  So, if there is no data
943 	 * (and no SYN or FIN), use snd_max instead of snd_nxt
944 	 * when filling in ti_seq.  But if we are in persist
945 	 * state, snd_max might reflect one byte beyond the
946 	 * right edge of the window, so use snd_nxt in that
947 	 * case, since we know we aren't doing a retransmission.
948 	 * (retransmit and persist are mutually exclusive...)
949 	 */
950 	if (sack_rxmit == 0) {
951 		if (len || (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN)) ||
952 		    tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST))
953 			th->th_seq = htonl(tp->snd_nxt);
954 		else
955 			th->th_seq = htonl(tp->snd_max);
956 	} else {
957 		th->th_seq = htonl(p->rxmit);
958 		p->rxmit += len;
959 		tp->sackhint.sack_bytes_rexmit += len;
960 	}
961 	th->th_ack = htonl(tp->rcv_nxt);
962 	if (optlen) {
963 		bcopy(opt, th + 1, optlen);
964 		th->th_off = (sizeof (struct tcphdr) + optlen) >> 2;
965 	}
966 	th->th_flags = flags;
967 	/*
968 	 * Calculate receive window.  Don't shrink window,
969 	 * but avoid silly window syndrome.
970 	 */
971 	if (recwin < (long)(so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat / 4) &&
972 	    recwin < (long)tp->t_maxseg)
973 		recwin = 0;
974 	if (recwin < (long)(tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt))
975 		recwin = (long)(tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt);
976 	if (recwin > (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale)
977 		recwin = (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale;
978 
979 	/*
980 	 * According to RFC1323 the window field in a SYN (i.e., a <SYN>
981 	 * or <SYN,ACK>) segment itself is never scaled.  The <SYN,ACK>
982 	 * case is handled in syncache.
983 	 */
984 	if (flags & TH_SYN)
985 		th->th_win = htons((u_short)
986 				(min(sbspace(&so->so_rcv), TCP_MAXWIN)));
987 	else
988 		th->th_win = htons((u_short)(recwin >> tp->rcv_scale));
989 
990 	/*
991 	 * Adjust the RXWIN0SENT flag - indicate that we have advertised
992 	 * a 0 window.  This may cause the remote transmitter to stall.  This
993 	 * flag tells soreceive() to disable delayed acknowledgements when
994 	 * draining the buffer.  This can occur if the receiver is attempting
995 	 * to read more data than can be buffered prior to transmitting on
996 	 * the connection.
997 	 */
998 	if (th->th_win == 0)
999 		tp->t_flags |= TF_RXWIN0SENT;
1000 	else
1001 		tp->t_flags &= ~TF_RXWIN0SENT;
1002 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_nxt)) {
1003 		th->th_urp = htons((u_short)(tp->snd_up - tp->snd_nxt));
1004 		th->th_flags |= TH_URG;
1005 	} else
1006 		/*
1007 		 * If no urgent pointer to send, then we pull
1008 		 * the urgent pointer to the left edge of the send window
1009 		 * so that it doesn't drift into the send window on sequence
1010 		 * number wraparound.
1011 		 */
1012 		tp->snd_up = tp->snd_una;		/* drag it along */
1013 
1014 #ifdef TCP_SIGNATURE
1015 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_SIGNATURE) {
1016 		int sigoff = to.to_signature - opt;
1017 		tcp_signature_compute(m, 0, len, optlen,
1018 		    (u_char *)(th + 1) + sigoff, IPSEC_DIR_OUTBOUND);
1019 	}
1020 #endif
1021 
1022 	/*
1023 	 * Put TCP length in extended header, and then
1024 	 * checksum extended header and data.
1025 	 */
1026 	m->m_pkthdr.len = hdrlen + len; /* in6_cksum() need this */
1027 #ifdef INET6
1028 	if (isipv6)
1029 		/*
1030 		 * ip6_plen is not need to be filled now, and will be filled
1031 		 * in ip6_output.
1032 		 */
1033 		th->th_sum = in6_cksum(m, IPPROTO_TCP, sizeof(struct ip6_hdr),
1034 				       sizeof(struct tcphdr) + optlen + len);
1035 	else
1036 #endif /* INET6 */
1037 	{
1038 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags = CSUM_TCP;
1039 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_data = offsetof(struct tcphdr, th_sum);
1040 		th->th_sum = in_pseudo(ip->ip_src.s_addr, ip->ip_dst.s_addr,
1041 		    htons(sizeof(struct tcphdr) + IPPROTO_TCP + len + optlen));
1042 
1043 		/* IP version must be set here for ipv4/ipv6 checking later */
1044 		KASSERT(ip->ip_v == IPVERSION,
1045 		    ("%s: IP version incorrect: %d", __func__, ip->ip_v));
1046 	}
1047 
1048 	/*
1049 	 * Enable TSO and specify the size of the segments.
1050 	 * The TCP pseudo header checksum is always provided.
1051 	 * XXX: Fixme: This is currently not the case for IPv6.
1052 	 */
1053 	if (tso) {
1054 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags |= CSUM_TSO;
1055 		m->m_pkthdr.tso_segsz = tp->t_maxopd - optlen;
1056 	}
1057 
1058 	/*
1059 	 * In transmit state, time the transmission and arrange for
1060 	 * the retransmit.  In persist state, just set snd_max.
1061 	 */
1062 	if ((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) == 0 ||
1063 	    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
1064 		tcp_seq startseq = tp->snd_nxt;
1065 
1066 		/*
1067 		 * Advance snd_nxt over sequence space of this segment.
1068 		 */
1069 		if (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN)) {
1070 			if (flags & TH_SYN)
1071 				tp->snd_nxt++;
1072 			if (flags & TH_FIN) {
1073 				tp->snd_nxt++;
1074 				tp->t_flags |= TF_SENTFIN;
1075 			}
1076 		}
1077 		if (sack_rxmit)
1078 			goto timer;
1079 		tp->snd_nxt += len;
1080 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max)) {
1081 			tp->snd_max = tp->snd_nxt;
1082 			/*
1083 			 * Time this transmission if not a retransmission and
1084 			 * not currently timing anything.
1085 			 */
1086 			if (tp->t_rtttime == 0) {
1087 				tp->t_rtttime = ticks;
1088 				tp->t_rtseq = startseq;
1089 				TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_segstimed);
1090 			}
1091 		}
1092 
1093 		/*
1094 		 * Set retransmit timer if not currently set,
1095 		 * and not doing a pure ack or a keep-alive probe.
1096 		 * Initial value for retransmit timer is smoothed
1097 		 * round-trip time + 2 * round-trip time variance.
1098 		 * Initialize shift counter which is used for backoff
1099 		 * of retransmit time.
1100 		 */
1101 timer:
1102 		if (!tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
1103 		    ((sack_rxmit && tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_max) ||
1104 		     (tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_una))) {
1105 			if (tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) {
1106 				tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_PERSIST, 0);
1107 				tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
1108 			}
1109 			tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, tp->t_rxtcur);
1110 		}
1111 	} else {
1112 		/*
1113 		 * Persist case, update snd_max but since we are in
1114 		 * persist mode (no window) we do not update snd_nxt.
1115 		 */
1116 		int xlen = len;
1117 		if (flags & TH_SYN)
1118 			++xlen;
1119 		if (flags & TH_FIN) {
1120 			++xlen;
1121 			tp->t_flags |= TF_SENTFIN;
1122 		}
1123 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt + xlen, tp->snd_max))
1124 			tp->snd_max = tp->snd_nxt + len;
1125 	}
1126 
1127 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
1128 	/*
1129 	 * Trace.
1130 	 */
1131 	if (so->so_options & SO_DEBUG) {
1132 		u_short save = 0;
1133 #ifdef INET6
1134 		if (!isipv6)
1135 #endif
1136 		{
1137 			save = ipov->ih_len;
1138 			ipov->ih_len = htons(m->m_pkthdr.len /* - hdrlen + (th->th_off << 2) */);
1139 		}
1140 		tcp_trace(TA_OUTPUT, tp->t_state, tp, mtod(m, void *), th, 0);
1141 #ifdef INET6
1142 		if (!isipv6)
1143 #endif
1144 		ipov->ih_len = save;
1145 	}
1146 #endif
1147 
1148 	/*
1149 	 * Fill in IP length and desired time to live and
1150 	 * send to IP level.  There should be a better way
1151 	 * to handle ttl and tos; we could keep them in
1152 	 * the template, but need a way to checksum without them.
1153 	 */
1154 	/*
1155 	 * m->m_pkthdr.len should have been set before cksum calcuration,
1156 	 * because in6_cksum() need it.
1157 	 */
1158 #ifdef INET6
1159 	if (isipv6) {
1160 		/*
1161 		 * we separately set hoplimit for every segment, since the
1162 		 * user might want to change the value via setsockopt.
1163 		 * Also, desired default hop limit might be changed via
1164 		 * Neighbor Discovery.
1165 		 */
1166 		ip6->ip6_hlim = in6_selecthlim(tp->t_inpcb, NULL);
1167 
1168 		/* TODO: IPv6 IP6TOS_ECT bit on */
1169 		error = ip6_output(m,
1170 			    tp->t_inpcb->in6p_outputopts, NULL,
1171 			    ((so->so_options & SO_DONTROUTE) ?
1172 			    IP_ROUTETOIF : 0), NULL, NULL, tp->t_inpcb);
1173 	} else
1174 #endif /* INET6 */
1175     {
1176 	ip->ip_len = m->m_pkthdr.len;
1177 #ifdef INET6
1178 	if (tp->t_inpcb->inp_vflag & INP_IPV6PROTO)
1179 		ip->ip_ttl = in6_selecthlim(tp->t_inpcb, NULL);
1180 #endif /* INET6 */
1181 	/*
1182 	 * If we do path MTU discovery, then we set DF on every packet.
1183 	 * This might not be the best thing to do according to RFC3390
1184 	 * Section 2. However the tcp hostcache migitates the problem
1185 	 * so it affects only the first tcp connection with a host.
1186 	 */
1187 	if (V_path_mtu_discovery)
1188 		ip->ip_off |= IP_DF;
1189 
1190 	error = ip_output(m, tp->t_inpcb->inp_options, NULL,
1191 	    ((so->so_options & SO_DONTROUTE) ? IP_ROUTETOIF : 0), 0,
1192 	    tp->t_inpcb);
1193     }
1194 	if (error) {
1195 
1196 		/*
1197 		 * We know that the packet was lost, so back out the
1198 		 * sequence number advance, if any.
1199 		 *
1200 		 * If the error is EPERM the packet got blocked by the
1201 		 * local firewall.  Normally we should terminate the
1202 		 * connection but the blocking may have been spurious
1203 		 * due to a firewall reconfiguration cycle.  So we treat
1204 		 * it like a packet loss and let the retransmit timer and
1205 		 * timeouts do their work over time.
1206 		 * XXX: It is a POLA question whether calling tcp_drop right
1207 		 * away would be the really correct behavior instead.
1208 		 */
1209 		if (((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCEDATA) == 0 ||
1210 		    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST)) &&
1211 		    ((flags & TH_SYN) == 0) &&
1212 		    (error != EPERM)) {
1213 			if (sack_rxmit) {
1214 				p->rxmit -= len;
1215 				tp->sackhint.sack_bytes_rexmit -= len;
1216 				KASSERT(tp->sackhint.sack_bytes_rexmit >= 0,
1217 				    ("sackhint bytes rtx >= 0"));
1218 			} else
1219 				tp->snd_nxt -= len;
1220 		}
1221 out:
1222 		SOCKBUF_UNLOCK_ASSERT(&so->so_snd);	/* Check gotos. */
1223 		switch (error) {
1224 		case EPERM:
1225 			tp->t_softerror = error;
1226 			return (error);
1227 		case ENOBUFS:
1228 	                if (!tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT) &&
1229 			    !tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_PERSIST))
1230 	                        tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_REXMT, tp->t_rxtcur);
1231 			tp->snd_cwnd = tp->t_maxseg;
1232 			return (0);
1233 		case EMSGSIZE:
1234 			/*
1235 			 * For some reason the interface we used initially
1236 			 * to send segments changed to another or lowered
1237 			 * its MTU.
1238 			 *
1239 			 * tcp_mtudisc() will find out the new MTU and as
1240 			 * its last action, initiate retransmission, so it
1241 			 * is important to not do so here.
1242 			 *
1243 			 * If TSO was active we either got an interface
1244 			 * without TSO capabilits or TSO was turned off.
1245 			 * Disable it for this connection as too and
1246 			 * immediatly retry with MSS sized segments generated
1247 			 * by this function.
1248 			 */
1249 			if (tso)
1250 				tp->t_flags &= ~TF_TSO;
1251 			tcp_mtudisc(tp->t_inpcb, 0);
1252 			return (0);
1253 		case EHOSTDOWN:
1254 		case EHOSTUNREACH:
1255 		case ENETDOWN:
1256 		case ENETUNREACH:
1257 			if (TCPS_HAVERCVDSYN(tp->t_state)) {
1258 				tp->t_softerror = error;
1259 				return (0);
1260 			}
1261 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
1262 		default:
1263 			return (error);
1264 		}
1265 	}
1266 	TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sndtotal);
1267 
1268 	/*
1269 	 * Data sent (as far as we can tell).
1270 	 * If this advertises a larger window than any other segment,
1271 	 * then remember the size of the advertised window.
1272 	 * Any pending ACK has now been sent.
1273 	 */
1274 	if (recwin > 0 && SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_nxt + recwin, tp->rcv_adv))
1275 		tp->rcv_adv = tp->rcv_nxt + recwin;
1276 	tp->last_ack_sent = tp->rcv_nxt;
1277 	tp->t_flags &= ~(TF_ACKNOW | TF_DELACK);
1278 	if (tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_DELACK))
1279 		tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_DELACK, 0);
1280 #if 0
1281 	/*
1282 	 * This completely breaks TCP if newreno is turned on.  What happens
1283 	 * is that if delayed-acks are turned on on the receiver, this code
1284 	 * on the transmitter effectively destroys the TCP window, forcing
1285 	 * it to four packets (1.5Kx4 = 6K window).
1286 	 */
1287 	if (sendalot && (!V_tcp_do_newreno || --maxburst))
1288 		goto again;
1289 #endif
1290 	if (sendalot)
1291 		goto again;
1292 	return (0);
1293 }
1294 
1295 void
1296 tcp_setpersist(struct tcpcb *tp)
1297 {
1298 	int t = ((tp->t_srtt >> 2) + tp->t_rttvar) >> 1;
1299 	int tt;
1300 
1301 	if (tcp_timer_active(tp, TT_REXMT))
1302 		panic("tcp_setpersist: retransmit pending");
1303 	/*
1304 	 * Start/restart persistance timer.
1305 	 */
1306 	TCPT_RANGESET(tt, t * tcp_backoff[tp->t_rxtshift],
1307 		      TCPTV_PERSMIN, TCPTV_PERSMAX);
1308 	tcp_timer_activate(tp, TT_PERSIST, tt);
1309 	if (tp->t_rxtshift < TCP_MAXRXTSHIFT)
1310 		tp->t_rxtshift++;
1311 }
1312 
1313 /*
1314  * Insert TCP options according to the supplied parameters to the place
1315  * optp in a consistent way.  Can handle unaligned destinations.
1316  *
1317  * The order of the option processing is crucial for optimal packing and
1318  * alignment for the scarce option space.
1319  *
1320  * The optimal order for a SYN/SYN-ACK segment is:
1321  *   MSS (4) + NOP (1) + Window scale (3) + SACK permitted (2) +
1322  *   Timestamp (10) + Signature (18) = 38 bytes out of a maximum of 40.
1323  *
1324  * The SACK options should be last.  SACK blocks consume 8*n+2 bytes.
1325  * So a full size SACK blocks option is 34 bytes (with 4 SACK blocks).
1326  * At minimum we need 10 bytes (to generate 1 SACK block).  If both
1327  * TCP Timestamps (12 bytes) and TCP Signatures (18 bytes) are present,
1328  * we only have 10 bytes for SACK options (40 - (12 + 18)).
1329  */
1330 int
1331 tcp_addoptions(struct tcpopt *to, u_char *optp)
1332 {
1333 	u_int mask, optlen = 0;
1334 
1335 	for (mask = 1; mask < TOF_MAXOPT; mask <<= 1) {
1336 		if ((to->to_flags & mask) != mask)
1337 			continue;
1338 		if (optlen == TCP_MAXOLEN)
1339 			break;
1340 		switch (to->to_flags & mask) {
1341 		case TOF_MSS:
1342 			while (optlen % 4) {
1343 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1344 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1345 			}
1346 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_MAXSEG)
1347 				continue;
1348 			optlen += TCPOLEN_MAXSEG;
1349 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_MAXSEG;
1350 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_MAXSEG;
1351 			to->to_mss = htons(to->to_mss);
1352 			bcopy((u_char *)&to->to_mss, optp, sizeof(to->to_mss));
1353 			optp += sizeof(to->to_mss);
1354 			break;
1355 		case TOF_SCALE:
1356 			while (!optlen || optlen % 2 != 1) {
1357 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1358 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1359 			}
1360 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_WINDOW)
1361 				continue;
1362 			optlen += TCPOLEN_WINDOW;
1363 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_WINDOW;
1364 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_WINDOW;
1365 			*optp++ = to->to_wscale;
1366 			break;
1367 		case TOF_SACKPERM:
1368 			while (optlen % 2) {
1369 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1370 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1371 			}
1372 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED)
1373 				continue;
1374 			optlen += TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED;
1375 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_SACK_PERMITTED;
1376 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED;
1377 			break;
1378 		case TOF_TS:
1379 			while (!optlen || optlen % 4 != 2) {
1380 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1381 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1382 			}
1383 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP)
1384 				continue;
1385 			optlen += TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP;
1386 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_TIMESTAMP;
1387 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_TIMESTAMP;
1388 			to->to_tsval = htonl(to->to_tsval);
1389 			to->to_tsecr = htonl(to->to_tsecr);
1390 			bcopy((u_char *)&to->to_tsval, optp, sizeof(to->to_tsval));
1391 			optp += sizeof(to->to_tsval);
1392 			bcopy((u_char *)&to->to_tsecr, optp, sizeof(to->to_tsecr));
1393 			optp += sizeof(to->to_tsecr);
1394 			break;
1395 		case TOF_SIGNATURE:
1396 			{
1397 			int siglen = TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE - 2;
1398 
1399 			while (!optlen || optlen % 4 != 2) {
1400 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1401 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1402 			}
1403 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE)
1404 				continue;
1405 			optlen += TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE;
1406 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_SIGNATURE;
1407 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_SIGNATURE;
1408 			to->to_signature = optp;
1409 			while (siglen--)
1410 				 *optp++ = 0;
1411 			break;
1412 			}
1413 		case TOF_SACK:
1414 			{
1415 			int sackblks = 0;
1416 			struct sackblk *sack = (struct sackblk *)to->to_sacks;
1417 			tcp_seq sack_seq;
1418 
1419 			while (!optlen || optlen % 4 != 2) {
1420 				optlen += TCPOLEN_NOP;
1421 				*optp++ = TCPOPT_NOP;
1422 			}
1423 			if (TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen < TCPOLEN_SACKHDR + TCPOLEN_SACK)
1424 				continue;
1425 			optlen += TCPOLEN_SACKHDR;
1426 			*optp++ = TCPOPT_SACK;
1427 			sackblks = min(to->to_nsacks,
1428 					(TCP_MAXOLEN - optlen) / TCPOLEN_SACK);
1429 			*optp++ = TCPOLEN_SACKHDR + sackblks * TCPOLEN_SACK;
1430 			while (sackblks--) {
1431 				sack_seq = htonl(sack->start);
1432 				bcopy((u_char *)&sack_seq, optp, sizeof(sack_seq));
1433 				optp += sizeof(sack_seq);
1434 				sack_seq = htonl(sack->end);
1435 				bcopy((u_char *)&sack_seq, optp, sizeof(sack_seq));
1436 				optp += sizeof(sack_seq);
1437 				optlen += TCPOLEN_SACK;
1438 				sack++;
1439 			}
1440 			TCPSTAT_INC(tcps_sack_send_blocks);
1441 			break;
1442 			}
1443 		default:
1444 			panic("%s: unknown TCP option type", __func__);
1445 			break;
1446 		}
1447 	}
1448 
1449 	/* Terminate and pad TCP options to a 4 byte boundary. */
1450 	if (optlen % 4) {
1451 		optlen += TCPOLEN_EOL;
1452 		*optp++ = TCPOPT_EOL;
1453 	}
1454 	/*
1455 	 * According to RFC 793 (STD0007):
1456 	 *   "The content of the header beyond the End-of-Option option
1457 	 *    must be header padding (i.e., zero)."
1458 	 *   and later: "The padding is composed of zeros."
1459 	 */
1460 	while (optlen % 4) {
1461 		optlen += TCPOLEN_PAD;
1462 		*optp++ = TCPOPT_PAD;
1463 	}
1464 
1465 	KASSERT(optlen <= TCP_MAXOLEN, ("%s: TCP options too long", __func__));
1466 	return (optlen);
1467 }
1468