xref: /freebsd/sys/sys/malloc.h (revision 148a8da8)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1987, 1993
5  *	The Regents of the University of California.
6  * Copyright (c) 2005, 2009 Robert N. M. Watson
7  * All rights reserved.
8  *
9  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11  * are met:
12  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19  *    without specific prior written permission.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  *
33  *	@(#)malloc.h	8.5 (Berkeley) 5/3/95
34  * $FreeBSD$
35  */
36 
37 #ifndef _SYS_MALLOC_H_
38 #define	_SYS_MALLOC_H_
39 
40 #include <sys/param.h>
41 #ifdef _KERNEL
42 #include <sys/systm.h>
43 #endif
44 #include <sys/queue.h>
45 #include <sys/_lock.h>
46 #include <sys/_mutex.h>
47 #include <machine/_limits.h>
48 
49 #define	MINALLOCSIZE	UMA_SMALLEST_UNIT
50 
51 /*
52  * Flags to memory allocation functions.
53  */
54 #define	M_NOWAIT	0x0001		/* do not block */
55 #define	M_WAITOK	0x0002		/* ok to block */
56 #define	M_ZERO		0x0100		/* bzero the allocation */
57 #define	M_NOVM		0x0200		/* don't ask VM for pages */
58 #define	M_USE_RESERVE	0x0400		/* can alloc out of reserve memory */
59 #define	M_NODUMP	0x0800		/* don't dump pages in this allocation */
60 #define	M_FIRSTFIT	0x1000		/* Only for vmem, fast fit. */
61 #define	M_BESTFIT	0x2000		/* Only for vmem, low fragmentation. */
62 #define	M_EXEC		0x4000		/* allocate executable space. */
63 
64 #define	M_MAGIC		877983977	/* time when first defined :-) */
65 
66 /*
67  * Two malloc type structures are present: malloc_type, which is used by a
68  * type owner to declare the type, and malloc_type_internal, which holds
69  * malloc-owned statistics and other ABI-sensitive fields, such as the set of
70  * malloc statistics indexed by the compile-time MAXCPU constant.
71  * Applications should avoid introducing dependence on the allocator private
72  * data layout and size.
73  *
74  * The malloc_type ks_next field is protected by malloc_mtx.  Other fields in
75  * malloc_type are static after initialization so unsynchronized.
76  *
77  * Statistics in malloc_type_stats are written only when holding a critical
78  * section and running on the CPU associated with the index into the stat
79  * array, but read lock-free resulting in possible (minor) races, which the
80  * monitoring app should take into account.
81  */
82 struct malloc_type_stats {
83 	uint64_t	mts_memalloced;	/* Bytes allocated on CPU. */
84 	uint64_t	mts_memfreed;	/* Bytes freed on CPU. */
85 	uint64_t	mts_numallocs;	/* Number of allocates on CPU. */
86 	uint64_t	mts_numfrees;	/* number of frees on CPU. */
87 	uint64_t	mts_size;	/* Bitmask of sizes allocated on CPU. */
88 	uint64_t	_mts_reserved1;	/* Reserved field. */
89 	uint64_t	_mts_reserved2;	/* Reserved field. */
90 	uint64_t	_mts_reserved3;	/* Reserved field. */
91 };
92 
93 /*
94  * Index definitions for the mti_probes[] array.
95  */
96 #define DTMALLOC_PROBE_MALLOC		0
97 #define DTMALLOC_PROBE_FREE		1
98 #define DTMALLOC_PROBE_MAX		2
99 
100 struct malloc_type_internal {
101 	uint32_t	mti_probes[DTMALLOC_PROBE_MAX];
102 					/* DTrace probe ID array. */
103 	u_char		mti_zone;
104 	struct malloc_type_stats	*mti_stats;
105 };
106 
107 /*
108  * Public data structure describing a malloc type.  Private data is hung off
109  * of ks_handle to avoid encoding internal malloc(9) data structures in
110  * modules, which will statically allocate struct malloc_type.
111  */
112 struct malloc_type {
113 	struct malloc_type *ks_next;	/* Next in global chain. */
114 	u_long		 ks_magic;	/* Detect programmer error. */
115 	const char	*ks_shortdesc;	/* Printable type name. */
116 	void		*ks_handle;	/* Priv. data, was lo_class. */
117 };
118 
119 /*
120  * Statistics structure headers for user space.  The kern.malloc sysctl
121  * exposes a structure stream consisting of a stream header, then a series of
122  * malloc type headers and statistics structures (quantity maxcpus).  For
123  * convenience, the kernel will provide the current value of maxcpus at the
124  * head of the stream.
125  */
126 #define	MALLOC_TYPE_STREAM_VERSION	0x00000001
127 struct malloc_type_stream_header {
128 	uint32_t	mtsh_version;	/* Stream format version. */
129 	uint32_t	mtsh_maxcpus;	/* Value of MAXCPU for stream. */
130 	uint32_t	mtsh_count;	/* Number of records. */
131 	uint32_t	_mtsh_pad;	/* Pad/reserved field. */
132 };
133 
134 #define	MALLOC_MAX_NAME	32
135 struct malloc_type_header {
136 	char				mth_name[MALLOC_MAX_NAME];
137 };
138 
139 #ifdef _KERNEL
140 #define	MALLOC_DEFINE(type, shortdesc, longdesc)			\
141 	struct malloc_type type[1] = {					\
142 		{ NULL, M_MAGIC, shortdesc, NULL }			\
143 	};								\
144 	SYSINIT(type##_init, SI_SUB_KMEM, SI_ORDER_THIRD, malloc_init,	\
145 	    type);							\
146 	SYSUNINIT(type##_uninit, SI_SUB_KMEM, SI_ORDER_ANY,		\
147 	    malloc_uninit, type)
148 
149 #define	MALLOC_DECLARE(type) \
150 	extern struct malloc_type type[1]
151 
152 MALLOC_DECLARE(M_CACHE);
153 MALLOC_DECLARE(M_DEVBUF);
154 MALLOC_DECLARE(M_TEMP);
155 
156 /*
157  * XXX this should be declared in <sys/uio.h>, but that tends to fail
158  * because <sys/uio.h> is included in a header before the source file
159  * has a chance to include <sys/malloc.h> to get MALLOC_DECLARE() defined.
160  */
161 MALLOC_DECLARE(M_IOV);
162 
163 struct domainset;
164 extern struct mtx malloc_mtx;
165 
166 /*
167  * Function type used when iterating over the list of malloc types.
168  */
169 typedef void malloc_type_list_func_t(struct malloc_type *, void *);
170 
171 void	contigfree(void *addr, unsigned long size, struct malloc_type *type);
172 void	*contigmalloc(unsigned long size, struct malloc_type *type, int flags,
173 	    vm_paddr_t low, vm_paddr_t high, unsigned long alignment,
174 	    vm_paddr_t boundary) __malloc_like __result_use_check
175 	    __alloc_size(1) __alloc_align(6);
176 void	*contigmalloc_domainset(unsigned long size, struct malloc_type *type,
177 	    struct domainset *ds, int flags, vm_paddr_t low, vm_paddr_t high,
178 	    unsigned long alignment, vm_paddr_t boundary)
179 	    __malloc_like __result_use_check __alloc_size(1) __alloc_align(6);
180 void	free(void *addr, struct malloc_type *type);
181 void	free_domain(void *addr, struct malloc_type *type);
182 void	*malloc(size_t size, struct malloc_type *type, int flags) __malloc_like
183 	    __result_use_check __alloc_size(1);
184 /*
185  * Try to optimize malloc(..., ..., M_ZERO) allocations by doing zeroing in
186  * place if the size is known at compilation time.
187  *
188  * Passing the flag down requires malloc to blindly zero the entire object.
189  * In practice a lot of the zeroing can be avoided if most of the object
190  * gets explicitly initialized after the allocation. Letting the compiler
191  * zero in place gives it the opportunity to take advantage of this state.
192  *
193  * Note that the operation is only applicable if both flags and size are
194  * known at compilation time. If M_ZERO is passed but M_WAITOK is not, the
195  * allocation can fail and a NULL check is needed. However, if M_WAITOK is
196  * passed we know the allocation must succeed and the check can be elided.
197  *
198  *	_malloc_item = malloc(_size, type, (flags) &~ M_ZERO);
199  *	if (((flags) & M_WAITOK) != 0 || _malloc_item != NULL)
200  *		bzero(_malloc_item, _size);
201  *
202  * If the flag is set, the compiler knows the left side is always true,
203  * therefore the entire statement is true and the callsite is:
204  *
205  *	_malloc_item = malloc(_size, type, (flags) &~ M_ZERO);
206  *	bzero(_malloc_item, _size);
207  *
208  * If the flag is not set, the compiler knows the left size is always false
209  * and the NULL check is needed, therefore the callsite is:
210  *
211  * 	_malloc_item = malloc(_size, type, (flags) &~ M_ZERO);
212  *	if (_malloc_item != NULL)
213  *		bzero(_malloc_item, _size);
214  *
215  * The implementation is a macro because of what appears to be a clang 6 bug:
216  * an inline function variant ended up being compiled to a mere malloc call
217  * regardless of argument. gcc generates expected code (like the above).
218  */
219 #define	malloc(size, type, flags) ({					\
220 	void *_malloc_item;						\
221 	size_t _size = (size);						\
222 	if (__builtin_constant_p(size) && __builtin_constant_p(flags) &&\
223 	    ((flags) & M_ZERO) != 0) {					\
224 		_malloc_item = malloc(_size, type, (flags) &~ M_ZERO);	\
225 		if (((flags) & M_WAITOK) != 0 ||			\
226 		    __predict_true(_malloc_item != NULL))		\
227 			bzero(_malloc_item, _size);			\
228 	} else {							\
229 		_malloc_item = malloc(_size, type, flags);		\
230 	}								\
231 	_malloc_item;							\
232 })
233 
234 void	*malloc_domainset(size_t size, struct malloc_type *type,
235 	    struct domainset *ds, int flags) __malloc_like __result_use_check
236 	    __alloc_size(1);
237 void	*mallocarray(size_t nmemb, size_t size, struct malloc_type *type,
238 	    int flags) __malloc_like __result_use_check
239 	    __alloc_size2(1, 2);
240 void	malloc_init(void *);
241 int	malloc_last_fail(void);
242 void	malloc_type_allocated(struct malloc_type *type, unsigned long size);
243 void	malloc_type_freed(struct malloc_type *type, unsigned long size);
244 void	malloc_type_list(malloc_type_list_func_t *, void *);
245 void	malloc_uninit(void *);
246 void	*realloc(void *addr, size_t size, struct malloc_type *type, int flags)
247 	    __result_use_check __alloc_size(2);
248 void	*reallocf(void *addr, size_t size, struct malloc_type *type, int flags)
249 	    __result_use_check __alloc_size(2);
250 
251 struct malloc_type *malloc_desc2type(const char *desc);
252 
253 /*
254  * This is sqrt(SIZE_MAX+1), as s1*s2 <= SIZE_MAX
255  * if both s1 < MUL_NO_OVERFLOW and s2 < MUL_NO_OVERFLOW
256  */
257 #define MUL_NO_OVERFLOW		(1UL << (sizeof(size_t) * 8 / 2))
258 static inline bool
259 WOULD_OVERFLOW(size_t nmemb, size_t size)
260 {
261 
262 	return ((nmemb >= MUL_NO_OVERFLOW || size >= MUL_NO_OVERFLOW) &&
263 	    nmemb > 0 && __SIZE_T_MAX / nmemb < size);
264 }
265 #undef MUL_NO_OVERFLOW
266 #endif /* _KERNEL */
267 
268 #endif /* !_SYS_MALLOC_H_ */
269