1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)login.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 5/5/94 33.\" $FreeBSD$ 34.\" 35.Dd September 13, 2006 36.Dt LOGIN 1 37.Os 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm login 40.Nd log into the computer 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42.Nm 43.Op Fl fp 44.Op Fl h Ar hostname 45.Op Ar user 46.Sh DESCRIPTION 47The 48.Nm 49utility logs users (and pseudo-users) into the computer system. 50.Pp 51If no user is specified, or if a user is specified and authentication 52of the user fails, 53.Nm 54prompts for a user name. 55Authentication of users is configurable via 56.Xr pam 8 . 57Password authentication is the default. 58.Pp 59The following options are available: 60.Bl -tag -width indent 61.It Fl f 62When a user name is specified, this option indicates that proper 63authentication has already been done and that no password need be 64requested. 65This option may only be used by the super-user or when an already 66logged in user is logging in as themselves. 67.It Fl h 68Specify the host from which the connection was received. 69It is used by various daemons such as 70.Xr telnetd 8 . 71This option may only be used by the super-user. 72.It Fl p 73By default, 74.Nm 75discards any previous environment. 76The 77.Fl p 78option disables this behavior. 79.El 80.Pp 81Login access can be controlled via 82.Xr login.access 5 83or the login class in 84.Xr login.conf 5 , 85which provides 86allow and deny records based on time, tty and remote host name. 87.Pp 88If the file 89.Pa /etc/fbtab 90exists, 91.Nm 92changes the protection and ownership of certain devices specified in this 93file. 94.Pp 95Immediately after logging a user in, 96.Nm 97displays the system copyright notice, the date and time the user last 98logged in, the message of the day as well as other information. 99If the file 100.Pa .hushlogin 101exists in the user's home directory, all of these messages are suppressed. 102This is to simplify logins for non-human users, such as 103.Xr uucp 1 . 104.Pp 105The 106.Nm 107utility enters information into the environment (see 108.Xr environ 7 ) 109specifying the user's home directory (HOME), command interpreter (SHELL), 110search path (PATH), terminal type (TERM) and user name (both LOGNAME and 111USER). 112Other environment variables may be set due to entries in the login 113class capabilities database, for the login class assigned in the 114user's system passwd record. 115The login class also controls the maximum and current process resource 116limits granted to a login, process priorities and many other aspects of 117a user's login environment. 118.Pp 119Some shells may provide a builtin 120.Nm 121command which is similar or identical to this utility. 122Consult the 123.Xr builtin 1 124manual page. 125.Pp 126The 127.Nm 128utility will submit an audit record when login succeeds or fails. 129Failure to determine the current auditing state will 130result in an error exit from 131.Nm . 132.Sh FILES 133.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /etc/security/audit_control" -compact 134.It Pa /etc/fbtab 135changes device protections 136.It Pa /etc/login.conf 137login class capabilities database 138.It Pa /etc/motd 139message-of-the-day 140.It Pa /var/mail/user 141system mailboxes 142.It Pa \&.hushlogin 143makes login quieter 144.It Pa /etc/auth.conf 145configure authentication services 146.It Pa /etc/pam.d/login 147.Xr pam 8 148configuration file 149.It Pa /etc/security/audit_user 150user flags for auditing 151.It Pa /etc/security/audit_control 152global flags for auditing 153.El 154.Sh SEE ALSO 155.Xr builtin 1 , 156.Xr chpass 1 , 157.Xr csh 1 , 158.Xr newgrp 1 , 159.Xr passwd 1 , 160.Xr rlogin 1 , 161.Xr getpass 3 , 162.Xr fbtab 5 , 163.Xr login.access 5 , 164.Xr login.conf 5 , 165.Xr environ 7 166.Sh HISTORY 167A 168.Nm 169utility appeared in 170.At v6 . 171