1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 13.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 14.\" without specific prior written permission. 15.\" 16.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 17.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 19.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 20.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 21.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 22.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 23.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 24.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 25.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 26.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.\" @(#)login.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 5/5/94 29.\" $FreeBSD$ 30.\" 31.Dd September 13, 2006 32.Dt LOGIN 1 33.Os 34.Sh NAME 35.Nm login 36.Nd log into the computer 37.Sh SYNOPSIS 38.Nm 39.Op Fl fp 40.Op Fl h Ar hostname 41.Op Ar user 42.Sh DESCRIPTION 43The 44.Nm 45utility logs users (and pseudo-users) into the computer system. 46.Pp 47If no user is specified, or if a user is specified and authentication 48of the user fails, 49.Nm 50prompts for a user name. 51Authentication of users is configurable via 52.Xr pam 8 . 53Password authentication is the default. 54.Pp 55The following options are available: 56.Bl -tag -width indent 57.It Fl f 58When a user name is specified, this option indicates that proper 59authentication has already been done and that no password need be 60requested. 61This option may only be used by the super-user or when an already 62logged in user is logging in as themselves. 63.It Fl h 64Specify the host from which the connection was received. 65It is used by various daemons such as 66.Xr telnetd 8 . 67This option may only be used by the super-user. 68.It Fl p 69By default, 70.Nm 71discards any previous environment. 72The 73.Fl p 74option disables this behavior. 75.El 76.Pp 77Login access can be controlled via 78.Xr login.access 5 79or the login class in 80.Xr login.conf 5 , 81which provides 82allow and deny records based on time, tty and remote host name. 83.Pp 84If the file 85.Pa /etc/fbtab 86exists, 87.Nm 88changes the protection and ownership of certain devices specified in this 89file. 90.Pp 91Immediately after logging a user in, 92.Nm 93displays the system copyright notice, the date and time the user last 94logged in, the message of the day as well as other information. 95If the file 96.Pa .hushlogin 97exists in the user's home directory, all of these messages are suppressed. 98This is to simplify logins for non-human users, such as 99.Xr uucp 1 . 100.Pp 101The 102.Nm 103utility enters information into the environment (see 104.Xr environ 7 ) 105specifying the user's home directory (HOME), command interpreter (SHELL), 106search path (PATH), terminal type (TERM) and user name (both LOGNAME and 107USER). 108Other environment variables may be set due to entries in the login 109class capabilities database, for the login class assigned in the 110user's system passwd record. 111The login class also controls the maximum and current process resource 112limits granted to a login, process priorities and many other aspects of 113a user's login environment. 114.Pp 115Some shells may provide a builtin 116.Nm 117command which is similar or identical to this utility. 118Consult the 119.Xr builtin 1 120manual page. 121.Pp 122The 123.Nm 124utility will submit an audit record when login succeeds or fails. 125Failure to determine the current auditing state will 126result in an error exit from 127.Nm . 128.Sh FILES 129.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /etc/security/audit_control" -compact 130.It Pa /etc/fbtab 131changes device protections 132.It Pa /etc/login.conf 133login class capabilities database 134.It Pa /etc/motd 135message-of-the-day 136.It Pa /var/mail/user 137system mailboxes 138.It Pa \&.hushlogin 139makes login quieter 140.It Pa /etc/auth.conf 141configure authentication services 142.It Pa /etc/pam.d/login 143.Xr pam 8 144configuration file 145.It Pa /etc/security/audit_user 146user flags for auditing 147.It Pa /etc/security/audit_control 148global flags for auditing 149.El 150.Sh SEE ALSO 151.Xr builtin 1 , 152.Xr chpass 1 , 153.Xr csh 1 , 154.Xr newgrp 1 , 155.Xr passwd 1 , 156.Xr rlogin 1 , 157.Xr getpass 3 , 158.Xr fbtab 5 , 159.Xr login.access 5 , 160.Xr login.conf 5 , 161.Xr environ 7 162.Sh HISTORY 163A 164.Nm 165utility appeared in 166.At v6 . 167