1.\" Copyright (c) 2000 Alexey Zelkin. All rights reserved. 2.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1991, 1993 3.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7.\" are met: 8.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 12.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 13.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 14.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 15.\" without specific prior written permission. 16.\" 17.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 18.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 19.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 20.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 21.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 22.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 23.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 24.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 25.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 26.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 27.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 28.\" 29.\" @(#)bcd.6 8.1 (Berkeley) 5/31/93 30.\" $FreeBSD$ 31.\" 32.Dd April 16, 2023 33.Dt MORSE 6 34.Os 35.Sh NAME 36.Nm morse 37.Nd reformat input as morse code 38.Sh SYNOPSIS 39.Nm 40.Op Fl elrps 41.Op Fl d Ar device 42.Op Fl w Ar speed 43.Op Fl c Ar speed 44.Op Fl f Ar frequency 45.Op Ar string ... 46.Sh DESCRIPTION 47The 48.Nm 49command reads the given input and reformats it in the form of morse code. 50Acceptable input are command line arguments or the standard input. 51.Pp 52Available options: 53.Bl -tag -width indent 54.It Fl l 55The 56.Fl l 57option produces output suitable for 58.Xr led 4 59devices. 60.It Fl s 61The 62.Fl s 63option produces dots and dashes rather than words. 64.It Fl p 65Send morse the real way. 66This only works if your system has 67.Xr speaker 4 68support. 69.It Fl w Ar speed 70Set the sending speed in words per minute. 71If not specified, the default 72speed of 20 WPM is used. 73.It Fl c Ar speed 74Farnsworth support. 75Set the spacing between characters in words per minute. 76This is independent of the speed 77that the individual characters are sent. 78If not specified, defaults to the effective value of the 79.Fl w 80option. 81.It Fl f Ar frequency 82Set the sidetone frequency to something other than the default 600 Hz. 83.It Fl d Ar device 84Similar to 85.Fl p , 86but use the RTS line of 87.Ar device 88(which must be a TTY device) 89in order to emit the morse code. 90.It Fl e 91Echo each character before it is sent, used together with either 92.Fl p 93or 94.Fl d . 95.It Fl r 96Decode morse output consisting of dots and dashes (as generated by using 97the 98.Fl s 99option). 100.El 101.Pp 102The 103.Fl w , c 104and 105.Fl f 106flags only work in conjunction with either the 107.Fl p 108or the 109.Fl d 110flag. 111.Pp 112Not all prosigns have corresponding characters. 113Use 114.Ql # 115for 116.Em AS , 117.Ql & 118for 119.Em SK , 120.Ql * 121for 122.Em VE 123and 124.Ql % 125for 126.Em BK . 127The more common prosigns are 128.Ql = 129for 130.Em BT , 131.Ql \&( 132for 133.Em KN 134and 135.Ql + 136for 137.Em AR . 138.Pp 139Using the 140.Fl d 141flag, 142it is possible to key an external device, like a sidetone generator with 143a headset for training purposes, or even your ham radio transceiver. 144For 145the latter, simply connect an NPN transistor to the serial port 146.Ar device , 147emitter connected to ground, base connected through a resistor 148(few kiloohms) to RTS, collector to the key line of your transceiver 149(assuming the transceiver has a positive key supply voltage and is keyed 150by grounding the key input line). 151A capacitor (some nanofarads) between 152base and ground is advisable to keep stray RF away, 153and to suppress the 154minor glitch that is generated during program startup. 155.Sh ENVIRONMENT 156Your 157.Ev LC_CTYPE 158locale codeset determines how 159characters with the high-order bit set 160are interpreted. 161.Pp 162.Bl -tag -width ".Li ISO8859-15" -compact 163.It Li ISO8859-1 164.It Li ISO8859-15 165Interpret characters with the high-order bit set as Western European characters. 166.Pp 167.It Li KOI8-R 168Interpret characters with the high-order bit set as Cyrillic characters. 169.Pp 170.It Li ISO8859-7 171Interpret characters with the high-order bit set as Greek characters. 172.El 173.Sh FILES 174.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /dev/speaker" -compact 175.It Pa /dev/speaker 176.Xr speaker 4 177device file 178.El 179.Sh SEE ALSO 180.Xr speaker 4 181.Rs 182.%I ITU-T Recommendation F.1 183.%R "Operational provisions for the international public telegram service" 184.%O Division B, I. Morse code 185.Re 186.Rs 187.%I ITU-R M.1677-1 188.%R International Morse code 189.%D 2009 190.%U https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-M.1677-1-200910-I/ 191.Re 192.Sh HISTORY 193Sound support for 194.Nm 195added by 196.An Lyndon Nerenberg (VE6BBM) Aq Mt lyndon@orthanc.ca . 197.Pp 198Ability to key an external device added by 199.An J\(:org Wunsch 200(DL8DTL). 201.Pp 202Farnsworth support for 203.Nm 204added by 205.An Stephen Cravey (N5UUU) . 206.Sh BUGS 207Only understands a few European characters 208(German and French), 209no Asian characters, 210and no continental landline code. 211.Pp 212Sends a bit slower than it should due to system overhead. 213Some people would call this a feature. 214