man/man1/print.1

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 PRINT 1 "December 28, 2020"
 NAME
print - shell built-in function to output characters to the screen or window
 SYNOPSIS
 "ksh"
print [-Rnprsu [n]] [arg]...


 "ksh93"
print [-Renprs] [-f format] [-u fd] [string...]


 DESCRIPTION
 "ksh"
The shell output mechanism. When no options are specified, or when an option
followed by ' a - is specified, or when just - is
specified, the arguments are printed on standard output as described by
echo(1).
 "ksh93"
By default, print writes each string operand to standard output and
appends a NEWLINE character.

Unless, the -r, -R, or -f option is specified, each \e
character in each string operand is processed specially as follows:
\ea

Alert character.


\eb

Backspace character.


\ec

Terminate output without appending NEWLINE. The remaining string operands are
ignored.


\eE

Escape character (ASCII octal 033).


\ef

FORM FEED character.


\en

NEWLINE character.


\et

Tab character.


\ev

Vertical tab character.


\e\e

Backslash character.


\e0x

The 8-bit character whose ASCII code is the 1-, 2-, or
3-digit octal number x.


 OPTIONS
 "ksh"
The following options are supported by ksh:
-n

Suppresses new-line from being added to the output.


-r-R

Raw mode. Ignore the escape conventions of echo. The -R option
prints all subsequent arguments and options other than -n.


-p

Cause the arguments to be written onto the pipe of the process spawned with
|& instead of standard output.


-s

Cause the arguments to be written onto the history file instead of standard
output.


-u [ n ]

Specify a one digit file descriptor unit number n on which the output is
placed. The default is 1.


 "ksh93"
The following options are supported by ksh93:
-e

Unless -f is specified, process \e sequences in each string operand
as described above. This is the default behavior.
If both -e and -r are specified, the last one specified is the one
that is used.


-f format

Write the string arguments using the format string format and do not
append a NEWLINE. See printf(1) for details on how to specify format.
When the -f option is specified and there are more string operands than
format specifiers, the format string is reprocessed from the beginning. If
there are fewer string operands than format specifiers, then outputting ends at
the first unneeded format specifier.


-n

Do not append a NEWLINE character to the output.


-p

Write to the current co-process instead of standard output.


-r

-R

Do not process \e sequences in each string operand as described above.
If both -e and -r are specified, the last one specified is the one
that is used.


-s

Write the output as an entry in the shell history file instead of standard
output.


-u fd

Write to file descriptor number fd instead of standard output. The
default value is 1.


 EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
0

Successful completion.


>0

Output file is not open for writing.


 SEE ALSO
echo(1), ksh(1), ksh93(1), printf(1),
attributes(5)