xref: /linux/kernel/rcu/rcu_segcblist.c (revision d642ef71)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
2 /*
3  * RCU segmented callback lists, function definitions
4  *
5  * Copyright IBM Corporation, 2017
6  *
7  * Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
8  */
9 
10 #include <linux/cpu.h>
11 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
12 #include <linux/kernel.h>
13 #include <linux/types.h>
14 
15 #include "rcu_segcblist.h"
16 
17 /* Initialize simple callback list. */
18 void rcu_cblist_init(struct rcu_cblist *rclp)
19 {
20 	rclp->head = NULL;
21 	rclp->tail = &rclp->head;
22 	rclp->len = 0;
23 }
24 
25 /*
26  * Enqueue an rcu_head structure onto the specified callback list.
27  */
28 void rcu_cblist_enqueue(struct rcu_cblist *rclp, struct rcu_head *rhp)
29 {
30 	*rclp->tail = rhp;
31 	rclp->tail = &rhp->next;
32 	WRITE_ONCE(rclp->len, rclp->len + 1);
33 }
34 
35 /*
36  * Flush the second rcu_cblist structure onto the first one, obliterating
37  * any contents of the first.  If rhp is non-NULL, enqueue it as the sole
38  * element of the second rcu_cblist structure, but ensuring that the second
39  * rcu_cblist structure, if initially non-empty, always appears non-empty
40  * throughout the process.  If rdp is NULL, the second rcu_cblist structure
41  * is instead initialized to empty.
42  */
43 void rcu_cblist_flush_enqueue(struct rcu_cblist *drclp,
44 			      struct rcu_cblist *srclp,
45 			      struct rcu_head *rhp)
46 {
47 	drclp->head = srclp->head;
48 	if (drclp->head)
49 		drclp->tail = srclp->tail;
50 	else
51 		drclp->tail = &drclp->head;
52 	drclp->len = srclp->len;
53 	if (!rhp) {
54 		rcu_cblist_init(srclp);
55 	} else {
56 		rhp->next = NULL;
57 		srclp->head = rhp;
58 		srclp->tail = &rhp->next;
59 		WRITE_ONCE(srclp->len, 1);
60 	}
61 }
62 
63 /*
64  * Dequeue the oldest rcu_head structure from the specified callback
65  * list.
66  */
67 struct rcu_head *rcu_cblist_dequeue(struct rcu_cblist *rclp)
68 {
69 	struct rcu_head *rhp;
70 
71 	rhp = rclp->head;
72 	if (!rhp)
73 		return NULL;
74 	rclp->len--;
75 	rclp->head = rhp->next;
76 	if (!rclp->head)
77 		rclp->tail = &rclp->head;
78 	return rhp;
79 }
80 
81 /* Set the length of an rcu_segcblist structure. */
82 static void rcu_segcblist_set_len(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, long v)
83 {
84 #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU
85 	atomic_long_set(&rsclp->len, v);
86 #else
87 	WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->len, v);
88 #endif
89 }
90 
91 /* Get the length of a segment of the rcu_segcblist structure. */
92 long rcu_segcblist_get_seglen(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, int seg)
93 {
94 	return READ_ONCE(rsclp->seglen[seg]);
95 }
96 
97 /* Return number of callbacks in segmented callback list by summing seglen. */
98 long rcu_segcblist_n_segment_cbs(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp)
99 {
100 	long len = 0;
101 	int i;
102 
103 	for (i = RCU_DONE_TAIL; i < RCU_CBLIST_NSEGS; i++)
104 		len += rcu_segcblist_get_seglen(rsclp, i);
105 
106 	return len;
107 }
108 
109 /* Set the length of a segment of the rcu_segcblist structure. */
110 static void rcu_segcblist_set_seglen(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, int seg, long v)
111 {
112 	WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->seglen[seg], v);
113 }
114 
115 /* Increase the numeric length of a segment by a specified amount. */
116 static void rcu_segcblist_add_seglen(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, int seg, long v)
117 {
118 	WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->seglen[seg], rsclp->seglen[seg] + v);
119 }
120 
121 /* Move from's segment length to to's segment. */
122 static void rcu_segcblist_move_seglen(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, int from, int to)
123 {
124 	long len;
125 
126 	if (from == to)
127 		return;
128 
129 	len = rcu_segcblist_get_seglen(rsclp, from);
130 	if (!len)
131 		return;
132 
133 	rcu_segcblist_add_seglen(rsclp, to, len);
134 	rcu_segcblist_set_seglen(rsclp, from, 0);
135 }
136 
137 /* Increment segment's length. */
138 static void rcu_segcblist_inc_seglen(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, int seg)
139 {
140 	rcu_segcblist_add_seglen(rsclp, seg, 1);
141 }
142 
143 /*
144  * Increase the numeric length of an rcu_segcblist structure by the
145  * specified amount, which can be negative.  This can cause the ->len
146  * field to disagree with the actual number of callbacks on the structure.
147  * This increase is fully ordered with respect to the callers accesses
148  * both before and after.
149  *
150  * So why on earth is a memory barrier required both before and after
151  * the update to the ->len field???
152  *
153  * The reason is that rcu_barrier() locklessly samples each CPU's ->len
154  * field, and if a given CPU's field is zero, avoids IPIing that CPU.
155  * This can of course race with both queuing and invoking of callbacks.
156  * Failing to correctly handle either of these races could result in
157  * rcu_barrier() failing to IPI a CPU that actually had callbacks queued
158  * which rcu_barrier() was obligated to wait on.  And if rcu_barrier()
159  * failed to wait on such a callback, unloading certain kernel modules
160  * would result in calls to functions whose code was no longer present in
161  * the kernel, for but one example.
162  *
163  * Therefore, ->len transitions from 1->0 and 0->1 have to be carefully
164  * ordered with respect with both list modifications and the rcu_barrier().
165  *
166  * The queuing case is CASE 1 and the invoking case is CASE 2.
167  *
168  * CASE 1: Suppose that CPU 0 has no callbacks queued, but invokes
169  * call_rcu() just as CPU 1 invokes rcu_barrier().  CPU 0's ->len field
170  * will transition from 0->1, which is one of the transitions that must
171  * be handled carefully.  Without the full memory barriers after the ->len
172  * update and at the beginning of rcu_barrier(), the following could happen:
173  *
174  * CPU 0				CPU 1
175  *
176  * call_rcu().
177  *					rcu_barrier() sees ->len as 0.
178  * set ->len = 1.
179  *					rcu_barrier() does nothing.
180  *					module is unloaded.
181  * callback invokes unloaded function!
182  *
183  * With the full barriers, any case where rcu_barrier() sees ->len as 0 will
184  * have unambiguously preceded the return from the racing call_rcu(), which
185  * means that this call_rcu() invocation is OK to not wait on.  After all,
186  * you are supposed to make sure that any problematic call_rcu() invocations
187  * happen before the rcu_barrier().
188  *
189  *
190  * CASE 2: Suppose that CPU 0 is invoking its last callback just as
191  * CPU 1 invokes rcu_barrier().  CPU 0's ->len field will transition from
192  * 1->0, which is one of the transitions that must be handled carefully.
193  * Without the full memory barriers before the ->len update and at the
194  * end of rcu_barrier(), the following could happen:
195  *
196  * CPU 0				CPU 1
197  *
198  * start invoking last callback
199  * set ->len = 0 (reordered)
200  *					rcu_barrier() sees ->len as 0
201  *					rcu_barrier() does nothing.
202  *					module is unloaded
203  * callback executing after unloaded!
204  *
205  * With the full barriers, any case where rcu_barrier() sees ->len as 0
206  * will be fully ordered after the completion of the callback function,
207  * so that the module unloading operation is completely safe.
208  *
209  */
210 void rcu_segcblist_add_len(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, long v)
211 {
212 #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU
213 	smp_mb__before_atomic(); // Read header comment above.
214 	atomic_long_add(v, &rsclp->len);
215 	smp_mb__after_atomic();  // Read header comment above.
216 #else
217 	smp_mb(); // Read header comment above.
218 	WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->len, rsclp->len + v);
219 	smp_mb(); // Read header comment above.
220 #endif
221 }
222 
223 /*
224  * Increase the numeric length of an rcu_segcblist structure by one.
225  * This can cause the ->len field to disagree with the actual number of
226  * callbacks on the structure.  This increase is fully ordered with respect
227  * to the callers accesses both before and after.
228  */
229 void rcu_segcblist_inc_len(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp)
230 {
231 	rcu_segcblist_add_len(rsclp, 1);
232 }
233 
234 /*
235  * Initialize an rcu_segcblist structure.
236  */
237 void rcu_segcblist_init(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp)
238 {
239 	int i;
240 
241 	BUILD_BUG_ON(RCU_NEXT_TAIL + 1 != ARRAY_SIZE(rsclp->gp_seq));
242 	BUILD_BUG_ON(ARRAY_SIZE(rsclp->tails) != ARRAY_SIZE(rsclp->gp_seq));
243 	rsclp->head = NULL;
244 	for (i = 0; i < RCU_CBLIST_NSEGS; i++) {
245 		rsclp->tails[i] = &rsclp->head;
246 		rcu_segcblist_set_seglen(rsclp, i, 0);
247 	}
248 	rcu_segcblist_set_len(rsclp, 0);
249 	rcu_segcblist_set_flags(rsclp, SEGCBLIST_ENABLED);
250 }
251 
252 /*
253  * Disable the specified rcu_segcblist structure, so that callbacks can
254  * no longer be posted to it.  This structure must be empty.
255  */
256 void rcu_segcblist_disable(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp)
257 {
258 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_segcblist_empty(rsclp));
259 	WARN_ON_ONCE(rcu_segcblist_n_cbs(rsclp));
260 	rcu_segcblist_clear_flags(rsclp, SEGCBLIST_ENABLED);
261 }
262 
263 /*
264  * Mark the specified rcu_segcblist structure as offloaded (or not)
265  */
266 void rcu_segcblist_offload(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, bool offload)
267 {
268 	if (offload)
269 		rcu_segcblist_set_flags(rsclp, SEGCBLIST_LOCKING | SEGCBLIST_OFFLOADED);
270 	else
271 		rcu_segcblist_clear_flags(rsclp, SEGCBLIST_OFFLOADED);
272 }
273 
274 /*
275  * Does the specified rcu_segcblist structure contain callbacks that
276  * are ready to be invoked?
277  */
278 bool rcu_segcblist_ready_cbs(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp)
279 {
280 	return rcu_segcblist_is_enabled(rsclp) &&
281 	       &rsclp->head != READ_ONCE(rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL]);
282 }
283 
284 /*
285  * Does the specified rcu_segcblist structure contain callbacks that
286  * are still pending, that is, not yet ready to be invoked?
287  */
288 bool rcu_segcblist_pend_cbs(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp)
289 {
290 	return rcu_segcblist_is_enabled(rsclp) &&
291 	       !rcu_segcblist_restempty(rsclp, RCU_DONE_TAIL);
292 }
293 
294 /*
295  * Return a pointer to the first callback in the specified rcu_segcblist
296  * structure.  This is useful for diagnostics.
297  */
298 struct rcu_head *rcu_segcblist_first_cb(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp)
299 {
300 	if (rcu_segcblist_is_enabled(rsclp))
301 		return rsclp->head;
302 	return NULL;
303 }
304 
305 /*
306  * Return a pointer to the first pending callback in the specified
307  * rcu_segcblist structure.  This is useful just after posting a given
308  * callback -- if that callback is the first pending callback, then
309  * you cannot rely on someone else having already started up the required
310  * grace period.
311  */
312 struct rcu_head *rcu_segcblist_first_pend_cb(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp)
313 {
314 	if (rcu_segcblist_is_enabled(rsclp))
315 		return *rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL];
316 	return NULL;
317 }
318 
319 /*
320  * Return false if there are no CBs awaiting grace periods, otherwise,
321  * return true and store the nearest waited-upon grace period into *lp.
322  */
323 bool rcu_segcblist_nextgp(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, unsigned long *lp)
324 {
325 	if (!rcu_segcblist_pend_cbs(rsclp))
326 		return false;
327 	*lp = rsclp->gp_seq[RCU_WAIT_TAIL];
328 	return true;
329 }
330 
331 /*
332  * Enqueue the specified callback onto the specified rcu_segcblist
333  * structure, updating accounting as needed.  Note that the ->len
334  * field may be accessed locklessly, hence the WRITE_ONCE().
335  * The ->len field is used by rcu_barrier() and friends to determine
336  * if it must post a callback on this structure, and it is OK
337  * for rcu_barrier() to sometimes post callbacks needlessly, but
338  * absolutely not OK for it to ever miss posting a callback.
339  */
340 void rcu_segcblist_enqueue(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp,
341 			   struct rcu_head *rhp)
342 {
343 	rcu_segcblist_inc_len(rsclp);
344 	rcu_segcblist_inc_seglen(rsclp, RCU_NEXT_TAIL);
345 	rhp->next = NULL;
346 	WRITE_ONCE(*rsclp->tails[RCU_NEXT_TAIL], rhp);
347 	WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[RCU_NEXT_TAIL], &rhp->next);
348 }
349 
350 /*
351  * Entrain the specified callback onto the specified rcu_segcblist at
352  * the end of the last non-empty segment.  If the entire rcu_segcblist
353  * is empty, make no change, but return false.
354  *
355  * This is intended for use by rcu_barrier()-like primitives, -not-
356  * for normal grace-period use.  IMPORTANT:  The callback you enqueue
357  * will wait for all prior callbacks, NOT necessarily for a grace
358  * period.  You have been warned.
359  */
360 bool rcu_segcblist_entrain(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp,
361 			   struct rcu_head *rhp)
362 {
363 	int i;
364 
365 	if (rcu_segcblist_n_cbs(rsclp) == 0)
366 		return false;
367 	rcu_segcblist_inc_len(rsclp);
368 	smp_mb(); /* Ensure counts are updated before callback is entrained. */
369 	rhp->next = NULL;
370 	for (i = RCU_NEXT_TAIL; i > RCU_DONE_TAIL; i--)
371 		if (!rcu_segcblist_segempty(rsclp, i))
372 			break;
373 	rcu_segcblist_inc_seglen(rsclp, i);
374 	WRITE_ONCE(*rsclp->tails[i], rhp);
375 	for (; i <= RCU_NEXT_TAIL; i++)
376 		WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[i], &rhp->next);
377 	return true;
378 }
379 
380 /*
381  * Extract only those callbacks ready to be invoked from the specified
382  * rcu_segcblist structure and place them in the specified rcu_cblist
383  * structure.
384  */
385 void rcu_segcblist_extract_done_cbs(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp,
386 				    struct rcu_cblist *rclp)
387 {
388 	int i;
389 
390 	if (!rcu_segcblist_ready_cbs(rsclp))
391 		return; /* Nothing to do. */
392 	rclp->len = rcu_segcblist_get_seglen(rsclp, RCU_DONE_TAIL);
393 	*rclp->tail = rsclp->head;
394 	WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->head, *rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL]);
395 	WRITE_ONCE(*rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL], NULL);
396 	rclp->tail = rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL];
397 	for (i = RCU_CBLIST_NSEGS - 1; i >= RCU_DONE_TAIL; i--)
398 		if (rsclp->tails[i] == rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL])
399 			WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[i], &rsclp->head);
400 	rcu_segcblist_set_seglen(rsclp, RCU_DONE_TAIL, 0);
401 }
402 
403 /*
404  * Extract only those callbacks still pending (not yet ready to be
405  * invoked) from the specified rcu_segcblist structure and place them in
406  * the specified rcu_cblist structure.  Note that this loses information
407  * about any callbacks that might have been partway done waiting for
408  * their grace period.  Too bad!  They will have to start over.
409  */
410 void rcu_segcblist_extract_pend_cbs(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp,
411 				    struct rcu_cblist *rclp)
412 {
413 	int i;
414 
415 	if (!rcu_segcblist_pend_cbs(rsclp))
416 		return; /* Nothing to do. */
417 	rclp->len = 0;
418 	*rclp->tail = *rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL];
419 	rclp->tail = rsclp->tails[RCU_NEXT_TAIL];
420 	WRITE_ONCE(*rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL], NULL);
421 	for (i = RCU_DONE_TAIL + 1; i < RCU_CBLIST_NSEGS; i++) {
422 		rclp->len += rcu_segcblist_get_seglen(rsclp, i);
423 		WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[i], rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL]);
424 		rcu_segcblist_set_seglen(rsclp, i, 0);
425 	}
426 }
427 
428 /*
429  * Insert counts from the specified rcu_cblist structure in the
430  * specified rcu_segcblist structure.
431  */
432 void rcu_segcblist_insert_count(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp,
433 				struct rcu_cblist *rclp)
434 {
435 	rcu_segcblist_add_len(rsclp, rclp->len);
436 }
437 
438 /*
439  * Move callbacks from the specified rcu_cblist to the beginning of the
440  * done-callbacks segment of the specified rcu_segcblist.
441  */
442 void rcu_segcblist_insert_done_cbs(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp,
443 				   struct rcu_cblist *rclp)
444 {
445 	int i;
446 
447 	if (!rclp->head)
448 		return; /* No callbacks to move. */
449 	rcu_segcblist_add_seglen(rsclp, RCU_DONE_TAIL, rclp->len);
450 	*rclp->tail = rsclp->head;
451 	WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->head, rclp->head);
452 	for (i = RCU_DONE_TAIL; i < RCU_CBLIST_NSEGS; i++)
453 		if (&rsclp->head == rsclp->tails[i])
454 			WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[i], rclp->tail);
455 		else
456 			break;
457 	rclp->head = NULL;
458 	rclp->tail = &rclp->head;
459 }
460 
461 /*
462  * Move callbacks from the specified rcu_cblist to the end of the
463  * new-callbacks segment of the specified rcu_segcblist.
464  */
465 void rcu_segcblist_insert_pend_cbs(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp,
466 				   struct rcu_cblist *rclp)
467 {
468 	if (!rclp->head)
469 		return; /* Nothing to do. */
470 
471 	rcu_segcblist_add_seglen(rsclp, RCU_NEXT_TAIL, rclp->len);
472 	WRITE_ONCE(*rsclp->tails[RCU_NEXT_TAIL], rclp->head);
473 	WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[RCU_NEXT_TAIL], rclp->tail);
474 }
475 
476 /*
477  * Advance the callbacks in the specified rcu_segcblist structure based
478  * on the current value passed in for the grace-period counter.
479  */
480 void rcu_segcblist_advance(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, unsigned long seq)
481 {
482 	int i, j;
483 
484 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_segcblist_is_enabled(rsclp));
485 	if (rcu_segcblist_restempty(rsclp, RCU_DONE_TAIL))
486 		return;
487 
488 	/*
489 	 * Find all callbacks whose ->gp_seq numbers indicate that they
490 	 * are ready to invoke, and put them into the RCU_DONE_TAIL segment.
491 	 */
492 	for (i = RCU_WAIT_TAIL; i < RCU_NEXT_TAIL; i++) {
493 		if (ULONG_CMP_LT(seq, rsclp->gp_seq[i]))
494 			break;
495 		WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL], rsclp->tails[i]);
496 		rcu_segcblist_move_seglen(rsclp, i, RCU_DONE_TAIL);
497 	}
498 
499 	/* If no callbacks moved, nothing more need be done. */
500 	if (i == RCU_WAIT_TAIL)
501 		return;
502 
503 	/* Clean up tail pointers that might have been misordered above. */
504 	for (j = RCU_WAIT_TAIL; j < i; j++)
505 		WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[j], rsclp->tails[RCU_DONE_TAIL]);
506 
507 	/*
508 	 * Callbacks moved, so there might be an empty RCU_WAIT_TAIL
509 	 * and a non-empty RCU_NEXT_READY_TAIL.  If so, copy the
510 	 * RCU_NEXT_READY_TAIL segment to fill the RCU_WAIT_TAIL gap
511 	 * created by the now-ready-to-invoke segments.
512 	 */
513 	for (j = RCU_WAIT_TAIL; i < RCU_NEXT_TAIL; i++, j++) {
514 		if (rsclp->tails[j] == rsclp->tails[RCU_NEXT_TAIL])
515 			break;  /* No more callbacks. */
516 		WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[j], rsclp->tails[i]);
517 		rcu_segcblist_move_seglen(rsclp, i, j);
518 		rsclp->gp_seq[j] = rsclp->gp_seq[i];
519 	}
520 }
521 
522 /*
523  * "Accelerate" callbacks based on more-accurate grace-period information.
524  * The reason for this is that RCU does not synchronize the beginnings and
525  * ends of grace periods, and that callbacks are posted locally.  This in
526  * turn means that the callbacks must be labelled conservatively early
527  * on, as getting exact information would degrade both performance and
528  * scalability.  When more accurate grace-period information becomes
529  * available, previously posted callbacks can be "accelerated", marking
530  * them to complete at the end of the earlier grace period.
531  *
532  * This function operates on an rcu_segcblist structure, and also the
533  * grace-period sequence number seq at which new callbacks would become
534  * ready to invoke.  Returns true if there are callbacks that won't be
535  * ready to invoke until seq, false otherwise.
536  */
537 bool rcu_segcblist_accelerate(struct rcu_segcblist *rsclp, unsigned long seq)
538 {
539 	int i, j;
540 
541 	WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_segcblist_is_enabled(rsclp));
542 	if (rcu_segcblist_restempty(rsclp, RCU_DONE_TAIL))
543 		return false;
544 
545 	/*
546 	 * Find the segment preceding the oldest segment of callbacks
547 	 * whose ->gp_seq[] completion is at or after that passed in via
548 	 * "seq", skipping any empty segments.  This oldest segment, along
549 	 * with any later segments, can be merged in with any newly arrived
550 	 * callbacks in the RCU_NEXT_TAIL segment, and assigned "seq"
551 	 * as their ->gp_seq[] grace-period completion sequence number.
552 	 */
553 	for (i = RCU_NEXT_READY_TAIL; i > RCU_DONE_TAIL; i--)
554 		if (!rcu_segcblist_segempty(rsclp, i) &&
555 		    ULONG_CMP_LT(rsclp->gp_seq[i], seq))
556 			break;
557 
558 	/*
559 	 * If all the segments contain callbacks that correspond to
560 	 * earlier grace-period sequence numbers than "seq", leave.
561 	 * Assuming that the rcu_segcblist structure has enough
562 	 * segments in its arrays, this can only happen if some of
563 	 * the non-done segments contain callbacks that really are
564 	 * ready to invoke.  This situation will get straightened
565 	 * out by the next call to rcu_segcblist_advance().
566 	 *
567 	 * Also advance to the oldest segment of callbacks whose
568 	 * ->gp_seq[] completion is at or after that passed in via "seq",
569 	 * skipping any empty segments.
570 	 *
571 	 * Note that segment "i" (and any lower-numbered segments
572 	 * containing older callbacks) will be unaffected, and their
573 	 * grace-period numbers remain unchanged.  For example, if i ==
574 	 * WAIT_TAIL, then neither WAIT_TAIL nor DONE_TAIL will be touched.
575 	 * Instead, the CBs in NEXT_TAIL will be merged with those in
576 	 * NEXT_READY_TAIL and the grace-period number of NEXT_READY_TAIL
577 	 * would be updated.  NEXT_TAIL would then be empty.
578 	 */
579 	if (rcu_segcblist_restempty(rsclp, i) || ++i >= RCU_NEXT_TAIL)
580 		return false;
581 
582 	/* Accounting: everything below i is about to get merged into i. */
583 	for (j = i + 1; j <= RCU_NEXT_TAIL; j++)
584 		rcu_segcblist_move_seglen(rsclp, j, i);
585 
586 	/*
587 	 * Merge all later callbacks, including newly arrived callbacks,
588 	 * into the segment located by the for-loop above.  Assign "seq"
589 	 * as the ->gp_seq[] value in order to correctly handle the case
590 	 * where there were no pending callbacks in the rcu_segcblist
591 	 * structure other than in the RCU_NEXT_TAIL segment.
592 	 */
593 	for (; i < RCU_NEXT_TAIL; i++) {
594 		WRITE_ONCE(rsclp->tails[i], rsclp->tails[RCU_NEXT_TAIL]);
595 		rsclp->gp_seq[i] = seq;
596 	}
597 	return true;
598 }
599 
600 /*
601  * Merge the source rcu_segcblist structure into the destination
602  * rcu_segcblist structure, then initialize the source.  Any pending
603  * callbacks from the source get to start over.  It is best to
604  * advance and accelerate both the destination and the source
605  * before merging.
606  */
607 void rcu_segcblist_merge(struct rcu_segcblist *dst_rsclp,
608 			 struct rcu_segcblist *src_rsclp)
609 {
610 	struct rcu_cblist donecbs;
611 	struct rcu_cblist pendcbs;
612 
613 	lockdep_assert_cpus_held();
614 
615 	rcu_cblist_init(&donecbs);
616 	rcu_cblist_init(&pendcbs);
617 
618 	rcu_segcblist_extract_done_cbs(src_rsclp, &donecbs);
619 	rcu_segcblist_extract_pend_cbs(src_rsclp, &pendcbs);
620 
621 	/*
622 	 * No need smp_mb() before setting length to 0, because CPU hotplug
623 	 * lock excludes rcu_barrier.
624 	 */
625 	rcu_segcblist_set_len(src_rsclp, 0);
626 
627 	rcu_segcblist_insert_count(dst_rsclp, &donecbs);
628 	rcu_segcblist_insert_count(dst_rsclp, &pendcbs);
629 	rcu_segcblist_insert_done_cbs(dst_rsclp, &donecbs);
630 	rcu_segcblist_insert_pend_cbs(dst_rsclp, &pendcbs);
631 
632 	rcu_segcblist_init(src_rsclp);
633 }
634