libc/sys/getlogin.2

.\"	$NetBSD: getlogin.2,v 1.22 2009/01/11 02:46:30 christos Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1991, 1993
.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\"	@(#)getlogin.2	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/9/93
.\"
.Dd January 6, 2009
.Dt GETLOGIN 2
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm getlogin ,
.Nm getlogin_r ,
.Nm setlogin
.Nd get/set login name
.Sh LIBRARY
.Lb libc
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In unistd.h
.Ft char *
.Fn getlogin void
.Ft int
.Fn getlogin_r "char *name" "size_t len"
.Ft int
.Fn setlogin "const char *name"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Fn getlogin
routine
returns the login name of the user associated with the current session,
as previously set by
.Fn setlogin .
The name is normally associated with a login shell
at the time a session is created,
and is inherited by all processes descended from the login shell.
(This is true even if some of those processes assume another user ID,
for example when
.Xr su 1
is used.)
.Pp
The
.Fn getlogin_r
function
provides the same service as
.Fn getlogin ,
however the caller must provide the buffer
.Fa name
with length
.Fa len
bytes
to hold the result.
The buffer should be at least
.Dv MAXLOGNAME
bytes in length.
.Pp
.Fn setlogin
sets the login name of the user associated with the current session to
.Fa name .
This call is restricted to the super-user, and
is normally used only when a new session is being created on behalf
of the named user
(for example, at login time, or when a remote shell is invoked).
.Pp
.Em NOTE :
There is only one login name per session.
.Pp
It is
.Em CRITICALLY
important to ensure that
.Fn setlogin
is only ever called after the process has taken adequate steps to ensure
that it is detached from its parent's session.
The
.Em ONLY
way to do this is via the
.Fn setsid
function.
The
.Fn daemon
function calls
.Fn setsid
which is an ideal way of detaching from a controlling terminal and
forking into the background.
.Pp
In particular, neither
.Fn ioctl ttyfd TIOCNOTTY ...
nor
.Fn setpgid ...
is sufficient to create a new session.
.Pp
Once a parent process has called
.Fn setsid ,
it is acceptable for some child of that process to then call
.Fn setlogin ,
even though it is not the session leader.
Beware, however, that
.Em ALL
processes in the session will change their login name at the same time,
even the parent.
.Pp
This is different from traditional
.Ux
privilege inheritance and as such can be counter-intuitive.
.Pp
Since the
.Fn setlogin
routine is restricted to the super-user, it is assumed that (like
all other privileged programs) the programmer has taken adequate
precautions to prevent security violations.
.Sh RETURN VALUES
If a call to
.Fn getlogin
succeeds, it returns a pointer to a null-terminated string in a static buffer.
If the name has not been set, it returns
.Dv NULL .
.Pp
If a call to
.Fn setlogin
succeeds, a value of 0 is returned.
If
.Fn setlogin
fails, a value of \-1 is returned and an error code is
placed in the global location
.Va errno .
.Pp
The
.Fn getlogin_r
function
returns zero if successful, or the error number upon failure.
.Sh ERRORS
The following errors may be returned by these calls:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EFAULT
The
.Fa name
parameter gave an
invalid address.
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The
.Fa name
parameter
pointed to a string that was too long.
Login names are limited to
.Dv MAXLOGNAME
(from
.Ao Pa sys/param.h Ac )
characters, currently 16.
.It Bq Er EPERM
The caller tried to set the login name and was not the super-user.
.It Bq Er ERANGE
The size of the buffer is smaller than the result to be returned.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr setsid 2
.Sh STANDARDS
The
.Fn getlogin
and
.Fn getlogin_r
functions conform to
.St -p1003.1-96 .
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Fn getlogin
function first appeared in
.Bx 4.4 .
.Sh BUGS
Login names are limited in length by
.Fn setlogin .
However, lower limits are placed on login names elsewhere in the system
.Pf ( Dv UT_NAMESIZE
in
.Ao Pa utmp.h Ac ) .
.Pp
In earlier versions of the system,
.Fn getlogin
failed unless the process was associated with a login terminal.
The current implementation (using
.Fn setlogin )
allows getlogin to succeed even when the process has no controlling terminal.
In earlier versions of the system, the value returned by
.Fn getlogin
could not be trusted without checking the user ID.
Portable programs should probably still make this check.