usr.bin/indent/indent.1

.\"	$NetBSD: indent.1,v 1.23 2014/09/04 04:06:07 mrg Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993
.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1985 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
.\" Copyright (c) 1976 Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\"	from: @(#)indent.1	8.1 (Berkeley) 7/1/93
.\"
.Dd September 2, 2014
.Dt INDENT 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm indent
.Nd indent and format C program source
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Ar input-file Op Ar output-file
.Op Fl bacc | Fl nbacc
.Op Fl bad | Fl nbad
.Op Fl bap | Fl nbap
.Op Fl bbb | Fl nbbb
.Op Fl \&bc | Fl nbc
.Op Fl \&bl
.Op Fl \&br
.Op Fl c Ns Ar n
.Op Fl \&cd Ns Ar n
.Op Fl cdb | Fl ncdb
.Op Fl \&ce | Fl nce
.Op Fl \&ci Ns Ar n
.Op Fl cli Ns Ar n
.Op Fl d Ns Ar n
.Op Fl \&di Ns Ar n
.Op Fl fc1 | Fl nfc1
.Op Fl i Ns Ar n
.Op Fl \&ip | Fl nip
.Op Fl l Ns Ar n
.Op Fl \&lc Ns Ar n
.Op Fl \&lp | Fl nlp
.Op Fl npro
.Op Fl pcs | Fl npcs
.Op Fl psl | Fl npsl
.Op Fl \&sc | Fl nsc
.Op Fl sob | Fl nsob
.Op Fl \&st
.Op Fl troff
.Op Fl ut | Fl nut
.Op Fl v | Fl \&nv
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
is a
.Tn C
program formatter.
It reformats the
.Tn C
program in the
.Ar input-file
according to the switches.
The switches which can be specified are described below.
They may appear before or after the file names.
.Pp
.Sy NOTE  :
If you only specify an
.Ar input-file  ,
the formatting is
done `in-place', that is, the formatted file is written back into
.Ar input-file
and a backup copy of
.Ar input-file
is written in the current directory.
If
.Ar input-file
is named
.Sq Pa /blah/blah/file ,
the backup file is named
.Pa file.BAK .
.Pp
If
.Ar output-file
is specified,
.Nm
checks to make sure it is different from
.Ar input-file  .
.Pp
If no
.Ar input-file
is specified
input is read from stdin and the formatted file is written to stdout.
.Pp
The options listed below control the formatting style imposed by
.Nm  .
.Bl -tag -width Op
.It Fl bacc , nbacc
If
.Fl bacc
is specified, a blank line is forced around every conditional
compilation block.
For example, in front of every #ifdef and after every #endif.
Other blank lines surrounding such blocks will be swallowed.
Default:
.Fl nbacc  .
.It Fl bad , nbad
If
.Fl bad
is specified, a blank line is forced after every block of
declarations.
Default:
.Fl nbad  .
.It Fl bap , nbap
If
.Fl bap
is specified, a blank line is forced after every procedure body.
Default:
.Fl nbap  .
.It Fl bbb , nbbb
If
.Fl bbb
is specified, a blank line is forced before every block comment.
Default:
.Fl nbbb  .
.It Fl \&bc , nbc
If
.Fl \&bc
is specified, then a newline is forced after each comma in a declaration.
.Fl nbc
turns off this option.
Default:
.Fl \&bc  .
.It Fl \&br , \&bl
Specifying
.Fl \&bl
lines up compound statements like this:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
if (...)
{
  code
}
.Ed
.Pp
Specifying
.Fl \&br
(the default) makes them look like this:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
if (...) {
  code
}
.Ed
.It Fl bs , Fl nbs
If
.Fl bs
is specified, a blank is forced after
.Ic sizeof .
Default:
.Fl nbs  .
.It Fl c Ns Ar n
The column in which comments on code start.
Default:
.Fl c33  .
.It Fl cd Ns Ar n
The column in which comments on declarations start.
The default
is for these comments to start in the same column as those on code.
.It Fl cdb , ncdb
Enables (disables) the placement of comment delimiters on blank lines.
With this option enabled, comments look like this:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
	/*
	 * this is a comment
	 */
.Ed
.Pp
Rather than like this:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
	/* this is a comment */
.Ed
.Pp
This only affects block comments, not comments to the right of
code.
Default:
.Fl cdb  .
.It Fl ce , nce
Enables (disables) forcing `else's to cuddle up to the immediately preceding
`}'.
Default:
.Fl \&ce  .
.It Fl \&ci Ns Ar n
Sets the continuation indent to be
.Ar n  .
Continuation
lines will be indented that far from the beginning of the first line of the
statement.
Parenthesized expressions have extra indentation added to
indicate the nesting, unless
.Fl \&lp
is in effect.
.Fl \&ci
defaults to the same value as
.Fl i  .
.It Fl cli Ns Ar n
Causes case labels to be indented
.Ar n
tab stops to the right of the containing
.Ic switch
statement.
.Fl cli0.5
causes case labels to be indented half a tab stop.
Default:
.Fl cli0  .
.It Fl d Ns Ar n
Controls the placement of comments which are not to the right of code.
For example,
.Fl \&d\&1
means that such comments are placed one indentation level to the left of code.
Specifying the default
.Fl \&d\&0
lines up these comments with the code.
See the section on comment
indentation below.
.It Fl \&di Ns Ar n
Specifies the indentation, in character positions, from a declaration keyword
to the following identifier.
Default:
.Fl di16  .
.It Fl dj , ndj
.Fl \&dj
left justifies declarations.
.Fl ndj
indents declarations the same as code.
Default:
.Fl ndj  .
.It Fl \&ei , nei
Enables (disables) special
.Ic else-if
processing.
If it's enabled, an
.Ic if
following an
.Ic else
will have the same indentation as the preceding
.Ic \&if
statement.
Default:
.Fl ei  .
.It Fl eei , neei
Enables (disables) extra indentation on continuation lines of
the expression part of
.Ic if
and
.Ic while
statements.
These continuation lines will be indented one extra level.
Default:
.Fl neei  .
.It Fl fc1 , nfc1
Enables (disables) the formatting of comments that start in column 1.
Often, comments whose leading `/' is in column 1 have been carefully
hand formatted by the programmer.
In such cases,
.Fl nfc1
should be used.
Default:
.Fl fc1  .
.It Fl i Ns Ar n
The number of spaces for one indentation level.
Default:
.Fl i8 .
.It Fl \&ip , nip
Enables (disables) the indentation of parameter declarations from the left
margin.
Default:
.Fl \&ip  .
.It Fl l Ns Ar n
Maximum length of an output line.
Default:
.Fl l78  .
.It Fl \&lp , nlp
Lines up code surrounded by parenthesis in continuation lines.
If a line has a left parenthesis which is not closed on that line, then
continuation lines will be lined up to start at the character
position just after the left parenthesis.
For example, here is how a piece of continued code looks with
.Fl nlp
in effect:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
p1 = first_procedure(second_procedure(p2, p3),
\ \ third_procedure(p4,p5));
.Ed
.Pp
With
.Fl lp
in effect (the default) the code looks somewhat clearer:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
p1\ =\ first_procedure(second_procedure(p2,\ p3),
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ third_procedure(p4,p5));
.Ed
.Pp
Inserting two more newlines we get:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
p1\ =\ first_procedure(second_procedure(p2,
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ p3),
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ third_procedure(p4
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ p5));
.Ed
.It Fl npro
Causes the profile files,
.Sq Pa ./.indent.pro
and
.Sq Pa ~/.indent.pro ,
to be ignored.
.It Fl pcs , npcs
If true
.Pq Fl pcs
all procedure calls will have a space inserted between
the name and the `('.
Default:
.Fl npcs  .
.It Fl psl , npsl
If true
.Pq Fl psl
the names of procedures being defined are placed in
column 1 \- their types, if any, will be left on the previous lines.
Default:
.Fl psl  .
.It Fl \&sc , nsc
Enables (disables) the placement of asterisks (`*'s) at the left edge of all
comments.
Default:
.Fl sc  .
.It Fl sob , nsob
If
.Fl sob
is specified, indent will swallow optional blank lines.
You can use this to get rid of blank lines after declarations.
Default:
.Fl nsob  .
.It Fl \&st
Causes
.Nm
to take its input from stdin, and put its output to stdout.
.It Fl T Ns Ar typename
Adds
.Ar typename
to the list of type keywords.
Names accumulate:
.Fl T
can be specified more than once.
You need to specify all the typenames that
appear in your program that are defined by
.Ic typedef
\- nothing will be
harmed if you miss a few, but the program won't be formatted as nicely as
it should.
This sounds like a painful thing to have to do, but it's really
a symptom of a problem in C:
.Ic typedef
causes a syntactic change in the
language and
.Nm
can't find all
instances of
.Ic typedef .
.It Fl troff
Causes
.Nm
to format the program for processing by
.Xr troff 1 .
It will produce a fancy
listing in much the same spirit as
.Xr vgrind 1 .
If the output file is not specified, the default is standard output,
rather than formatting in place.
.It Fl ut , nut
Enables (disables) the use of tab characters in the output.
Tabs are assumed to be aligned on columns divisible by 8.
The default is
.Fl ut .
.It Fl v , \&nv
.Fl v
turns on `verbose' mode;
.Fl \&nv
turns it off.
When in verbose mode,
.Nm
reports when it splits one line of input into two or more lines of output,
and gives some size statistics at completion.
Default:
.Fl \&nv  .
.El
.Pp
You may set up your own `profile' of defaults to
.Nm
by creating a file called
.Pa .indent.pro
in your login directory and/or the current directory and including
whatever switches you like.
A `.indent.pro' in the current directory takes
precedence over the one in your login directory.
If
.Nm
is run and a profile file exists, then it is read to set up the program's
defaults.
Switches on the command line, though, always override profile switches.
The switches should be separated by spaces, tabs or newlines.
.Ss Comments
.Sq Em Box
.Em comments .
.Nm
assumes that any comment with a dash or star immediately after the start of
comment (that is, `/*\-' or `/**') is a comment surrounded by a box of stars.
Each line of such a comment is left unchanged, except that its indentation
may be adjusted to account for the change in indentation of the first line
of the comment.
.Pp
.Em Straight text .
All other comments are treated as straight text.
.Nm
fits as many words (separated by blanks, tabs, or newlines) on a
line as possible.
Blank lines break paragraphs.
.Ss Comment indentation
If a comment is on a line with code it is started in the `comment column',
which is set by the
.Fl c Ns Ns Ar n
command line parameter.
Otherwise, the comment is started at
.Ar n
indentation levels less than where code is currently being placed, where
.Ar n
is specified by the
.Fl d Ns Ns Ar n
command line parameter.
If the code on a line extends past the comment
column, the comment starts further to the right, and the right margin may be
automatically extended in extreme cases.
.Ss Preprocessor lines
In general,
.Nm
leaves preprocessor lines alone.
The only reformatting that it will do is to straighten up trailing comments.
It leaves embedded comments alone.
Conditional compilation
.Pq Ic #ifdef...#endif
is recognized and
.Nm
attempts to correctly
compensate for the syntactic peculiarities introduced.
.Ss C syntax
.Nm
understands a substantial amount about the syntax of C, but it
has a `forgiving' parser.
It attempts to cope with the usual sorts of incomplete and misformed syntax.
In particular, the use of macros like:
.Pp
.Dl #define forever for(;;)
.Pp
is handled properly.
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
.Nm
uses the
.Ev HOME
environment variable.
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width "./.indent.pro" -compact
.It Pa ./.indent.pro
profile file
.It Pa ~/.indent.pro
profile file
.El
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
.Bx 4.2 .
.Sh BUGS
.Nm
has even more switches than
.Xr ls 1 .
.Pp
A common mistake that often causes grief is typing:
.Pp
.Dl indent *.c
.Pp
to the shell in an attempt to indent all the
.Tn C
programs in a directory.
This is probably a bug, not a feature.