1.\" $NetBSD: main,v 1.222 2002/11/28 16:09:08 lonewolf Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1999-2002 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. 4.\" All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 15.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 16.\" This product includes software developed by the NetBSD 17.\" Foundation, Inc. and its contributors. 18.\" 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its 19.\" contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived 20.\" from this software without specific prior written permission. 21.\" 22.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS 23.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED 24.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 25.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS 26.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 27.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 28.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 29.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 30.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 31.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 32.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 33.\" 34.ig 35 36 The notes that describe the improvements over the last release 37 aren't appropriate for a snapshot, so these are conditional on 38 FOR_RELEASE. 0 == snapshot; 1 == release 39.. 40. 41.tm Processing INSTALL 42. 43.\" -------------------- CONFIGURATION -------------------- 44. 45.nr FOR_RELEASE 1 46.nr DOC_XR 1 47.ds MACHINE_LIST acorn26 acorn32 algor alpha amiga amigappc arc atari bebox 48.as MACHINE_LIST " cats cesfic cobalt dreamcast evbarm evbmips evbsh3 hp300 49.as MACHINE_LIST " hpcarm hpcmips hpcsh i386 luna68k mac68k macppc mipsco 50.as MACHINE_LIST " mmeye mvme68k mvmeppc netwinder news68k newsmips next68k 51.as MACHINE_LIST " ofppc pc532 playstation2 pmax pmppc prep sandpoint sbmips 52.as MACHINE_LIST " sgimips shark sparc sparc64 sun2 sun3 vax walnut x68k x86_64 53. 54.so \*[.CURDIR]/../common/macros 55. 56.Dd September 7, 2002 57.Dt INSTALL 8 58.Os NetBSD 59.Sh NAME 60.Nm INSTALL 61.Nd Installation procedure for 62.Nx*M . 63.Sh CONTENTS 64.Tc 65.Sh DESCRIPTION 66. 67.Ss About this Document 68.Pp 69. 70This document describes the installation procedure for 71.Nx \*V 72on the 73.Em \*M 74platform. 75It is available in four different formats titled 76.Pa INSTALL. Ns Ar ext , 77where 78.Ar \&.ext 79is one of 80.Pa \&.ps , \&.html , \&.more , 81.No or Pa \&.txt : 82.(tag \&.morex -offset indent 83.It Pa \&.ps 84PostScript. 85.It Pa \&.html 86.No Standard Internet Tn HTML . 87.It Pa \&.more 88The enhanced text format used on 89.Ul 90systems by the 91.Xr more 1 92and 93.Xr less 1 94pager utility programs. 95This is the format in which the on-line 96.Em man 97pages are generally presented. 98.It Pa \&.txt 99Plain old 100.Tn ASCII . 101.tag) 102.Pp 103You are reading the 104.Em \*[format] 105version. 106. 107.if \n[i386]:\n[macppc]:\n[sparc] \{ 108.Ss "Quick install notes for the impatient" 109.Pp 110This section contains some brief notes describing what you need to 111install 112.Nx \*V 113on a machine of the \*M architecture. 114.Bl -bullet 115.It 116Fetch the 117.if \n[i386] \{\ 118appropriate pair of boot floppy images from the 119.Pa installation/floppy/ 120directory. 121Most people will need the 122.Pa boot1.fs 123and 124.Pa boot2.fs 125images, or possibly (but not necessarily) 126.Pa bootlap1.fs 127and 128.Pa bootlap2.fs 129if installing on a laptop. 130.\} 131.if \n[macppc] \{\ 132files necessary to boot your system. 133The files depend on what model you 134are using and how you plan to boot your machine. 135For systems with built-in floppy drives, fetch the bootloader 136.Pa installation/ofwboot.xcf 137and the installation kernel 138.Pa binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz . 139For systems without floppy drives, fetch the bootloader 140.Pa installation/ofwboot.xcf 141and the installation kernel 142.Pa binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz . 143Alternatively, you can fetch the CD image, 144.Pa macppccd.iso 145or the boot floppy image 146.Pa installation/floppy/boot.fs 147which include the bootloader and installation kernel. 148.\} 149.if \n[sparc] \{\ 150CD image, 151.Pa sparccd.iso 152or the floppy disk images, 153.Pa install/floppy/disk1.gz No and Pa install/floppy/disk2 . 154You need either the pair of floppies or the CD to boot your system. 155.\} 156.if \n[macppc]:\n[sparc] \{\ 157Alternatively, you may netboot the installation kernel, which requires 158several local netboot services. 159The details are not covered here, as setting up a netboot server is hardly 160.Dq quick . 161.\} 162.It 163The actual binary distribution is in the 164.Pa binary/sets/ 165directory. 166When you boot the install 167.if \n[i386] floppies, 168.if \n[macppc] kernel from floppy, hard drive, or CD-ROM, 169.if \n[sparc] floppies or CD-ROM, 170the installation program 171can fetch these files for you (using e.g. ftp), 172if you have a network connection. 173There are several other methods to get the binary sets onto 174your machine. 175.Pp 176You will at a minimum need 177.ie \n[i386] \{\ 178one of the kernel sets, typically 179.Pa kern-GENERIC.tgz , 180as well as 181.\} 182.el \{\ 183the following sets: 184.Pa kern-GENERIC.tgz , 185.\} 186.Pa base.tgz 187and 188.Pa etc.tgz . 189In a typical workstation installation you will probably want 190all the installation sets. 191.if \n[i386] \{ 192.It 193Write the floppy images directly to a pair of floppies. 194If you have problems writing a raw image to a floppy, 195the 196.Ic rawrite.exe 197MS-DOS program 198or the 199.Ic Rawrite32.exe 200Windows32 program (inside 201.Pa rawrite32.zip ) 202in the 203.Pa utilities/ 204directory may be of help. 205.\} 206.if \n[macppc] \{ 207.It 208If your mac has a floppy drive, copy 209.Pa ofwboot.xcf No and Pa netbsd-INSTALL.gz 210to an MS-DOS formatted floppy disk and rename 211.Pa netbsd-INSTALL.gz No to Pa netbsd.gz . 212Otherwise, drag 213.Pa ofwboot.xcf No and Pa netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz 214to your hard drive icon (the top level of the drive, not the desktop). 215If you are making a CD, burn it now. 216.\} 217.if \n[sparc] \{ 218.It 219Make sure your sparc's CD-ROM drive is bootable. 220Burn the CD. 221Otherwise, write the floppy images directly to a pair of floppies 222(after uncompressing disk1.gz). 223.\} 224.Pp 225The disk(s) you just prepared will be used to boot the installation 226kernel, which contains all the tools required to install 227.Nx . 228.if \n[macppc] \{\ 229.It 230Determine your machine's model, quirks, and Open Firmware version from the 231.Nx*M 232Model Support webpage. 233.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/macppc/models.html 234.Pp 235At present, 236.Nx*M 237cannot exist on the same hard drive as 238.Tn Mac OS 239unless you partition your disk using a 240.Tn Mac OS 241partitioning utility. 242Open Firmware versions prior to 3 cannot boot into 243.Nx 244on a drive partitioned this way \(em you must use the entire disk, 245partitioned with the installation tools. 246Open Firmware version 3 cannot boot into 247.Nx 248on a drive partitioned with the installation tools, you must use a 249.Tn Mac OS 250partitioning utility and the 251.Dq Me "Re-install sets or install additional sets" 252option in the installer (selecting the 253.Dq Me "Install NetBSD to hard disk" 254or 255.Dq Me "Upgrade NetBSD on a hard disk" 256options will render your drive unbootable). 257If you are unsure, you may want to read the section below on 258.Sx Partitioning your hard drive for NetBSD 259.It 260For systems with Open Firmware versions prior to 3, you may need to use 261Apple's System Disk utility to enter Open Firmware and use your screen and 262keyboard. 263To enter Open Firmware, hold down the 264.Key COMMAND-OPTION-O-F 265keys after the boot chime starts, but before it ends. 266Entering Open Firmware versions prior to 3 is usually the most frustrating 267part of installation \(em you may want to read the section below on 268.Sx Older Open Firmware System Preparation 269.Pp 270You should have the Open Firmware 271.Dq Pa "0 \*>" 272prompt on your screen before attempting to boot 273.Nx*M . 274.\} 275.if \n[macppc] \{\ 276.It 277At the Open Firmware prompt, type the command to boot. 278To boot from a floppy, the command is 279.Dq Ic "boot fd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd.gz" . 280For the install kernel and bootloader on your hard drive (Open Firmware 2813), the command is 282.Dq Ic "boot hd:\e,ofwboot.xcf netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz" . 283.Pp 284For boot CDs, the command is something like 285.Dq Ic "boot cd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd.macppc" 286(for Open Firmware 3) or 287.Dq Ic "boot scsi-int/sd@3:0 NETBSD.MACPPC" 288(for earlier Open Firmware versions). 289You will need to use the correct case for 290.Ic OFWBOOT.XCF No and Ic NETBSD.MACPPC 291depending on how your version of Open Firmware interprets the ISO 292file system. 293You may need to replace 294.Ic cd 295with 296.Ic "scsi/sd@3 , scsi-int/sd@3 , scsi-ext/sd@3 , ata/atapi-disk ," 297or some other device alias. 298You should also use the Open Firmware 299.Ic dir 300command to confirm that the 301.Nx*M 302kernel is called 303.Pa NETBSD.MACPPC . 304.\} 305.if \n[sparc] \{\ 306.It 307You will need to get to the OpenBoot PROM 308.Dq Ic "ok" 309prompt. 310After your system first powers on, and displays some initial information, 311press the 312.Key STOP-A 313keys. 314At the 315.Dq Ic "ok" 316prompt, type the command to boot your system into 317.Nx . 318The command to boot from CD is one of the following commands (depending on 319your model): 320.Dq Ic b sd(,30,) , 321.Dq Ic boot sd(,30,) , 322or 323.Dq Ic boot cdrom . 324.Pp 325The command to boot from floppy is either 326.Dq Ic boot fd(,,1) 327or 328.Dq Ic boot floppy . 329The installer will prompt you to insert the second floppy when it is ready 330for it. 331.\} 332.It 333For third-party programs which are not part of the base 334.Nx 335distribution, you will want to explore the 336.Ic pkgsrc 337system with its more than 3000 program packages. 338.El 339.\} 340.Ss "What is NetBSD?" 341.Pp 342. 343The 344.Nx 345Operating System is a fully functional 346.Tn Open Source 347.Ul 348operating system derived from the University of California, Berkeley 349Networking Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources. 350.Nx 351runs on fifty three different system architectures (ports), 352featuring seventeen machine architectures 353across eleven distinct CPU families, 354and is being ported to more. 355The 356.Nx \*V 357release contains complete binary releases for thirty eight different 358system architectures. 359(The fifteen remaining are not fully supported at this time 360and are thus not part of the binary distribution. 361For information on them, please see the 362.Nx 363web site at 364.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/ . ) 365.Pp 366.Nx 367is a completely integrated system. 368In addition to its highly portable, high performance kernel, 369.nh 370.Nx 371features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several 372languages, the X Window System, firewall software 373and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code. 374.Pp 375.\" XXX Should we include some text here about NetBSD's license 376.\" policies and how commercial-friendly it is? 377.Nx 378is a creation of the members of the Internet community. 379Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes 380possible, it's likely that 381.Nx 382wouldn't exist. 383.Ss Upgrade path to NetBSD 1.6 384If you are not installing your system ``from scratch'' but instead 385are going to upgrade an existing system already running 386.Nx 387you need to know which versions you can upgrade with 388.Nx 1.6 . 389.Pp 390.Nx 1.6 391is an upgrade of 392.Nx 1.5.3 393and earlier major and patch releases of 394.Nx . 395.Pp 396The intermediate development versions of code available on the main trunk 397in our CVS repository (also known as ``NetBSD-current'') from 398.Em after 399the point where the release cycle for 1.6 was started are designated 400by version identifiers such as 1.6A, 1.6B, etc. 401These identifiers do not designate releases, but indicate major changes 402in internal kernel APIs. 403Note that the kernel from 404.Nx 4051.6 can 406.Em not 407be used to upgrade a system running one of those intermediate development 408versions. 409Trying to use the 410.Nx 4111.6 kernel on such a system 412.Em will 413probably result in problems. 414.Pp 415Please also note that it is not possible to do a direct ``version'' 416comparison between any of the intermediate development versions mentioned 417above and 1.6 to determine if a given feature is present or absent 418in 1.6. 419The development of 1.6 and the subsequent ``point'' releases 420is done on a separate branch in the CVS repository. 421The branch was created when the release cycle for 1.6 was started, 422and during the release cycle of 1.6 and its patch releases selected 423fixes and enhancements have been imported from the main development 424trunk. 425.ig 426For example, there may be features in 1.6.1 which were not in 1.6B, 427and vice versa. 428.. 429.if \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\ 430.Ss Changes Between The NetBSD 1.5 and 1.6 Releases 431.Pp 432The 433.Nx 1.6 434release 435provides numerous significant functional enhancements, including 436support for many new devices, integration of hundreds of bug fixes, 437new and updated kernel subsystems, and many user-land enhancements. 438The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for 439production use that rivals most commercially available systems. 440.Pp 441It is impossible to completely summarize over eighteen months of 442development that went into the 443.Nx \*V 444release. 445Some highlights include: 446. 447.Ss2 Kernel 448. 449.(bullet 450Ports to new platforms including: 451algor, 452dreamcast, 453evbarm, 454hpcarm, 455hpcsh, 456newsmips, 457sandpoint, 458sgimips, 459sun2, 460and 461walnut. 462.It 463Unified Buffer Cache (UBC) removes size restriction of the file system's 464buffer cache to use all available RAM (if not otherwise used!) and 465improves overall system performance. 466.It 467Round-robin page colouring implemented for various ports for better 468cache utilisation, more deterministic run-time behaviour, and faster 469program execution. 470.It 471A rewritten SCSI middle layer to provide a cleaner interface between 472the different kernel layers, including a kernel thread to handle error 473recovery outside of the interrupt context. 474See 475.Xr scsipi 9 . 476.It 477A new pipe implementation with significantly higher performance 478due to lower overheads, which uses the UVM Page Loan facility. 479.if !\n[mac68k] \{\ 480.It 481New boot loader flags 482.Fl v 483.Pq Em bootverbose 484and 485.Fl q 486.Pq Em bootquiet , 487to be used by kernel code to optionally print information during boot. 488.It 489An in-kernel boot time device configuration manager 490.Xr userconf 4 , 491activated with the 492.Fl c 493boot loader flag. 494.\} 495.It 496A work-in-progress snapshot of ACPI support, 497based on the 20010831 snapshot of the Intel ACPICA reference implementation. 498.It 499USB 2.0 support, in the form of a preliminary driver for the 500.Xr ehci 4 501host controller. 502.It 503Basic kernel support for IrDA in the form of the 504.Xr irframe 4 505IrDA frame level driver. 506Serial dongles and the 507.Xr oboe 4 508driver are currently supported. 509.It 510Kernel configuration files can be embedded into the kernel for later 511retrieval. 512Refer to 513.Dv INCLUDE_CONFIG_FILE 514in 515.Xr options 4 516for more information. 517.It 518Many more kernel tunable variables added to 519.Xr sysctl 8 . 520.It 521Linux binary emulation has been greatly improved, 522and now supports Linux kernel version 2.4.18. 523.bullet) 524. 525.Ss2 Networking 526. 527.(bullet 528Hardware assisted IPv4 TCP and UDP checksumming and caching of the 529IPv6 TCP pseudo header. 530Support for checksum offloading on the DP83820 Gigabit Ethernet, 3Com 3c90xB, 5313Com 3c90xC, and Alteon Tigon/Tigon2 Gigabit Ethernet cards. 532.It 533Zero-Copy for TCP and UDP transmit path achieved through page 534loaning code for 535.Fn sosend . 536.It 537In-kernel ISDN support, from the ISDN4BSD project. 538.It 539802.1Q VLAN (virtual LAN) support. 540See 541.Xr vlan 4 . 542.It 543IPFilter now supports IPv6 filtering. 544.It 545.Xr ndbootd 8 546added; 547used to netboot 548.Nx Ns /sun2 549machines. 550.It 551.Xr racoon 8 552added; 553IKE key management daemon for IPsec key negotiation, from the KAME project. 554.It 555WEP encryption supported in 556.Xr ifconfig 8 557and 558.Xr awi 4 559driver. 560.It 561.Xr wi 4 562and 563.Xr wiconfig 8 564now support scanning for access points, 565and defaults to BSS instead of ad-hoc mode. 566.It 567Bridging support; currently only for ethernet. 568See 569.Xr bridge 4 . 570.It 571In-kernel PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) - RFC 2516, 572with much lower overhead than user-land PPPoE clients. 573See 574.Xr pppoe 4 . 575.It 576.Xr ifwatchd 8 577added; 578invokes up-script and down-script when a network interface goes up and down. 579Used by 580.Xr pppoe 4 . 581.bullet) 582. 583.Ss2 File system 584. 585.(bullet 586Enhanced stability of LFS version 2, the BSD log-structured file system. 587.It 588.Xr dump 8 , 589.Xr dumpfs 8 , 590.Xr fsck_ffs 8 , 591.Xr fsirand 8 , 592.Xr newfs 8 , 593and 594.Xr tunefs 8 595support a 596.Fl F 597option to manipulate file system images in regular files. 598.It 599.Xr makefs 8 600added; 601creates file system images from a directory tree. 602(Currently ffs only.) 603.It 604Enhanced 605.Fn ffs_dirpref 606by Grigoriy Orlov, which noticeably improves performance on FFS file systems 607when creating directories, and subsequently manipulating them. 608.It 609Fixes for free block tracking and directory block allocation in FFS softdeps. 610.It 611Correctly support FFS file systems with a large number of cylinder groups. 612.It 613Fix the endian independant FFS (FFS_EI) support. 614.It 615.Xr newfs 8 616calculates default block size from the file system size, 617and uses the largest possible cylinders/group (cpg) value if 618.Fl c 619isn't given. 620.It 621.Xr dpti 4 622driver added; 623an implementation of the DPT/Adaptec SCSI/I2O RAID management interface. 624Allows the use of the Linux versions of 625.Ic dptmgr , 626.Ic raidutil , 627.Ic dptelog , 628(etc). 629.It 630Support for 631.Tn "Windows 2000" 632.Sq NTFS 633(NTFS5). 634.It 635Tagged queueing support for SCSI drivers based on the ncr53c9x controller. 636.bullet) 637. 638.Ss2 Security 639. 640.(bullet 641Addition of a 642.Xr chroot 8 643hierarchy for services including 644.Xr named 8 , 645.Xr ntpd 8 , 646and 647.Xr sshd 8 . 648.It 649Additional 650.Xr passwd 5 651ciphers: 652MD5, and 653DES with more encryption rounds. 654See 655.Xr passwd.conf 5 . 656.It 657Several more code audits were performed. 658.It 659.Pa /etc/security 660performs many more checks and is far more flexible in how it monitors 661changes. 662See 663.Xr security.conf 5 . 664. 665.\" XXX: list security advisories here? 666. 667.bullet) 668. 669.Ss2 System administration and user tools 670. 671.(bullet 672.Xr sushi 8 673added; 674a menu based system administration tool. 675.It 676.Xr pgrep 1 677and 678.Xr pkill 1 679added; 680find or signal processes by name or other attributes. 681.It 682System upgrades are made easier through the 683.Xr etcupdate 8 684script which helps updating the 685.Pa /etc 686config files interactively, and the 687.Pa /etc/postinstall 688script which is provided to check for or fix configuration changes 689that have occurred in 690.Nx . 691.It 692.Xr stat 1 693added; 694a user interface to the information returned by the 695.Xr stat 2 696system call. 697.It 698BSD 699.Xr sort 1 700replaces 701GNU 702.Xr sort 1 . 703.It 704The 705.Dq stop 706operation for 707.Xr rc.d 8 708scripts waits until the service terminates before returning. 709This improves the reliability of 710.Dq restart 711operations as well. 712.It 713Swap devices can be removed at system shutdown by enabling 714.Li swapoff 715in 716.Xr rc.conf 5 . 717.It 718An optional watchdog timer which will terminate 719.Xr rc.shutdown 8 720after the number of seconds provided in 721.Li rcshutdown_timeout 722from 723.Xr rc.conf 5 . 724.bullet) 725. 726.Ss2 Miscellaneous 727. 728.(bullet 729Support for multibyte LC_CTYPE locales has been integrated from the 730Citrus project. 731Many Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and other encodings are now available. 732.It 733Full support for cross-compilation of the base system, even as a 734non-root user! 735.Pa src/build.sh 736is available for doing arbitrary cross-builds; see 737.Pa src/BUILDING 738for more information. 739At least 38 ports for the 740.Nx \*V 741release were cross-built on a 742.Nx Ns /i386 743system using this mechanism. 744.It 745Migrated the following CPU platforms to ELF: arm, and m68k (including 746amiga, hp300, mac68k, mvme68k, sun2, and x68k). 747.It 748Updates of most third party packages that are shipped in the base 749system to the following latest stable releases: 750.(bullet -compact -offset indent 751amd 6.0.6 752.It 753BIND 8.3.3 754.It 755binutils 2.11.2 756.It 757bzip2 1.0.2 758.It 759cvs 1.11 760.It 761dhcp 3.0.1rc9 762.It 763file 3.38 764.It 765gcc 2.95.3 766.It 767groff 1.16.1 768.It 769Heimdal 0.4e 770.It 771IPfilter 3.4.27 772.It 773kerberos4 1.1 774.It 775ksh from pdksh 5.2.14p2 776.It 777less 374 778.It 779nvi 1.79 780.It 781OpenSSH 3.4 782.It 783OpenSSL 0.9.6g 784.It 785Postfix 1.1.11 786.It 787ppp 2.4.0 788.It 789routed 2.24 790.It 791sendmail 8.11.6 792.It 793tcpdump 3.7.1 794.if \n[i386] \{\ 795.It 796XFree86 4.2.0 (i386 only) 797\} 798.bullet) 799.It 800Many new packages in the 801.Em pkgsrc 802system, including the latest open source desktop KDE3, OpenOffice, 803perl, Apache and many more. 804At the time of writing, there are over 3000 third party packages 805available in pkgsrc. 806.It 807Added AGP GART driver 808.Xr agp 4 809for faster access to graphics boards. 810.It 811.Xr init 8 812will create an mfs (memory based file system) 813.Pa /dev 814if 815.Pa /dev/console 816is missing. 817.It 818.Xr vmstat 8 819displays kernel hash statistics with 820.Fl H 821and 822.Fl h Ar hash . 823.It 824.Xr wscons 4 825supports blanking of VGA consoles. 826.bullet) 827. 828.Pp 829Kernel interfaces have continued to be refined, and more subsystems 830and device drivers are shared among the different ports. 831You can look for this trend to continue. 832. 833.Ss2 \*M specific 834.so whatis ----------------------------------------------- 835.\} \" \n[FOR_RELEASE] 836. 837.Ss "The Future of NetBSD" 838.Pp 839. 840The 841.Nx 842Foundation has been incorporated as a non-profit 843organization. 844Its purpose is to encourage, foster and promote the free exchange 845of computer software, namely the 846.Nx 847Operating 848System. 849The foundation will allow for many things to be handled more 850smoothly than could be done with our previous informal organization. 851In particular, it provides the framework to deal with other parties 852that wish to become involved in the 853.Nx 854Project. 855.Pp 856The 857.Nx 858Foundation will help improve the quality of 859.Nx 860by: 861.(bullet 862providing better organization to keep track of development 863efforts, including co-ordination with groups working in 864related fields. 865.It 866providing a framework to receive donations of goods and 867services and to own the resources necessary to run the 868.Nx 869Project. 870.It 871providing a better position from which to undertake 872promotional activities. 873.It 874periodically organizing workshops for developers and other 875interested people to discuss ongoing work. 876.bullet) 877.Pp 878We intend to begin narrowing the time delay between releases. 879Our ambition is to provide a full release every six to eight months. 880.Pp 881We hope to support even 882.Em more 883hardware in the future, and we have a 884rather large number of other ideas about what can be done to improve 885.Nx . 886.Pp 887We intend to continue our current practice of making the 888NetBSD-current development source available on a daily basis. 889.Pp 890We intend to integrate free, positive changes from whatever sources 891submit them, providing that they are well thought-out and increase the 892usability of the system. 893.Pp 894Above all, we hope to create a stable and accessible system, and to be 895responsive to the needs and desires of 896.Nx 897users, because it is for 898and because of them that 899.Nx 900exists. 901.br_ne 10P 902. 903.Ss "Sources of NetBSD" 904.Pp 905. 906Refer to 907.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Sites/net.html . 908.br_ne 10P 909. 910.Ss "NetBSD \*V Release Contents 911.Pp 912. 913The root directory of the 914.Nx \*V 915release is organized as follows: 916.ie \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\ 917.Pp 918.Pa .../NetBSD-\*V/ 919.(tag README.files 920.It Li CHANGES 921Changes since earlier 922.Nx 923releases. 924.It Li LAST_MINUTE 925Last minute changes. 926.It Li MIRRORS 927A list of sites that mirror the 928.Nx \*V 929distribution. 930.It Li README.files 931README describing the distribution's contents. 932.It Li TODO 933.Nx 's 934todo list (also somewhat incomplete and out of date). 935.It Pa patches/ 936Post-release source code patches. 937.It Pa source/ 938Source distribution sets; see below. 939.tag) 940.Pp 941In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one 942directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which 943.Nx \*V 944has a binary distribution. 945There are also 946.Pa README.export-control 947files sprinkled liberally throughout the 948distribution tree, which point out that there are some portions of the 949distribution that may be subject to 950export regulations of the United States, e.g. 951code under 952.Pa src/crypto 953and 954.Pa src/sys/crypto . 955It is your responsibility 956to determine whether or not it is legal for you to export these portions 957and to act accordingly. 958.Pp 959The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the 960.Pa source 961subdirectory of the distribution tree. 962They contain the complete sources to the system. 963The source distribution sets are as follows: 964.(tag sharesrc 965.It Sy gnusrc 966This set contains the 967.Dq gnu 968sources, including the source for the compiler, assembler, groff, 969and the other GNU utilities in the binary distribution sets. 970.showsize 55 247 971.It Sy pkgsrc 972This set contains the 973.Dq pkgsrc 974sources, which contain the infrastructure to build third-party packages. 975.showsize 12 94 976.It Sy sharesrc 977This set contains the 978.Dq share 979sources, which include the sources for the man pages not associated 980with any particular program; the sources for the typesettable document 981set; the dictionaries; and more. 982.showsize 4 16 983.It Sy src 984This set contains all of the base 985.Nx \*V 986sources which are not in 987.Sy gnusrc , 988.Sy sharesrc , 989or 990.Sy syssrc . 991.showsize 27 136 992.It Sy syssrc 993This set contains the sources to the 994.Nx \*V 995kernel for all architectures; 996.Xr config 8 ; 997and 998.Xr dbsym 8 . 999.showsize 22 114 1000.It Sy xsrc 1001This set contains the sources to the X Window System. 1002.showsize 78 394 1003.tag) 1004.Pp 1005All the above source sets are located in the 1006.Pa source/sets 1007subdirectory of the distribution tree. 1008.Pp 1009The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files. 1010Except for the 1011.Sy pkgsrc 1012set, which is traditionally unpacked into 1013.Pa /usr/pkgsrc , 1014all sets may be unpacked into 1015.Pa /usr/src 1016with the command: 1017.Dl # Ic "( cd / ; tar -zxpf - ) \*< set_name.tgz" 1018.Pp 1019The 1020.Pa sets/Split/ 1021subdirectory contains split 1022versions of the source sets for those users who need to load the 1023source sets from floppy or otherwise need a split distribution. 1024The split sets are named 1025.Pa "set_name." Ns Ar xx 1026where 1027.Pa set_name 1028is the distribution set name, and 1029.Ar xx 1030is the sequence number of the file, 1031starting with 1032.Dq aa 1033for the first file in the distribution set, then 1034.Dq ab 1035for the next, and so on. 1036All of these files except the last one of each set should be exactly 1037240,640 bytes long. 1038(The last file is just long enough to contain the remainder of the data 1039for that distribution set.) 1040.Pp 1041The split distributions may be reassembled and extracted with 1042.Ic cat 1043as follows: 1044.Pp 1045.Dl # Ic "cat set_name.?? | ( cd / ; tar -zxpf - )" 1046.Pp 1047In each of the source distribution set directories, there are 1048files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory: 1049.(tag SYSVSUM -offset indent 1050.It Li BSDSUM 1051Historic 1052.Bx 1053checksums for the various files 1054in that directory, in the format produced by the command: 1055.br 1056.Ic cksum -o 1 Ar file . 1057.It Li CKSUM 1058.Tn POSIX 1059checksums for the various files in that 1060directory, in the format produced by the command: 1061.br 1062.Ic cksum Ar file . 1063.It Li MD5 1064.Tn MD5 1065digests for the various files in that 1066directory, in the format produced by the command: 1067.br 1068.Ic cksum Fl m Ar file . 1069.It Li SYSVSUM 1070Historic AT\*&T System V 1071.Ux 1072checksums for the various files in that directory, in the format produced by 1073the command: 1074.br 1075.Ic cksum -o 2 Ar file . 1076.tag) 1077.Pp 1078The MD5 digest is the safest checksum, followed by the POSIX 1079checksum. 1080The other two checksums are provided only to ensure 1081that the widest possible range of system can check the integrity 1082of the release files. 1083.\} 1084.el \{\ 1085.Pp 1086.Pa \&.../NetBSD-current/tar_files/ 1087.(item -compact -offset indent 1088.Pa doc.tar.gz 1089.It 1090.Pa pkgsrc.tar.gz 1091.It 1092.Pa src/*.tar.gz 1093.It 1094.Pa xsrc/*.tar.gz 1095.item) 1096.Pp 1097Other directories provide unpacked source trees for distribution via 1098the source update protocol, for more information see: 1099.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/Sites/net.html#sup 1100.\} 1101. 1102. 1103.so ../common/contents ----------------------------------------------- 1104. 1105. 1106.(Note 1107Each directory in the \*M binary distribution also has its 1108own checksum files, just as the source distribution does. 1109.Note) 1110.br_ne 7P 1111. 1112.Ss "NetBSD/\*M System Requirements and Supported Devices" 1113. 1114.so hardware ----------------------------------------------- 1115.br_ne 7P 1116. 1117.Ss "Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media" 1118. 1119.so xfer ----------------------------------------------- 1120.br_ne 7P 1121. 1122.Ss "Preparing your System for NetBSD installation" 1123. 1124.so prep ----------------------------------------------- 1125.br_ne 7P 1126. 1127.ie \n[mac68k] .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System (Sysinst Method)" 1128.el .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System" 1129. 1130.so install ----------------------------------------------- 1131.br_ne 7P 1132. 1133.Ss "Post installation steps" 1134. 1135.so ../common/postinstall ----------------------------------------------- 1136.br_ne 7P 1137. 1138.Ss "Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System" 1139. 1140.so upgrade ----------------------------------------------- 1141.br_ne 7P 1142. 1143.Ss "Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases" 1144.Pp 1145. 1146Users upgrading from previous versions of 1147.Nx 1148may wish to bear the 1149following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to 1150.Nx \*V . 1151. 1152.Ss2 Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 1.5 1153The following issues can generally be resolved by extracting the 1154.Sy etc 1155set into a temporary directory and running 1156.Em postinstall : 1157.(disp 1158mkdir /tmp/upgrade 1159cd /tmp/upgrade 1160pax -zrpe -f /path/to/etc.tgz 1161\&./etc/postinstall -s `pwd` check 1162\&./etc/postinstall -s `pwd` fix 1163.disp) 1164.Pp 1165Issues fixed by 1166.Em postinstall : 1167.(bullet -offset indent 1168Various files in 1169.Pa /etc 1170need upgrading. 1171These include: 1172.(bullet -compact -offset indent 1173.Pa /etc/defaults/* 1174.It 1175.Pa /etc/mtree/* 1176.It 1177.Pa /etc/daily 1178.It 1179.Pa /etc/weekly 1180.It 1181.Pa /etc/monthly 1182.It 1183.Pa /etc/security 1184.It 1185.Pa /etc/rc.subr 1186.It 1187.Pa /etc/rc 1188.It 1189.Pa /etc/rc.shutdown 1190.It 1191.Pa /etc/rc.d/* 1192.bullet) 1193. 1194.It 1195The following files are now obsolete: 1196.Pa /etc/rc.d/NETWORK 1197and 1198.Pa /etc/rc.d/gated . 1199. 1200.It 1201The following 1202.Xr rc.conf 5 1203entries are now obsolete: 1204.Li amd_master , 1205.Li ip6forwarding , 1206.Li defcorename , 1207and 1208.Li nfsiod_flags . 1209.Li critical_filesystems_beforenet 1210has been replaced by 1211.Li critical_filesystems_local . 1212.Li critical_filesystems 1213has been replaced by 1214.Li critical_filesystems_remote . 1215. 1216.It 1217The users and groups 1218.Sq named , 1219.Sq ntpd , 1220and 1221.Sq sshd 1222need to be created. 1223. 1224.It 1225The configuration files for 1226.Xr ssh 1 1227and 1228.Xr sshd 8 1229were moved from 1230.Pa /etc 1231to 1232.Pa /etc/ssh , 1233including 1234.Pa ssh_known_hosts* 1235files and the 1236host key files 1237.Pa ssh_host*_key* . 1238.Pa /etc/ssh.conf 1239was renamed to 1240.Pa /etc/ssh/ssh_config , 1241and 1242.Pa /etc/sshd.conf 1243was renamed to 1244.Pa /etc/ssh/sshd_config . 1245. 1246.It 1247The 1248.Ic mux 1249entries in 1250.Xr wscons.conf 5 1251are now obsolete. 1252.bullet) 1253. 1254.Pp 1255The following issues need to be resolved manually: 1256. 1257.(bullet -offset indent 1258.Xr postfix 8 1259configuration files require upgrading. 1260.(disp 1261cd /usr/share/examples/postfix 1262cp post-install postfix-files postfix-script /etc/postfix 1263postfix check 1264.disp) 1265. 1266.It 1267The 1268.Em de 1269ethernet driver was replaced with the 1270.Em tlp 1271driver. 1272This may require the renaming of the files 1273.Pa /etc/ifconfig.de* 1274to 1275.Pa /etc/ifconfig.tlp* , 1276renaming of 1277.Xr rc.conf 5 1278entries 1279.Li ifconfig_de* 1280to 1281.Li ifconfig_tlp* , 1282and the reconfiguration of files such as 1283.Pa /etc/dhclient.conf 1284and 1285.Pa /etc/ipf.conf . 1286. 1287.bullet) 1288. 1289.Ss2 Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 1.4 or prior 1290.(bullet 1291.Pa /etc/rc 1292modified to use 1293.Pa /etc/rc.d/* 1294.Pp 1295Prior to 1296.Nx 1.5 , 1297.Pa /etc/rc 1298was a traditional 1299.Bx 1300style monolithic file; each discrete program or substem from 1301.Pa /etc/rc 1302and 1303.Pa /etc/netstart 1304has been moved into separate scripts in 1305.Pa /etc/rc.d/ . 1306.Pp 1307At system startup, 1308.Pa /etc/rc 1309uses 1310.Xr rcorder 8 1311to build a dependency list of the files in 1312.Pa /etc/rc.d 1313and then executes each script in turn with an argument of 1314.Sq start . 1315Many 1316.Pa rc.d 1317scripts won't start unless the appropriate 1318.Xr rc.conf 5 1319entry in 1320.Pa /etc/rc.conf 1321is set to 1322.Sq YES. 1323.Pp 1324At system shutdown, 1325.Pa /etc/rc.shutdown 1326uses 1327.Xr rcorder 8 1328to build a dependency list of the files in 1329.Pa /etc/rc.d 1330that have a 1331.Dq "KEYWORD: shutdown" 1332line, reverses the resulting list, and then executes each script in turn 1333with an argument of 1334.Sq stop . 1335The following scripts support a specific shutdown method: 1336.Pa cron , 1337.Pa inetd , 1338.Pa local , 1339and 1340.Pa xdm . 1341.Pp 1342Local and third-party scripts may be installed into 1343.Pa /etc/rc.d 1344as necessary. 1345Refer to the other scripts in that directory and 1346.Xr rc 8 1347for more information on implementing 1348.Pa rc.d 1349scripts. 1350. 1351.It 1352.Xr named 8 1353leaks version information. 1354.Pp 1355Previous releases of 1356.Nx 1357disabled a feature of 1358.Xr named 8 1359where the version number of the server could be determined by remote clients. 1360This feature has not been disabled in 1361.Nx 1.5 , 1362because there is a 1363.Xr named.conf 5 1364option to change the version string: 1365.(disp 1366 option { 1367 version "newstring"; 1368 }; 1369.disp) 1370. 1371.It 1372.Xr sysctl 8 1373was moved from 1374.Pa /usr/sbin/sysctl 1375to 1376.Pa /sbin/sysctl . 1377If you have hardcoded references to the full pathname 1378.Pq in shell scripts, for example 1379please be sure to update those. 1380. 1381.It 1382.Xr sendmail 8 1383configuration file pathname changed. 1384.Pp 1385Due to 1386.Xr sendmail 8 1387upgrade from 8.9.x to 8.10.x, 1388.Pa /etc/sendmail.cf 1389is moved to 1390.Pa /etc/mail/sendmail.cf . 1391Also, the default 1392.Xr sendmail.cf 5 1393refers different pathnames than before. 1394For example, 1395.Pa /etc/aliases 1396is now located at 1397.Pa /etc/mail/aliases , 1398.Pa /etc/sendmail.cw 1399is now called 1400.Pa /etc/mail/local-host-names , 1401and so forth. 1402If you have customized 1403.Xr sendmail.cf 5 1404and friends, you will need to move the files to the new locations. 1405See 1406.Pa /usr/share/sendmail/README 1407for more information. 1408.bullet) 1409. 1410.Pp 1411. 1412. 1413.Ss "Using online NetBSD documentation" 1414.Pp 1415Documentation is available if you first install the manual 1416distribution set. 1417Traditionally, the 1418.Dq man pages 1419(documentation) are denoted by 1420.Sq Li name(section) . 1421Some examples of this are 1422.Pp 1423.(bullet -compact -offset indent 1424.Xr intro 1 , 1425.It 1426.Xr man 1 , 1427.It 1428.Xr apropros 1 , 1429.It 1430.Xr passwd 1 , 1431and 1432.It 1433.Xr passwd 5 . 1434.bullet) 1435.Pp 1436The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three 1437are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats 1438are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8. 1439.Pp 1440.No The Em man 1441command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is 1442started by entering 1443.Ic man Op Ar section 1444.Ar topic . 1445The brackets 1446.Op \& 1447around the 1448section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is 1449optional. 1450If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the 1451lowest numbered section name will be displayed. 1452For instance, after logging in, enter 1453.Pp 1454.Dl # Ic "man passwd" 1455.Pp 1456to read the documentation for 1457.Xr passwd 1 . 1458To view the documentation for 1459.Xr passwd 5 , 1460enter 1461.Pp 1462.Dl # Ic "man 5 passwd" 1463.Pp 1464instead. 1465.Pp 1466If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter 1467.Ic apropos Ar subject-word 1468.Pp 1469where 1470.Ar subject-word 1471is your topic of interest; a list of possibly 1472related man pages will be displayed. 1473. 1474.Ss Administrivia 1475.Pp 1476. 1477If you've got something to say, do so! 1478We'd like your input. 1479There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list 1480server at 1481.Mt majordomo@netbsd.org . 1482To get help on using the mailing 1483list server, send mail to that address with an empty body, and it will 1484reply with instructions. 1485.Pp 1486There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and 1487questions about this release. 1488Please send comments to: 1489.Mt netbsd-comments@netbsd.org . 1490.Pp 1491To report bugs, use the 1492.Xr send-pr 1 1493command shipped with 1494.Nx , 1495and fill in as much information about the problem as you can. 1496Good bug reports include lots of details. 1497Additionally, bug reports can be sent by mail to: 1498.Mt netbsd-bugs@netbsd.org . 1499.Pp 1500Use of 1501.Xr send-pr 1 1502is encouraged, however, because bugs reported with it 1503are entered into the 1504.Nx 1505bugs database, and thus can't slip through 1506the cracks. 1507.Pp 1508There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of 1509each port of 1510.Nx . 1511Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit 1512.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/MailingLists/ . 1513If 1514you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific 1515port, you probably should contact the 1516.Sq owner 1517of that port (listed 1518below). 1519.Pp 1520If you'd like to help with this effort, and have an idea as to how 1521you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to: 1522.Mt netbsd-help@netbsd.org . 1523.Pp 1524As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these 1525mailing lists. 1526Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW somewhere, 1527then mail the appropriate list about it, or, if you'd rather not do that, 1528mail the list saying you'll send the data to those who want it. 1529. 1530.Ss Thanks go to 1531. 1532.(bullet 1533The former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research Group, 1534including (but not limited to): 1535.Bd -unfilled -offset indent 1536Keith Bostic 1537Ralph Campbell 1538Mike Karels 1539Marshall Kirk McKusick 1540.Ed 1541.Pp 1542for their ongoing work on 1543.Bx 1544systems, support, and encouragement. 1545.It 1546Also, our thanks go to: 1547.Bd -unfilled -offset indent 1548Mike Hibler 1549Rick Macklem 1550Jan-Simon Pendry 1551Chris Torek 1552.Ed 1553.Pp 1554for answering lots of questions, fixing bugs, and doing the various work 1555they've done. 1556.It 1557UC Berkeley's Experimental Computing Facility provided a home for 1558sun-lamp in the past, people to look after it, and a sense of humor. 1559Rob Robertson, too, has added his unique sense of humor to things, and 1560for a long time provided the primary FTP site for 1561.Nx . 1562.It 1563Vixie Enterprises for hosting the 1564.Nx 1565FTP, SUP, and WWW servers. 1566.It 1567Redback Networks, Inc. for hosting the 1568.Nx 1569mail and GNATS server. 1570.It 1571The Helsinki University of Technology in Finland for hosting the 1572.Nx 1573CVS server. 1574.It 1575The Internet Research Institute in Japan for hosting the server 1576which runs the CVSweb interface to the 1577.Nx 1578source tree. 1579.It 1580The many organisations that provide 1581.Nx 1582mirror sites. 1583.It 1584Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage, so our hats 1585go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the various other people 1586who've had a hand in making CVS a useful tool. 1587.It 1588Dave Burgess 1589.Mt burgess@cynjut.infonet.net 1590has been maintaining the 1591386BSD/NetBSD/FreeBSD FAQ for quite some time, and deserves to be 1592recognized for it. 1593.It 1594The following individuals and organizations (each in alphabetical order) 1595have made donations or loans of hardware and/or money, to support 1596.Nx 1597development, and deserve credit for it: 1598.so ../common/donations ----------------------------------------------- 1599(If you're not on that list and should be, tell us! 1600We probably were not able to get in touch with you, to verify that you 1601wanted to be listed.) 1602.It 1603Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and tears into 1604developing 1605.Nx 1606since its inception in January, 1993. 1607(Obviously, there are a lot more people who deserve thanks here. 1608If you're one of them, and would like to mentioned, tell us!) 1609.bullet) 1610. 1611.Ss "We are..." 1612. 1613.Pp 1614(in alphabetical order) 1615.Pp 1616. 1617. 1618.Bl -column xxx "Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino" Mt sommerfeld@netbsd.org newsmips 1619. 1620.br_ne 1i 1621.It-span Em "The NetBSD core group:" 1622.It Ta Ta 1623.It Ta Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino Ta Mt itojun@netbsd.org 1624.It Ta Frank van der Linden Ta Mt fvdl@netbsd.org 1625.It Ta Luke Mewburn Ta Mt lukem@netbsd.org 1626.It Ta Christos Zoulas Ta Mt christos@netbsd.org 1627.It Ta Ta 1628. 1629.br_ne 2i 1630.It-span Em "The portmasters (and their ports):" 1631.It Ta Ta 1632.It Ta Lennart Augustsson Ta Mt augustss@netbsd.org Ta Sy pmppc 1633.It Ta Simon Burge Ta Mt simonb@netbsd.org Ta Sy pmax 1634.It Ta Simon Burge Ta Mt simonb@netbsd.org Ta Sy sbmips 1635.It Ta Jeremy Cooper Ta Mt jeremy@netbsd.org Ta Sy sun3x 1636.It Ta Matt Fredette Ta Mt fredette@netbsd.org Ta Sy sun2 1637.It Ta Chris Gilbert Ta Mt chris@netbsd.org Ta Sy cats 1638.It Ta Ross Harvey Ta Mt ross@netbsd.org Ta Sy alpha 1639.It Ta "Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino" Ta Mt itojun@netbsd.org Ta Sy sh3 1640.It Ta Ben Harris Ta Mt bjh21@netbsd.org Ta Sy acorn26 1641.It Ta Eduardo Horvath Ta Mt eeh@netbsd.org Ta Sy sparc64 1642.It Ta Darrin Jewell Ta Mt dbj@netbsd.org Ta Sy next68k 1643.It Ta S\(/oren J\(/orvang Ta Mt soren@netbsd.org Ta Sy cobalt 1644.It Ta S\(/oren J\(/orvang Ta Mt soren@netbsd.org Ta Sy sgimips 1645.It Ta Wayne Knowles Ta Mt wdk@netbsd.org Ta Sy mipsco 1646.It Ta Paul Kranenburg Ta Mt pk@netbsd.org Ta Sy sparc 1647.It Ta "Frank van der Linden" Ta Mt fvdl@netbsd.org Ta Sy i386 1648.It Ta Anders Magnusson Ta Mt ragge@netbsd.org Ta Sy vax 1649.It Ta Phil Nelson Ta Mt phil@netbsd.org Ta Sy pc532 1650.It Ta NISHIMURA Takeshi Ta Mt nsmrtks@netbsd.org Ta Sy x68k 1651.It Ta Tohru Nishimura Ta Mt nisimura@netbsd.org Ta Sy luna68k 1652.It Ta NONAKA Kimihiro Ta Mt nonaka@netbsd.org Ta Sy prep 1653.It Ta Scott Reynolds Ta Mt scottr@netbsd.org Ta Sy mac68k 1654.It Ta Kazuki Sakamoto Ta Mt sakamoto@netbsd.org Ta Sy bebox 1655.It Ta Noriyuki Soda Ta Mt soda@netbsd.org Ta Sy arc 1656.It Ta Wolfgang Solfrank Ta Mt ws@netbsd.org Ta Sy ofppc 1657.It Ta Ignatios Souvatzis Ta Mt is@netbsd.org Ta Sy amiga 1658.It Ta Jonathan Stone Ta Mt jonathan@netbsd.org Ta Sy pmax 1659.It Ta Shin Takemura Ta Mt takemura@netbsd.org Ta Sy hpcmips 1660.It Ta Jason Thorpe Ta Mt thorpej@netbsd.org Ta Sy alpha 1661.It Ta Jason Thorpe Ta Mt thorpej@netbsd.org Ta Sy hp300 1662.It Ta Tsubai Masanari Ta Mt tsubai@netbsd.org Ta Sy macppc 1663.It Ta Tsubai Masanari Ta Mt tsubai@netbsd.org Ta Sy newsmips 1664.It Ta Izumi Tsutsui Ta Mt tsutsui@netbsd.org Ta Sy news68k 1665.It Ta Leo Weppelman Ta Mt leo@netbsd.org Ta Sy atari 1666.It Ta Nathan Williams Ta Mt nathanw@netbsd.org Ta Sy sun3 1667.It Ta Steve Woodford Ta Mt scw@netbsd.org Ta Sy mvme68k 1668.It Ta Steve Woodford Ta Mt scw@netbsd.org Ta Sy mvmeppc 1669.It Ta Reinoud Zandijk Ta Mt reinoud@netbsd.org Ta Sy acorn32 1670.It Ta Ta 1671. 1672.br_ne 1i 1673.It-span Em "The NetBSD \*V Release Engineering team:" 1674.It Ta Ta 1675.It Ta Erik Berls Ta Mt cyber@netbsd.org 1676.It Ta H\(oavard Eidnes Ta Mt he@netbsd.org 1677.It Ta Perry Metzger Ta Mt perry@netbsd.org 1678.It Ta Luke Mewburn Ta Mt lukem@netbsd.org 1679.It Ta Jason Thorpe Ta Mt thorpej@netbsd.org 1680.It Ta Todd Vierling Ta Mt tv@netbsd.org 1681.It Ta Ta 1682. 1683.br_ne 2i 1684.It-span Em "NetBSD Developers:" 1685.It Ta Ta 1686.It Ta Nathan Ahlstrom Ta Mt nra@netbsd.org 1687.It Ta Steve Allen Ta Mt wormey@netbsd.org 1688.It Ta Julian Assange Ta Mt proff@netbsd.org 1689.It Ta Lennart Augustsson Ta Mt augustss@netbsd.org 1690.It Ta Christoph Badura Ta Mt bad@netbsd.org 1691.It Ta Bang Jun-Young Ta Mt junyoung@netbsd.org 1692.It Ta Dieter Baron Ta Mt dillo@netbsd.org 1693.It Ta Robert V. Baron Ta Mt rvb@netbsd.org 1694.It Ta Grant Beattie Ta Mt grant@netbsd.org 1695.It Ta Jason Beegan Ta Mt jtb@netbsd.org 1696.It Ta Erik Berls Ta Mt cyber@netbsd.org 1697.It Ta Hiroyuki Bessho Ta Mt bsh@netbsd.org 1698.It Ta John Birrell Ta Mt jb@netbsd.org 1699.It Ta Mason Loring Bliss Ta Mt mason@netbsd.org 1700.It Ta Rafal Boni Ta Mt rafal@netbsd.org 1701.It Ta Manuel Bouyer Ta Mt bouyer@netbsd.org 1702.It Ta John Brezak Ta Mt brezak@netbsd.org 1703.It Ta Allen Briggs Ta Mt briggs@netbsd.org 1704.It Ta Mark Brinicombe Ta Mt mark@netbsd.org 1705.It Ta Aaron Brown Ta Mt abrown@netbsd.org 1706.It Ta Andrew Brown Ta Mt atatat@netbsd.org 1707.It Ta David Brownlee Ta Mt abs@netbsd.org 1708.It Ta Frederick Bruckman Ta Mt fredb@netbsd.org 1709.It Ta Jon Buller Ta Mt jonb@netbsd.org 1710.It Ta Simon Burge Ta Mt simonb@netbsd.org 1711.It Ta Robert Byrnes Ta Mt byrnes@netbsd.org 1712.It Ta D'Arcy J.M. Cain Ta Mt darcy@netbsd.org 1713.It Ta Dave Carrel Ta Mt carrel@netbsd.org 1714.It Ta James Chacon Ta Mt jmc@netbsd.org 1715.It Ta Bill Coldwell Ta Mt billc@netbsd.org 1716.It Ta Julian Coleman Ta Mt jdc@netbsd.org 1717.It Ta Jeremy Cooper Ta Mt jeremy@netbsd.org 1718.It Ta Chuck Cranor Ta Mt chuck@netbsd.org 1719.It Ta Alistair Crooks Ta Mt agc@netbsd.org 1720.It Ta Aidan Cully Ta Mt aidan@netbsd.org 1721.It Ta Johan Danielsson Ta Mt joda@netbsd.org 1722.It Ta John Darrow Ta Mt jdarrow@netbsd.org 1723.It Ta Matt DeBergalis Ta Mt deberg@netbsd.org 1724.It Ta Rob Deker Ta Mt deker@netbsd.org 1725.It Ta Chris G. Demetriou Ta Mt cgd@netbsd.org 1726.It Ta Tracy Di Marco White Ta Mt gendalia@netbsd.org 1727.It Ta Jarom\('ir Dolecek Ta Mt jdolecek@netbsd.org 1728.It Ta Andy Doran Ta Mt ad@netbsd.org 1729.It Ta Roland Dowdeswell Ta Mt elric@netbsd.org 1730.It Ta Emmanuel Dreyfus Ta Mt manu@netbsd.org 1731.It Ta Matthias Drochner Ta Mt drochner@netbsd.org 1732.It Ta Jun Ebihara Ta Mt jun@netbsd.org 1733.It Ta H\(oavard Eidnes Ta Mt he@netbsd.org 1734.It Ta Stoned Elipot Ta Mt seb@netbsd.org 1735.It Ta Enami Tsugutomo Ta Mt enami@netbsd.org 1736.It Ta Bernd Ernesti Ta Mt veego@netbsd.org 1737.It Ta Erik Fair Ta Mt fair@netbsd.org 1738.It Ta Gavan Fantom Ta Mt gavan@netbsd.org 1739.It Ta Hubert Feyrer Ta Mt hubertf@netbsd.org 1740.It Ta Jason R. Fink Ta Mt jrf@netbsd.org 1741.It Ta Matt Fredette Ta Mt fredette@netbsd.org 1742.It Ta Thorsten Frueauf Ta Mt frueauf@netbsd.org 1743.It Ta Castor Fu Ta Mt castor@netbsd.org 1744.It Ta Ichiro Fukuhara Ta Mt ichiro@netbsd.org 1745.It Ta Thomas Gerner Ta Mt thomas@netbsd.org 1746.It Ta Simon J. Gerraty Ta Mt sjg@netbsd.org 1747.It Ta Justin Gibbs Ta Mt gibbs@netbsd.org 1748.It Ta Chris Gilbert Ta Mt chris@netbsd.org 1749.It Ta Adam Glass Ta Mt glass@netbsd.org 1750.It Ta Michael Graff Ta Mt explorer@netbsd.org 1751.It Ta Brian C. Grayson Ta Mt bgrayson@netbsd.org 1752.It Ta Matthew Green Ta Mt mrg@netbsd.org 1753.It Ta Andreas Gustafsson Ta Mt gson@netbsd.org 1754.It Ta Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino Ta Mt itojun@netbsd.org 1755.It Ta Juergen Hannken-Illjes Ta Mt hannken@netbsd.org 1756.It Ta Charles M. Hannum Ta Mt mycroft@netbsd.org 1757.It Ta Ben Harris Ta Mt bjh21@netbsd.org 1758.It Ta Ross Harvey Ta Mt ross@netbsd.org 1759.It Ta Eric Haszlakiewicz Ta Mt erh@netbsd.org 1760.It Ta John Hawkinson Ta Mt jhawk@netbsd.org 1761.It Ta HAYAKAWA Koichi Ta Mt haya@netbsd.org 1762.It Ta Ren\('e Hexel Ta Mt rh@netbsd.org 1763.It Ta Michael L. Hitch Ta Mt mhitch@netbsd.org 1764.It Ta Christian E. Hopps Ta Mt chopps@netbsd.org 1765.It Ta Ken Hornstein Ta Mt kenh@netbsd.org 1766.It Ta Marc Horowitz Ta Mt marc@netbsd.org 1767.It Ta Eduardo Horvath Ta Mt eeh@netbsd.org 1768.It Ta Nick Hudson Ta Mt skrll@netbsd.org 1769.It Ta Shell Hung Ta Mt shell@netbsd.org 1770.It Ta Martin Husemann Ta Mt martin@netbsd.org 1771.It Ta Dean Huxley Ta Mt dean@netbsd.org 1772.It Ta Love H\(:ornquist \(oAstrand Ta Mt lha@netbsd.org 1773.It Ta Bernardo Innocenti Ta Mt bernie@netbsd.org 1774.It Ta Tetsuya Isaki Ta Mt isaki@netbsd.org 1775.It Ta ITOH Yasufumi Ta Mt itohy@netbsd.org 1776.It Ta IWAMOTO Toshihiro Ta Mt toshii@netbsd.org 1777.It Ta Matthew Jacob Ta Mt mjacob@netbsd.org 1778.It Ta Lonhyn T. Jasinskyj Ta Mt lonhyn@netbsd.org 1779.It Ta Darrin Jewell Ta Mt dbj@netbsd.org 1780.It Ta Chris Jones Ta Mt cjones@netbsd.org 1781.It Ta S\(/oren J\(/orvang Ta Mt soren@netbsd.org 1782.It Ta Takahiro Kambe Ta Mt taca@netbsd.org 1783.It Ta Antti Kantee Ta Mt pooka@netbsd.org 1784.It Ta Masanori Kanaoka Ta Mt kanaoka@netbsd.org 1785.It Ta Mattias Karlsson Ta Mt keihan@netbsd.org 1786.It Ta KAWAMOTO Yosihisa Ta Mt kawamoto@netbsd.org 1787.It Ta Mario Kemper Ta Mt magick@netbsd.org 1788.It Ta Thomas Klausner Ta Mt wiz@netbsd.org 1789.It Ta Klaus Klein Ta Mt kleink@netbsd.org 1790.It Ta Wayne Knowles Ta Mt wdk@netbsd.org 1791.It Ta John Kohl Ta Mt jtk@netbsd.org 1792.It Ta Paul Kranenburg Ta Mt pk@netbsd.org 1793.It Ta Martti Kuparinen Ta Mt martti@netbsd.org 1794.It Ta Kevin Lahey Ta Mt kml@netbsd.org 1795.It Ta Johnny C. Lam Ta Mt jlam@netbsd.org 1796.It Ta Martin J. Laubach Ta Mt mjl@netbsd.org 1797.It Ta Ted Lemon Ta Mt mellon@netbsd.org 1798.It Ta Frank van der Linden Ta Mt fvdl@netbsd.org 1799.It Ta Joel Lindholm Ta Mt joel@netbsd.org 1800.It Ta Mike Long Ta Mt mikel@netbsd.org 1801.It Ta Warner Losh Ta Mt imp@netbsd.org 1802.It Ta Tomasz Luchowski Ta Mt zuntum@netbsd.org 1803.It Ta Federico Lupi Ta Mt federico@netbsd.org 1804.It Ta Brett Lymn Ta Mt blymn@netbsd.org 1805.It Ta Paul Mackerras Ta Mt paulus@netbsd.org 1806.It Ta Anders Magnusson Ta Mt ragge@netbsd.org 1807.It Ta MAEKAWA Masahide Ta Mt gehenna@netbsd.org 1808.It Ta David Maxwell Ta Mt david@netbsd.org 1809.It Ta Dan McMahill Ta Mt dmcmahill@netbsd.org 1810.It Ta Gregory McGarry Ta Mt gmcgarry@netbsd.org 1811.It Ta Jared D. McNeill Ta Mt jmcneill@netbsd.org 1812.It Ta Neil J. McRae Ta Mt neil@netbsd.org 1813.It Ta Perry Metzger Ta Mt perry@netbsd.org 1814.It Ta Julio M. Merino Vidal Ta Mt jmmv@netbsd.org 1815.It Ta Minoura Makoto Ta Mt minoura@netbsd.org 1816.It Ta Luke Mewburn Ta Mt lukem@netbsd.org 1817.It Ta der Mouse Ta Mt mouse@netbsd.org 1818.It Ta Joseph Myers Ta Mt jsm@netbsd.org 1819.It Ta Ken Nakata Ta Mt kenn@netbsd.org 1820.It Ta Phil Nelson Ta Mt phil@netbsd.org 1821.It Ta Bob Nestor Ta Mt rnestor@netbsd.org 1822.It Ta NISHIMURA Takeshi Ta Mt nsmrtks@netbsd.org 1823.It Ta Tohru Nishimura Ta Mt nisimura@netbsd.org 1824.It Ta NONAKA Kimihiro Ta Mt nonaka@netbsd.org 1825.It Ta Jesse Off Ta Mt joff@netbsd.org 1826.It Ta Tatoku Ogaito Ta Mt tacha@netbsd.org 1827.It Ta OKANO Takayoshi Ta Mt kano@netbsd.org 1828.It Ta Masaru Oki Ta Mt oki@netbsd.org 1829.It Ta Atsushi Onoe Ta Mt onoe@netbsd.org 1830.It Ta Greg Oster Ta Mt oster@netbsd.org 1831.It Ta Herb Peyerl Ta Mt hpeyerl@netbsd.org 1832.It Ta Matthias Pfaller Ta Mt matthias@netbsd.org 1833.It Ta Chris Pinnock Ta Mt cjep@netbsd.org 1834.It Ta Dante Profeta Ta Mt dante@netbsd.org 1835.It Ta Chris Provenzano Ta Mt proven@netbsd.org 1836.It Ta Niels Provos Ta Mt provos@netbsd.org 1837.It Ta Michael Rauch Ta Mt mrauch@netbsd.org 1838.It Ta Darren Reed Ta Mt darrenr@netbsd.org 1839.It Ta Scott Reynolds Ta Mt scottr@netbsd.org 1840.It Ta Michael Richardson Ta Mt mcr@netbsd.org 1841.It Ta Tim Rightnour Ta Mt garbled@netbsd.org 1842.It Ta Gordon Ross Ta Mt gwr@netbsd.org 1843.It Ta Ilpo Ruotsalainen Ta Mt lonewolf@netbsd.org 1844.It Ta Heiko W. Rupp Ta Mt hwr@netbsd.org 1845.It Ta David Sainty Ta Mt dsainty@netbsd.org 1846.It Ta SAITOH Masanobu Ta Mt msaitoh@netbsd.org 1847.It Ta Kazuki Sakamoto Ta Mt sakamoto@netbsd.org 1848.It Ta Curt Sampson Ta Mt cjs@netbsd.org 1849.It Ta Wilfredo Sanchez Ta Mt wsanchez@netbsd.org 1850.It Ta Ty Sarna Ta Mt tsarna@netbsd.org 1851.It Ta SATO Kazumi Ta Mt sato@netbsd.org 1852.It Ta Jan Schaumann Ta Mt jschauma@netbsd.org 1853.It Ta Matthias Scheler Ta Mt tron@netbsd.org 1854.It Ta Karl Schilke (rAT) Ta Mt rat@netbsd.org 1855.It Ta Amitai Schlair Ta Mt schmonz@netbsd.org 1856.It Ta Konrad Schroder Ta Mt perseant@netbsd.org 1857.It Ta Lubomir Sedlacik Ta Mt salo@netbsd.org 1858.It Ta Reed Shadgett Ta Mt dent@netbsd.org 1859.It Ta Tim Shepard Ta Mt shep@netbsd.org 1860.It Ta Takeshi Shibagaki Ta Mt shiba@netbsd.org 1861.It Ta Takao Shinohara Ta Mt shin@netbsd.org 1862.It Ta Takuya SHIOZAKI Ta Mt tshiozak@netbsd.org 1863.It Ta Chuck Silvers Ta Mt chs@netbsd.org 1864.It Ta Thor Lancelot Simon Ta Mt tls@netbsd.org 1865.It Ta Jeff Smith Ta Mt jeffs@netbsd.org 1866.It Ta Noriyuki Soda Ta Mt soda@netbsd.org 1867.It Ta Wolfgang Solfrank Ta Mt ws@netbsd.org 1868.It Ta SOMEYA Yoshihiko Ta Mt someya@netbsd.org 1869.It Ta Bill Sommerfeld Ta Mt sommerfeld@netbsd.org 1870.It Ta Ignatios Souvatzis Ta Mt is@netbsd.org 1871.It Ta Bill Squier Ta Mt groo@netbsd.org 1872.It Ta Jonathan Stone Ta Mt jonathan@netbsd.org 1873.It Ta Bill Studenmund Ta Mt wrstuden@netbsd.org 1874.It Ta Kevin Sullivan Ta Mt sullivan@netbsd.org 1875.It Ta SUNAGAWA Keiki Ta Mt kei@netbsd.org 1876.It Ta Kimmo Suominen Ta Mt kim@netbsd.org 1877.It Ta Shin Takemura Ta Mt takemura@netbsd.org 1878.It Ta TAMURA Kent Ta Mt kent@netbsd.org 1879.It Ta Shin'ichiro TAYA Ta Mt taya@netbsd.org 1880.It Ta Matt Thomas Ta Mt matt@netbsd.org 1881.It Ta Jason Thorpe Ta Mt thorpej@netbsd.org 1882.It Ta Christoph Toshok Ta Mt toshok@netbsd.org 1883.It Ta Tsubai Masanari Ta Mt tsubai@netbsd.org 1884.It Ta Izumi Tsutsui Ta Mt tsutsui@netbsd.org 1885.It Ta UCHIYAMA Yasushi Ta Mt uch@netbsd.org 1886.It Ta Masao Uebayashi Ta Mt uebayasi@netbsd.org 1887.It Ta Shuichiro URATA Ta Mt ur@netbsd.org 1888.It Ta Todd Vierling Ta Mt tv@netbsd.org 1889.It Ta Aymeric Vincent Ta Mt aymeric@netbsd.org 1890.It Ta Paul Vixie Ta Mt vixie@netbsd.org 1891.It Ta Krister Walfridsson Ta Mt kristerw@netbsd.org 1892.It Ta Lex Wennmacher Ta Mt wennmach@netbsd.org 1893.It Ta Leo Weppelman Ta Mt leo@netbsd.org 1894.It Ta Assar Westerlund Ta Mt assar@netbsd.org 1895.It Ta Todd Whitesel Ta Mt toddpw@netbsd.org 1896.It Ta Nathan Williams Ta Mt nathanw@netbsd.org 1897.It Ta Rob Windsor Ta Mt windsor@netbsd.org 1898.It Ta Dan Winship Ta Mt danw@netbsd.org 1899.It Ta Jim Wise Ta Mt jwise@netbsd.org 1900.It Ta Michael Wolfson Ta Mt mbw@netbsd.org 1901.It Ta Steve Woodford Ta Mt scw@netbsd.org 1902.It Ta Colin Wood Ta Mt ender@netbsd.org 1903.It Ta YAMAMOTO Takashi Ta Mt yamt@netbsd.org 1904.It Ta Yuji Yamano Ta Mt yyamano@netbsd.org 1905.It Ta Reinoud Zandijk Ta Mt reinoud@netbsd.org 1906.It Ta Maria Zevenhoven Ta Mt maria7@netbsd.org 1907.It Ta Christos Zoulas Ta Mt christos@netbsd.org 1908.It Ta Ta 1909. 1910.br_ne 2i 1911.It-span Em "Other contributors:" 1912.It Ta Ta 1913.It Ta Dave Burgess Ta Mt burgess@cynjut.infonet.net 1914.It Ta Brian R. Gaeke Ta Mt brg@dgate.org 1915.It Ta Brad Grantham Ta Mt grantham@tenon.com 1916.It Ta Lawrence Kesteloot Ta Mt kesteloo@cs.unc.edu 1917.It Ta Waldi Ravens Ta Mt waldi@moacs.indiv.nl.net 1918. 1919.El 1920. 1921.Ss "Legal Mumbo-Jumbo" 1922.Pp 1923. 1924All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered 1925trademarks of their respective owners. 1926.Pp 1927The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of 1928the software that we have mentioned in this document: 1929.Pp 1930.nr save_size \n[.s] 1931.nr save_vs \n[.v] 1932.ps 8 1933.vs 9 1934.Ht <font size=-1> 1935.(item -compact 1936.so ../common/legal.common ----------------------------------------------- 1937.so legal ----------------------------------------------- 1938.item) 1939.Ht </font> 1940.ps 1941.vs 1942.Ss "The End" 1943