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The upgrade to .Nx \*V is a binary upgrade; it can be quite difficult to advance to a later version by recompiling from source due primarily to interdependencies in the various components.
p No automated upgrade procedure exists for upgrading to release \*V for the .Nx*M architecture. The current procedure is essentially to perform a new install from scratch. It is hoped that there will be a good upgrade procedure for future releases. Please feel free to volunteer to help replace these installation tools.
p The following steps outline the current upgrade procedure. These steps should help ease the upgrade process. Please read these instructions carefully and completely before proceeding. .(enum Since upgrading involves replacing the kernel and most of the system binaries, it has the potential to cause data loss. You are strongly advised to .Em back up any important data on your disk, whether on the .Nx partition or on another operating system's partition, before beginning the upgrade process. Although the upgrade should not damage your file system(s) in any way, you never know what may happen. t Download the distribution sets you want from the
a \*M/binary/sets subdirectory of the .Nx \*V distribution. You will need the base set and the kernel at a minimum. Be sure to download the files in .Em binary mode. If you will be upgrading from within .Nx , make sure that you place the distribution sets on a file system you will be able to reach from single-user mode. t Install the \*V kernel. You may either use the Installer utility (included in the
a installation/misc subdirectory) or install from within .Nx (the latter is recommended for speed reasons). If you choose the former, proceed as you normally would. If you choose to install from within .Nx , then boot (or shutdown) into single-user mode and do the following:
p .Dl # Ic "cd /" .Dl # Ic "pax -zrvpe -f /path/to/kern.tgz"
p There is no need to backup your old kernel explicitly since it will be incapable of running many of the newer binaries you are about to install. (Unless, of course, you have a backup copy of your older binaries and want to revert to them for some reason.) However, you might want to keep a backup if you are upgrading from within .Nx just in case the newer kernel has trouble booting your machine. t If you are installing using the Installer, skip to step 5. Otherwise, reboot into .Nx in single-user mode. Run c fsck Fl f and then mount all local partitions read/write. Usually c mount Fl a t Ic nonfs should do the trick, but if you have several partitions on the same disk, take note of the fact that a change in partition numbering may have moved a few of your partitions around. You can do a c disklabel sd Ns Ar X (where .Ar X is a drive on which you have .Nx partitions) to see how the partitions are currently laid out. It is likely that a partition has shifted into the .Li sd Ns Ar X Ns Li d or .Li sd Ns Ar X Ns Li e slots, slots that often were not available under previous releases of .Nx . If this is the case, you will need to manually mount your root partition
q Pa / via c "mount -w /" and edit your
a /etc/fstab file to reflect the new partition layout. Unless you are familiar with .Xr ex 1 or .Xr ed 1 . the easiest way to fix your
a /etc/fstab file is probably to simply do a c "cat \*> /etc/fstab" and type in the corrected file in its entirety. t Install the distribution sets. Keep in mind that the .Nx \*V distribution takes up a considerably larger amount of disk space than did the 1.3 family of distributions. If you are using the Installer, proceed normally (remember that you will need to mount non-root partitions by hand using the MiniShell before installing). If you are installing from within .Nx , do the following:
p .Dl # Ic "cd /" .Dl # Ic "pax -zrvpe -f /path/to/base.tgz"
p Keep in mind that there is no going back once you have installed the base set short of a complete re-install of an earlier distribution. Continue with the appropriate command line for each of the other sets you wish to install except for the etc set. If you are in the Installer, open up the Minishell and do the following:
p .Dl Ic "cd /tmp" .Dl Ic "exit"
p Ignore the warning message this will cause. Now, use the Installer to install the .Sy etc set (it will install into
a /tmp instead of the
a /etc directory).
p If you are in .Nx , do the following instead:
p .Dl # Ic "cd /tmp" .Dl # Ic "pax -zrvpe -f /path/to/etc.tgz" t If you are in the Installer, quit it and boot into .Nx in single-user mode. From there, c cd to the
a /tmp/etc directory and compare each file there with your old files in
a /etc . You will probably want to replace some of your system configuration files, or incorporate some of the changes in the new versions into yours. You should take note of the following when upgrading to the .Nx \*V etc.tgz set: .(bullet Several of the options given to many of the file systems have changed, and some of the file systems have changed names. .(Note It is imperative that you change any instances of .Sy ufs
a /etc/fstab to .Sy ffs . .Note) To find out more about different file system options, read the man page for the associated c mount command (e.g. .Xr mount_mfs 8 for MFS file systems; note: FFS type file systems are documented in the .Xr mount 8 man page). If you have not already done so, you may also need to correct
a /etc/fstab for a shift in the partition numbering scheme. See step 4 above for more details. t You will also probably want to upgrade your device nodes at this time as well. Make sure you have installed the latest MAKEDEV script (it should be included in the etc set) and perform the following commands:
p .Dl # Ic "cd /dev" .Dl # Ic "sh MAKEDEV all" .bullet) t Run c fsck Fl f to make sure that your file system is still consistent. If fsck reports any errors, fix them by answering .Sq Ic y to its suggested solutions .(Note If there are a large number of errors, you may wish to stop and run c fsck Fl fy to automatically answer c yes instead. .Note) t Exit from single-user mode and it should continue to boot into multi-user mode. .enum)
p At this point you have successfully upgraded to .Nx \*V .