1.\" $NetBSD: more.1,v 1.5 2002/01/15 02:31:04 wiz Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1990, 1993 4.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 5.\" All rights reserved. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 16.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 17.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 18.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 19.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 20.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 21.\" without specific prior written permission. 22.\" 23.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 24.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 25.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 26.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 27.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 28.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 29.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 30.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 31.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 32.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 33.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 34.\" 35.\" @(#)more.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/18/94 36.\" 37.Dd April 18, 1994 38.Dt MORE 1 39.Os 40.Sh NAME 41.Nm more 42.Nd file perusal filter for CRT viewing 43.Sh SYNOPSIS 44.Nm 45.Op Fl ceinus 46.Op Fl t Ar tag 47.Op Fl x Ar tabs 48.Op Fl / Ar pattern 49.Op Fl # 50.Op Ar 51.Sh DESCRIPTION 52The 53.Nm 54command is a filter for paging through text one screenful at a time. 55It uses 56.Xr termcap 3 57so it can run on a variety of terminals. 58There is even limited support for hardcopy terminals. 59(On a hardcopy terminal, lines which should be printed at the top 60of the screen are prefixed with an up-arrow). 61.Ar File 62may be a single dash (``-''), implying stdin. 63.Sh OPTIONS 64Command line options are described below. 65Options are also taken from the environment variable 66.Ev MORE 67(make sure to precede them with a dash (``-'')) but command 68line options will override them. 69.Bl -tag -width flag 70.It Fl c 71Normally, 72.Nm 73will repaint the screen by scrolling from the bottom of the screen. 74If the 75.Fl c 76option is set, when 77.Nm 78needs to change the entire display, it will paint from the top line down. 79.It Fl e 80Normally, if displaying a single file, 81.Nm 82exits as soon as it reaches end-of-file. The 83.Fl e 84option tells more to 85exit if it reaches end-of-file twice without an intervening operation. 86If the file is shorter than a single screen 87.Nm 88will exit at end-of-file regardless. 89.It Fl i 90The 91.Fl i 92option causes searches to ignore case; that is, 93uppercase and lowercase are considered identical. 94.It Fl n 95The 96.Fl n 97flag suppresses line numbers. 98The default (to use line numbers) may cause 99.Nm 100to run more slowly in some cases, especially with a very large input file. 101Suppressing line numbers with the 102.Fl n 103flag will avoid this problem. 104Using line numbers means: the line number will be displayed in the 105.Cm = 106command, and the 107.Cm v 108command will pass the current line number to the editor. 109.It Fl s 110The 111.Fl s 112option causes 113consecutive blank lines to be squeezed into a single blank line. 114.It Fl t 115The 116.Fl t 117option, followed immediately by a tag, will edit the file 118containing that tag. For more information, see the 119.Xr ctags 1 120command. 121.It Fl u 122By default, 123.Nm 124treats backspaces and 125.Dv CR-LF 126sequences specially. Backspaces which appear 127adjacent to an underscore character are displayed as underlined text. 128Backspaces which appear between two identical characters are displayed 129as emboldened text. 130.Dv CR-LF 131sequences are compressed to a single linefeed 132character. The 133.Fl u 134option causes backspaces to always be displayed as 135control characters, i.e. as the two character sequence ``^H'', and 136.Dv CR-LF 137to be left alone. 138.It Fl x 139The 140.Fl x 141option sets tab stops every 142.Ar N 143positions. The default for 144.Ar N 145is 8. 146.It Fl / 147The 148.Fl / 149option specifies a string that will be searched for before 150each file is displayed. 151.El 152.Sh COMMANDS 153Interactive commands for 154.Nm 155are based on 156.Xr vi 1 . 157Some commands may be preceded by a decimal number, called N in the 158descriptions below. 159In the following descriptions, ^X means control-X. 160.Pp 161.Bl -tag -width Ic 162.It Ic h 163Help: display a summary of these commands. 164If you forget all the other commands, remember this one. 165.It Xo 166.Ic SPACE 167.No or 168.Ic f 169.No or 170.Ic \&^F 171.Xc 172Scroll forward N lines, default one window. 173If N is more than the screen size, only the final screenful is displayed. 174.It Ic b No or Ic \&^B 175Scroll backward N lines, default one window (see option -z below). 176If N is more than the screen size, only the final screenful is displayed. 177.It Ic j No or Ic RETURN 178Scroll forward N lines, default 1. 179The entire N lines are displayed, even if N is more than the screen size. 180.It Ic k 181Scroll backward N lines, default 1. 182The entire N lines are displayed, even if N is more than the screen size. 183.It Ic d No or Ic \&^D 184Scroll forward N lines, default one half of the screen size. 185If N is specified, it becomes the new default for 186subsequent d and u commands. 187.It Ic u No or Ic \&^U 188Scroll backward N lines, default one half of the screen size. 189If N is specified, it becomes the new default for 190subsequent d and u commands. 191.It Ic g 192Go to line N in the file, default 1 (beginning of file). 193.It Ic G 194Go to line N in the file, default the end of the file. 195.It Ic p No or Ic \&% 196Go to a position N percent into the file. N should be between 0 197and 100. (This works if standard input is being read, but only if 198.Nm 199has already read to the end of the file. It is always fast, but 200not always useful.) 201.It Ic r No or Ic \&^L 202Repaint the screen. 203.It Ic R 204Repaint the screen, discarding any buffered input. 205Useful if the file is changing while it is being viewed. 206.It Ic m 207Followed by any lowercase letter, 208marks the current position with that letter. 209.It Ic \&' 210(Single quote.) 211Followed by any lowercase letter, returns to the position which 212was previously marked with that letter. 213Followed by another single quote, returns to the position at 214which the last "large" movement command was executed, or the 215beginning of the file if no such movements have occurred. 216All marks are lost when a new file is examined. 217.It Ic \&/ Ns Ar pattern 218Search forward in the file for the N-th line containing the pattern. 219N defaults to 1. 220The pattern is a regular expression, as recognized by 221.Xr ed 1 . 222The search starts at the second line displayed. 223.It Ic \&? Ns Ar pattern 224Search backward in the file for the N-th line containing the pattern. 225The search starts at the line immediately before the top line displayed. 226.It Ic \&/\&! Ns Ar pattern 227Like /, but the search is for the N-th line 228which does NOT contain the pattern. 229.It Ic \&?\&! Ns Ar pattern 230Like ?, but the search is for the N-th line 231which does NOT contain the pattern. 232.It Ic n 233Repeat previous search, for N-th line containing the last pattern 234(or 235.Tn NOT 236containing the last pattern, if the previous search 237was /! or ?!). 238.It Ic E Ns Op Ar filename 239Examine a new file. 240If the filename is missing, the "current" file (see the N and P commands 241below) from the list of files in the command line is re-examined. 242If the filename is a pound sign (#), the previously examined file is 243re-examined. 244.It Ic N No or Ic \&:n 245Examine the next file (from the list of files given in the command line). 246If a number N is specified (not to be confused with the command N), 247the N-th next file is examined. 248.It Ic P No or Ic \&:p 249Examine the previous file. 250If a number N is specified, the N-th previous file is examined. 251.It Ic \&:t 252Go to supplied tag. 253.It Ic v 254Invokes an editor to edit the current file being viewed. 255The editor is taken from the environment variable 256.Ev EDITOR , 257or defaults to 258.Xr vi 1 . 259.It Ic \&= No or Ic \&^G 260These options print out the number of the file currently being displayed 261relative to the total number of files there are to display, the current 262line number, the current byte number and the total bytes to display, and 263what percentage of the file has been displayed. 264If 265.Nm 266is reading from stdin, or the file is shorter than a single screen, some 267of these items may not be available. Note, all of these items reference 268the first byte of the last line displayed on the screen. 269.It Xo 270.Ic q 271.No or 272.Ic \&:q 273.No or 274.Ic ZZ 275.Xc 276Exits 277.Nm "" . 278.El 279.Sh ENVIRONMENT 280The 281.Nm 282command utilizes the following environment variables, if they exist: 283.Bl -tag -width Fl 284.It Ev MORE 285This variable may be set with favored options to 286.Nm "" . 287.It Ev EDITOR 288Specify default editor. 289.It Ev SHELL 290Current shell in use (normally set by the shell at login time). 291.It Ev TERM 292Specifies terminal type, used by more to get the terminal 293characteristics necessary to manipulate the screen. 294.El 295.Sh SEE ALSO 296.Xr ctags 1 , 297.Xr vi 1 298.Sh HISTORY 299The 300.Nm 301command appeared in 302.Bx 3.0 . 303.Sh AUTHORS 304This software is derived from software contributed to Berkeley 305by Mark Nudleman. 306