1<!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" 2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> 3<html> <head> 4<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii"> 5<title> Postfix manual - oqmgr(8) </title> 6</head> <body> <pre> 7OQMGR(8) OQMGR(8) 8 9<b>NAME</b> 10 oqmgr - old Postfix queue manager 11 12<b>SYNOPSIS</b> 13 <b>oqmgr</b> [generic Postfix daemon options] 14 15<b>DESCRIPTION</b> 16 The <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon awaits the arrival of incoming mail 17 and arranges for its delivery via Postfix delivery pro- 18 cesses. The actual mail routing strategy is delegated to 19 the <a href="trivial-rewrite.8.html"><b>trivial-rewrite</b>(8)</a> daemon. This program expects to be 20 run from the <a href="master.8.html"><b>master</b>(8)</a> process manager. 21 22 Mail addressed to the local <b>double-bounce</b> address is 23 logged and discarded. This stops potential loops caused 24 by undeliverable bounce notifications. 25 26<b>MAIL QUEUES</b> 27 The <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon maintains the following queues: 28 29 <b>incoming</b> 30 Inbound mail from the network, or mail picked up by 31 the local <a href="pickup.8.html"><b>pickup</b>(8)</a> agent from the <b>maildrop</b> direc- 32 tory. 33 34 <b>active</b> Messages that the queue manager has opened for 35 delivery. Only a limited number of messages is 36 allowed to enter the <b>active</b> queue (leaky bucket 37 strategy, for a fixed delivery rate). 38 39 <b>deferred</b> 40 Mail that could not be delivered upon the first 41 attempt. The queue manager implements exponential 42 backoff by doubling the time between delivery 43 attempts. 44 45 <b>corrupt</b> 46 Unreadable or damaged queue files are moved here 47 for inspection. 48 49 <b>hold</b> Messages that are kept "on hold" are kept here 50 until someone sets them free. 51 52<b>DELIVERY STATUS REPORTS</b> 53 The <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon keeps an eye on per-message delivery 54 status reports in the following directories. Each status 55 report file has the same name as the corresponding message 56 file: 57 58 <b>bounce</b> Per-recipient status information about why mail is 59 bounced. These files are maintained by the 60 <a href="bounce.8.html"><b>bounce</b>(8)</a> daemon. 61 62 <b>defer</b> Per-recipient status information about why mail is 63 delayed. These files are maintained by the 64 <a href="defer.8.html"><b>defer</b>(8)</a> daemon. 65 66 <b>trace</b> Per-recipient status information as requested with 67 the Postfix "<b>sendmail -v</b>" or "<b>sendmail -bv</b>" com- 68 mand. These files are maintained by the <a href="trace.8.html"><b>trace</b>(8)</a> 69 daemon. 70 71 The <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon is responsible for asking the 72 <a href="bounce.8.html"><b>bounce</b>(8)</a>, <a href="defer.8.html"><b>defer</b>(8)</a> or <a href="trace.8.html"><b>trace</b>(8)</a> daemons to send delivery 73 reports. 74 75<b>STRATEGIES</b> 76 The queue manager implements a variety of strategies for 77 either opening queue files (input) or for message delivery 78 (output). 79 80 <b>leaky bucket</b> 81 This strategy limits the number of messages in the 82 <b>active</b> queue and prevents the queue manager from 83 running out of memory under heavy load. 84 85 <b>fairness</b> 86 When the <b>active</b> queue has room, the queue manager 87 takes one message from the <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#incoming_queue"><b>incoming</b> queue</a> and one 88 from the <b>deferred</b> queue. This prevents a large mail 89 backlog from blocking the delivery of new mail. 90 91 <b>slow start</b> 92 This strategy eliminates "thundering herd" problems 93 by slowly adjusting the number of parallel deliver- 94 ies to the same destination. 95 96 <b>round robin</b> 97 The queue manager sorts delivery requests by desti- 98 nation. Round-robin selection prevents one desti- 99 nation from dominating deliveries to other destina- 100 tions. 101 102 <b>exponential backoff</b> 103 Mail that cannot be delivered upon the first 104 attempt is deferred. The time interval between 105 delivery attempts is doubled after each attempt. 106 107 <b>destination status cache</b> 108 The queue manager avoids unnecessary delivery 109 attempts by maintaining a short-term, in-memory 110 list of unreachable destinations. 111 112<b>TRIGGERS</b> 113 On an idle system, the queue manager waits for the arrival 114 of trigger events, or it waits for a timer to go off. A 115 trigger is a one-byte message. Depending on the message 116 received, the queue manager performs one of the following 117 actions (the message is followed by the symbolic constant 118 used internally by the software): 119 120 <b>D (QMGR_REQ_SCAN_DEFERRED)</b> 121 Start a <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> scan. If a deferred queue 122 scan is already in progress, that scan will be 123 restarted as soon as it finishes. 124 125 <b>I (QMGR_REQ_SCAN_INCOMING)</b> 126 Start an <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#incoming_queue">incoming queue</a> scan. If an incoming queue 127 scan is already in progress, that scan will be 128 restarted as soon as it finishes. 129 130 <b>A (QMGR_REQ_SCAN_ALL)</b> 131 Ignore <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> file time stamps. The request 132 affects the next <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> scan. 133 134 <b>F (QMGR_REQ_FLUSH_DEAD)</b> 135 Purge all information about dead transports and 136 destinations. 137 138 <b>W (TRIGGER_REQ_WAKEUP)</b> 139 Wakeup call, This is used by the master server to 140 instantiate servers that should not go away for- 141 ever. The action is to start an <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#incoming_queue">incoming queue</a> 142 scan. 143 144 The <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon reads an entire buffer worth of trig- 145 gers. Multiple identical trigger requests are collapsed 146 into one, and trigger requests are sorted so that <b>A</b> and <b>F</b> 147 precede <b>D</b> and <b>I</b>. Thus, in order to force a <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> 148 run, one would request <b>A F D</b>; in order to notify the queue 149 manager of the arrival of new mail one would request <b>I</b>. 150 151<b>STANDARDS</b> 152 <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3463">RFC 3463</a> (Enhanced status codes) 153 <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3464">RFC 3464</a> (Delivery status notifications) 154 155<b>SECURITY</b> 156 The <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon is not security sensitive. It reads 157 single-character messages from untrusted local users, and 158 thus may be susceptible to denial of service attacks. The 159 <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon does not talk to the outside world, and it 160 can be run at fixed low privilege in a chrooted environ- 161 ment. 162 163<b>DIAGNOSTICS</b> 164 Problems and transactions are logged to the <b>syslog</b>(8) dae- 165 mon. Corrupted message files are saved to the <b>corrupt</b> 166 queue for further inspection. 167 168 Depending on the setting of the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#notify_classes">notify_classes</a></b> parameter, 169 the postmaster is notified of bounces and of other trou- 170 ble. 171 172<b>BUGS</b> 173 A single queue manager process has to compete for disk 174 access with multiple front-end processes such as 175 <a href="cleanup.8.html"><b>cleanup</b>(8)</a>. A sudden burst of inbound mail can negatively 176 impact outbound delivery rates. 177 178<b>CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS</b> 179 Changes to <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> are not picked up automatically, as 180 <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> is a persistent process. Use the command "<b>postfix</b> 181 <b>reload</b>" after a configuration change. 182 183 The text below provides only a parameter summary. See 184 <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>postconf</b>(5)</a> for more details including examples. 185 186 In the text below, <i>transport</i> is the first field in a <b>mas-</b> 187 <b>ter.cf</b> entry. 188 189<b>COMPATIBILITY CONTROLS</b> 190 Available before Postfix version 2.5: 191 192 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#allow_min_user">allow_min_user</a> (no)</b> 193 Allow a sender or recipient address to have `-' as 194 the first character. 195 196 Available with Postfix version 2.7 and later: 197 198 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_filter_nexthop">default_filter_nexthop</a> (empty)</b> 199 When a <a href="postconf.5.html#content_filter">content_filter</a> or FILTER request specifies 200 no explicit next-hop destination, use $default_fil- 201 ter_nexthop instead; when that value is empty, use 202 the domain in the recipient address. 203 204<b>ACTIVE QUEUE CONTROLS</b> 205 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#qmgr_clog_warn_time">qmgr_clog_warn_time</a> (300s)</b> 206 The minimal delay between warnings that a specific 207 destination is clogging up the Postfix active 208 queue. 209 210 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#qmgr_message_active_limit">qmgr_message_active_limit</a> (20000)</b> 211 The maximal number of messages in the <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#active_queue">active queue</a>. 212 213 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#qmgr_message_recipient_limit">qmgr_message_recipient_limit</a> (20000)</b> 214 The maximal number of recipients held in memory by 215 the Postfix queue manager, and the maximal size of 216 the size of the short-term, in-memory "dead" desti- 217 nation status cache. 218 219<b>DELIVERY CONCURRENCY CONTROLS</b> 220 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#qmgr_fudge_factor">qmgr_fudge_factor</a> (100)</b> 221 Obsolete feature: the percentage of delivery 222 resources that a busy mail system will use up for 223 delivery of a large mailing list message. 224 225 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#initial_destination_concurrency">initial_destination_concurrency</a> (5)</b> 226 The initial per-destination concurrency level for 227 parallel delivery to the same destination. 228 229 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_limit">default_destination_concurrency_limit</a> (20)</b> 230 The default maximal number of parallel deliveries 231 to the same destination. 232 233 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_destination_concurrency_limit"><i>transport</i>_destination_concurrency_limit</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_limit">default_destina</a>-</b> 234 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_limit">tion_concurrency_limit</a>)</b> 235 Idem, for delivery via the named message <i>transport</i>. 236 237 Available in Postfix version 2.5 and later: 238 239 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_initial_destination_concurrency"><i>transport</i>_initial_destination_concurrency</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#initial_destination_concurrency">initial_desti</a>-</b> 240 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#initial_destination_concurrency">nation_concurrency</a>)</b> 241 Initial concurrency for delivery via the named mes- 242 sage <i>transport</i>. 243 244 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit">default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit</a> (1)</b> 245 How many pseudo-cohorts must suffer connection or 246 handshake failure before a specific destination is 247 considered unavailable (and further delivery is 248 suspended). 249 250 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit"><i>transport</i>_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit</a></b> 251 <b>($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit">default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit</a>)</b> 252 Idem, for delivery via the named message <i>transport</i>. 253 254 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback">default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback</a> (1)</b> 255 The per-destination amount of delivery concurrency 256 negative feedback, after a delivery completes with 257 a connection or handshake failure. 258 259 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback"><i>transport</i>_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback</a></b> 260 <b>($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback">default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback</a>)</b> 261 Idem, for delivery via the named message <i>transport</i>. 262 263 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback">default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback</a> (1)</b> 264 The per-destination amount of delivery concurrency 265 positive feedback, after a delivery completes with- 266 out connection or handshake failure. 267 268 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback"><i>transport</i>_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback</a></b> 269 <b>($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback">default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback</a>)</b> 270 Idem, for delivery via the named message <i>transport</i>. 271 272 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#destination_concurrency_feedback_debug">destination_concurrency_feedback_debug</a> (no)</b> 273 Make the queue manager's feedback algorithm verbose 274 for performance analysis purposes. 275 276<b>RECIPIENT SCHEDULING CONTROLS</b> 277 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_recipient_limit">default_destination_recipient_limit</a> (50)</b> 278 The default maximal number of recipients per mes- 279 sage delivery. 280 281 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_destination_recipient_limit"><i>transport</i>_destination_recipient_limit</a></b> 282 Idem, for delivery via the named message <i>transport</i>. 283 284<b>OTHER RESOURCE AND RATE CONTROLS</b> 285 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#minimal_backoff_time">minimal_backoff_time</a> (300s)</b> 286 The minimal time between attempts to deliver a 287 deferred message; prior to Postfix 2.4 the default 288 value was 1000s. 289 290 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#maximal_backoff_time">maximal_backoff_time</a> (4000s)</b> 291 The maximal time between attempts to deliver a 292 deferred message. 293 294 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#maximal_queue_lifetime">maximal_queue_lifetime</a> (5d)</b> 295 The maximal time a message is queued before it is 296 sent back as undeliverable. 297 298 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#queue_run_delay">queue_run_delay</a> (300s)</b> 299 The time between <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> scans by the queue 300 manager; prior to Postfix 2.4 the default value was 301 1000s. 302 303 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_retry_time">transport_retry_time</a> (60s)</b> 304 The time between attempts by the Postfix queue man- 305 ager to contact a malfunctioning message delivery 306 transport. 307 308 Available in Postfix version 2.1 and later: 309 310 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#bounce_queue_lifetime">bounce_queue_lifetime</a> (5d)</b> 311 The maximal time a bounce message is queued before 312 it is considered undeliverable. 313 314 Available in Postfix version 2.5 and later: 315 316 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_rate_delay">default_destination_rate_delay</a> (0s)</b> 317 The default amount of delay that is inserted 318 between individual deliveries to the same destina- 319 tion; with per-destination recipient limit > 1, a 320 destination is a domain, otherwise it is a recipi- 321 ent. 322 323 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_destination_rate_delay"><i>transport</i>_destination_rate_delay</a> $<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_rate_delay">default_destina</a>-</b> 324 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_rate_delay">tion_rate_delay</a></b> 325 Idem, for delivery via the named message <i>transport</i>. 326 327<b>MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS</b> 328 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 329 The default location of the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> and 330 <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> configuration files. 331 332 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#defer_transports">defer_transports</a> (empty)</b> 333 The names of message delivery transports that 334 should not deliver mail unless someone issues 335 "<b>sendmail -q</b>" or equivalent. 336 337 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#delay_logging_resolution_limit">delay_logging_resolution_limit</a> (2)</b> 338 The maximal number of digits after the decimal 339 point when logging sub-second delay values. 340 341 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#helpful_warnings">helpful_warnings</a> (yes)</b> 342 Log warnings about problematic configuration set- 343 tings, and provide helpful suggestions. 344 345 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#ipc_timeout">ipc_timeout</a> (3600s)</b> 346 The time limit for sending or receiving information 347 over an internal communication channel. 348 349 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#process_id">process_id</a> (read-only)</b> 350 The process ID of a Postfix command or daemon 351 process. 352 353 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#process_name">process_name</a> (read-only)</b> 354 The process name of a Postfix command or daemon 355 process. 356 357 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#queue_directory">queue_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 358 The location of the Postfix top-level queue direc- 359 tory. 360 361 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_facility">syslog_facility</a> (mail)</b> 362 The syslog facility of Postfix logging. 363 364 <b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_name">syslog_name</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b> 365 The mail system name that is prepended to the 366 process name in syslog records, so that "smtpd" 367 becomes, for example, "postfix/smtpd". 368 369<b>FILES</b> 370 /var/spool/postfix/incoming, <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#incoming_queue">incoming queue</a> 371 /var/spool/postfix/active, <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#active_queue">active queue</a> 372 /var/spool/postfix/deferred, <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> 373 /var/spool/postfix/bounce, non-delivery status 374 /var/spool/postfix/defer, non-delivery status 375 /var/spool/postfix/trace, delivery status 376 377<b>SEE ALSO</b> 378 <a href="trivial-rewrite.8.html">trivial-rewrite(8)</a>, address routing 379 <a href="bounce.8.html">bounce(8)</a>, delivery status reports 380 <a href="postconf.5.html">postconf(5)</a>, configuration parameters 381 <a href="master.5.html">master(5)</a>, generic daemon options 382 <a href="master.8.html">master(8)</a>, process manager 383 syslogd(8), system logging 384 385<b>README FILES</b> 386 <a href="QSHAPE_README.html">QSHAPE_README</a>, Postfix queue analysis 387 388<b>LICENSE</b> 389 The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this 390 software. 391 392<b>AUTHOR(S)</b> 393 Wietse Venema 394 IBM T.J. Watson Research 395 P.O. Box 704 396 Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA 397 398 OQMGR(8) 399</pre> </body> </html> 400