1 /*	$NetBSD: alpha_reloc.c,v 1.23 2002/10/03 20:39:22 mycroft Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 2001 Wasabi Systems, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Written by Jason R. Thorpe for Wasabi Systems, Inc.
8  *
9  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11  * are met:
12  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
18  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
19  *	This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
20  *	Wasabi Systems, Inc.
21  * 4. The name of Wasabi Systems, Inc. may not be used to endorse
22  *    or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
23  *    written permission.
24  *
25  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY WASABI SYSTEMS, INC. ``AS IS'' AND
26  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
27  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
28  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WASABI SYSTEMS, INC
29  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
30  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
31  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
32  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
33  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
34  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
35  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
36  */
37 
38 /*
39  * Copyright 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 John D. Polstra.
40  * All rights reserved.
41  *
42  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
43  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
44  * are met:
45  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
46  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
47  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
48  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
49  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
50  *
51  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
52  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
53  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
54  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
55  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
56  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
57  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
58  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
59  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
60  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
61  */
62 
63 #include <sys/types.h>
64 #include <sys/stat.h>
65 #include <string.h>
66 
67 #include "rtld.h"
68 #include "debug.h"
69 
70 #ifdef RTLD_DEBUG_ALPHA
71 #define	adbg(x)		xprintf x
72 #else
73 #define	adbg(x)		/* nothing */
74 #endif
75 
76 void _rtld_bind_start(void);
77 void _rtld_bind_start_old(void);
78 void _rtld_relocate_nonplt_self(Elf_Dyn *, Elf_Addr);
79 caddr_t _rtld_bind __P((const Obj_Entry *, Elf_Word));
80 
81 void
82 _rtld_setup_pltgot(const Obj_Entry *obj)
83 {
84 	uint32_t word0;
85 
86 	/*
87 	 * The PLTGOT on the Alpha looks like this:
88 	 *
89 	 *	PLT HEADER
90 	 *	.
91 	 *	. 32 bytes
92 	 *	.
93 	 *	PLT ENTRY #0
94 	 *	.
95 	 *	. 12 bytes
96 	 *	.
97 	 *	PLT ENTRY #1
98 	 *	.
99 	 *	. 12 bytes
100 	 *	.
101 	 *	etc.
102 	 *
103 	 * The old-format entries look like (displacements filled in
104 	 * by the linker):
105 	 *
106 	 *	ldah	$28, 0($31)		# 0x279f0000
107 	 *	lda	$28, 0($28)		# 0x239c0000
108 	 *	br	$31, plt0		# 0xc3e00000
109 	 *
110 	 * The new-format entries look like:
111 	 *
112 	 *	br	$28, plt0		# 0xc3800000
113 	 *					# 0x00000000
114 	 *					# 0x00000000
115 	 *
116 	 * What we do is fetch the first PLT entry and check to
117 	 * see the first word of it matches the first word of the
118 	 * old format.  If so, we use a binding routine that can
119 	 * handle the old format, otherwise we use a binding routine
120 	 * that handles the new format.
121 	 *
122 	 * Note that this is done on a per-object basis, we can mix
123 	 * and match shared objects build with both the old and new
124 	 * linker.
125 	 */
126 	word0 = *(uint32_t *)(((char *) obj->pltgot) + 32);
127 	if ((word0 & 0xffff0000) == 0x279f0000) {
128 		/* Old PLT entry format. */
129 		adbg(("ALPHA: object %p has old PLT format\n", obj));
130 		obj->pltgot[2] = (Elf_Addr) &_rtld_bind_start_old;
131 		obj->pltgot[3] = (Elf_Addr) obj;
132 	} else {
133 		/* New PLT entry format. */
134 		adbg(("ALPHA: object %p has new PLT format\n", obj));
135 		obj->pltgot[2] = (Elf_Addr) &_rtld_bind_start;
136 		obj->pltgot[3] = (Elf_Addr) obj;
137 	}
138 
139 	__asm __volatile("imb");
140 }
141 
142 /*
143  * It is possible for the compiler to emit relocations for unaligned data.
144  * We handle this situation with these inlines.
145  */
146 #define	RELOC_ALIGNED_P(x) \
147 	(((uintptr_t)(x) & (sizeof(void *) - 1)) == 0)
148 
149 static __inline Elf_Addr
150 load_ptr(void *where)
151 {
152 	Elf_Addr res;
153 
154 	memcpy(&res, where, sizeof(res));
155 
156 	return (res);
157 }
158 
159 static __inline void
160 store_ptr(void *where, Elf_Addr val)
161 {
162 
163 	memcpy(where, &val, sizeof(val));
164 }
165 
166 void
167 _rtld_relocate_nonplt_self(dynp, relocbase)
168 	Elf_Dyn *dynp;
169 	Elf_Addr relocbase;
170 {
171 	const Elf_Rela *rela = 0, *relalim;
172 	Elf_Addr relasz = 0;
173 	Elf_Addr *where;
174 
175 	for (; dynp->d_tag != DT_NULL; dynp++) {
176 		switch (dynp->d_tag) {
177 		case DT_RELA:
178 			rela = (const Elf_Rela *)(relocbase + dynp->d_un.d_ptr);
179 			break;
180 		case DT_RELASZ:
181 			relasz = dynp->d_un.d_val;
182 			break;
183 		}
184 	}
185 	relalim = (const Elf_Rela *)((caddr_t)rela + relasz);
186 	for (; rela < relalim; rela++) {
187 		where = (Elf_Addr *)(relocbase + rela->r_offset);
188 		/* XXX For some reason I see a few GLOB_DAT relocs here. */
189 		*where += (Elf_Addr)relocbase;
190 	}
191 }
192 
193 int
194 _rtld_relocate_nonplt_objects(obj)
195 	const Obj_Entry *obj;
196 {
197 	const Elf_Rela *rela;
198 #define COMBRELOC
199 #ifdef COMBRELOC
200 	unsigned long lastsym = -1;
201 #endif
202 	Elf_Addr target;
203 
204 	for (rela = obj->rela; rela < obj->relalim; rela++) {
205 		Elf_Addr        *where;
206 		const Elf_Sym   *def;
207 		const Obj_Entry *defobj;
208 		Elf_Addr         tmp;
209 		unsigned long	 symnum;
210 
211 		where = (Elf_Addr *)(obj->relocbase + rela->r_offset);
212 		symnum = ELF_R_SYM(rela->r_info);
213 
214 		switch (ELF_R_TYPE(rela->r_info)) {
215 		case R_TYPE(NONE):
216 			break;
217 
218 		case R_TYPE(REFQUAD):
219 		case R_TYPE(GLOB_DAT):
220 #ifdef COMBRELOC
221 			if (symnum != lastsym) {
222 #endif
223 				def = _rtld_find_symdef(symnum, obj, &defobj,
224 				    false);
225 				if (def == NULL)
226 					return -1;
227 				target = (Elf_Addr)(defobj->relocbase +
228 				    def->st_value);
229 #ifdef COMBRELOC
230 				lastsym = symnum;
231 			}
232 #endif
233 
234 			tmp = target + rela->r_addend;
235 			if (__predict_true(RELOC_ALIGNED_P(where))) {
236 				if (*where != tmp)
237 					*where = tmp;
238 			} else {
239 				if (load_ptr(where) != tmp)
240 					store_ptr(where, tmp);
241 			}
242 			rdbg(("REFQUAD/GLOB_DAT %s in %s --> %p in %s",
243 			    obj->strtab + obj->symtab[symnum].st_name,
244 			    obj->path, (void *)tmp, defobj->path));
245 			break;
246 
247 		case R_TYPE(RELATIVE):
248 			if (__predict_true(RELOC_ALIGNED_P(where)))
249 				*where += (Elf_Addr)obj->relocbase;
250 			else
251 				store_ptr(where,
252 				    load_ptr(where) + (Elf_Addr)obj->relocbase);
253 			rdbg(("RELATIVE in %s --> %p", obj->path,
254 			    (void *)*where));
255 			break;
256 
257 		case R_TYPE(COPY):
258 			/*
259 			 * These are deferred until all other relocations have
260 			 * been done.  All we do here is make sure that the
261 			 * COPY relocation is not in a shared library.  They
262 			 * are allowed only in executable files.
263 			 */
264 			if (obj->isdynamic) {
265 				_rtld_error(
266 			"%s: Unexpected R_COPY relocation in shared library",
267 				    obj->path);
268 				return -1;
269 			}
270 			rdbg(("COPY (avoid in main)"));
271 			break;
272 
273 		default:
274 			rdbg(("sym = %lu, type = %lu, offset = %p, "
275 			    "addend = %p, contents = %p, symbol = %s",
276 			    symnum, (u_long)ELF_R_TYPE(rela->r_info),
277 			    (void *)rela->r_offset, (void *)rela->r_addend,
278 			    (void *)load_ptr(where),
279 			    obj->strtab + obj->symtab[symnum].st_name));
280 			_rtld_error("%s: Unsupported relocation type %ld "
281 			    "in non-PLT relocations\n",
282 			    obj->path, (u_long) ELF_R_TYPE(rela->r_info));
283 			return -1;
284 		}
285 	}
286 	return 0;
287 }
288 
289 int
290 _rtld_relocate_plt_lazy(obj)
291 	const Obj_Entry *obj;
292 {
293 	const Elf_Rela *rela;
294 
295 	if (!obj->relocbase)
296 		return 0;
297 
298 	for (rela = obj->pltrela; rela < obj->pltrelalim; rela++) {
299 		Elf_Addr *where = (Elf_Addr *)(obj->relocbase + rela->r_offset);
300 
301 		assert(ELF_R_TYPE(rela->r_info) == R_TYPE(JMP_SLOT));
302 
303 		/* Just relocate the GOT slots pointing into the PLT */
304 		*where += (Elf_Addr)obj->relocbase;
305 		rdbg(("fixup !main in %s --> %p", obj->path, (void *)*where));
306 	}
307 
308 	return 0;
309 }
310 
311 caddr_t
312 _rtld_bind(obj, reloff)
313 	const Obj_Entry *obj;
314 	Elf_Word reloff;
315 {
316 	const Elf_Rela *rela = (const Elf_Rela *)((caddr_t)obj->pltrela + reloff);
317 	Elf_Addr *where = (Elf_Addr *)(obj->relocbase + rela->r_offset);
318 	Elf_Addr new_value;
319 	const Elf_Sym  *def;
320 	const Obj_Entry *defobj;
321 	Elf_Addr stubaddr;
322 
323 	assert(ELF_R_TYPE(rela->r_info) == R_TYPE(JMP_SLOT));
324 
325 	def = _rtld_find_symdef(ELF_R_SYM(rela->r_info), obj, &defobj, true);
326 	if (def == NULL)
327 		_rtld_die();
328 
329 	new_value = (Elf_Addr)(defobj->relocbase + def->st_value);
330 	rdbg(("bind now/fixup in %s --> old=%p new=%p",
331 	    defobj->strtab + def->st_name, (void *)*where, (void *)new_value));
332 
333 	if ((stubaddr = *where) != new_value) {
334 		int64_t delta, idisp;
335 		uint32_t insn[3], *stubptr;
336 		int insncnt;
337 		Elf_Addr pc;
338 
339 		/* Point this GOT entry at the target. */
340 		*where = new_value;
341 
342 		/*
343 		 * Alpha shared objects may have multiple GOTs, each
344 		 * of which may point to this entry in the PLT.  But,
345 		 * we only have a reference to the first GOT entry which
346 		 * points to this PLT entry.  In order to avoid having to
347 		 * re-bind this call every time a non-first GOT entry is
348 		 * used, we will attempt to patch up the PLT entry to
349 		 * reference the target, rather than the binder.
350 		 *
351 		 * When the PLT stub gets control, PV contains the address
352 		 * of the PLT entry.  Each PLT entry has room for 3 insns.
353 		 * If the displacement of the target from PV fits in a signed
354 		 * 32-bit integer, we can simply add it to PV.  Otherwise,
355 		 * we must load the GOT entry itself into PV.
356 		 *
357 		 * Note if the shared object uses the old PLT format, then
358 		 * we cannot patch up the PLT safely, and so we skip it
359 		 * in that case[*].
360 		 *
361 		 * [*] Actually, if we're not doing lazy-binding, then
362 		 * we *can* (and do) patch up this PLT entry; the PLTGOT
363 		 * thunk won't yet point to any binder entry point, and
364 		 * so this test will fail as it would for the new PLT
365 		 * entry format.
366 		 */
367 		if (obj->pltgot[2] == (Elf_Addr) &_rtld_bind_start_old) {
368 			rdbg(("  old PLT format"));
369 			goto out;
370 		}
371 
372 		delta = new_value - stubaddr;
373 		rdbg(("  stubaddr=%p, where-stubaddr=%ld, delta=%ld",
374 		    (void *)stubaddr, (long)where - (long)stubaddr,
375 		    (long)delta));
376 		insncnt = 0;
377 		if ((int32_t)delta == delta) {
378 			/*
379 			 * We can adjust PV with an LDA, LDAH sequence.
380 			 *
381 			 * First, build an LDA insn to adjust the low 16
382 			 * bits.
383 			 */
384 			insn[insncnt++] = 0x08 << 26 | 27 << 21 | 27 << 16 |
385 			    (delta & 0xffff);
386 			rdbg(("  LDA  $27,%d($27)", (int16_t)delta));
387 			/*
388 			 * Adjust the delta to account for the effects of
389 			 * the LDA, including sign-extension.
390 			 */
391 			delta -= (int16_t)delta;
392 			if (delta != 0) {
393 				/*
394 				 * Build an LDAH instruction to adjust the
395 				 * high 16 bits.
396 				 */
397 				insn[insncnt++] = 0x09 << 26 | 27 << 21 |
398 				    27 << 16 | ((delta >> 16) & 0xffff);
399 				rdbg(("  LDAH $27,%d($27)",
400 				    (int16_t)(delta >> 16)));
401 			}
402 		} else {
403 			int64_t dhigh;
404 
405 			/* We must load the GOT entry. */
406 			delta = (Elf_Addr)where - stubaddr;
407 
408 			/*
409 			 * If the GOT entry is too far away from the PLT
410 			 * entry, then we can't patch up the PLT entry.
411 			 * This PLT entry will have to be bound for each
412 			 * GOT entry except for the first one.  This program
413 			 * will still run, albeit very slowly.  It is very
414 			 * unlikely that this case will ever happen in
415 			 * practice.
416 			 */
417 			if ((int32_t)delta != delta) {
418 				rdbg(("  PLT stub too far from GOT to relocate"));
419 				goto out;
420 			}
421 			dhigh = delta - (int16_t)delta;
422 			if (dhigh != 0) {
423 				/*
424 				 * Build an LDAH instruction to adjust the
425 				 * high 16 bits.
426 				 */
427 				insn[insncnt++] = 0x09 << 26 | 27 << 21 |
428 				    27 << 16 | ((dhigh >> 16) & 0xffff);
429 				rdbg(("  LDAH $27,%d($27)",
430 				    (int16_t)(dhigh >> 16)));
431 			}
432 			/* Build an LDQ to load the GOT entry. */
433 			insn[insncnt++] = 0x29 << 26 | 27 << 21 |
434 			    27 << 16 | (delta & 0xffff);
435 			rdbg(("  LDQ  $27,%d($27)",
436 			    (int16_t)delta));
437 		}
438 
439 		/*
440 		 * Now, build a JMP or BR insn to jump to the target.  If
441 		 * the displacement fits in a sign-extended 21-bit field,
442 		 * we can use the more efficient BR insn.  Otherwise, we
443 		 * have to jump indirect through PV.
444 		 */
445 		pc = stubaddr + (4 * (insncnt + 1));
446 		idisp = (int64_t)(new_value - pc) >> 2;
447 		if (-0x100000 <= idisp && idisp < 0x100000) {
448 			insn[insncnt++] = 0x30 << 26 | 31 << 21 |
449 			    (idisp & 0x1fffff);
450 			rdbg(("  BR   $31,%p", (void *)new_value));
451 		} else {
452 			insn[insncnt++] = 0x1a << 26 | 31 << 21 |
453 			    27 << 16 | (idisp & 0x3fff);
454 			rdbg(("  JMP  $31,($27),%d",
455 			    (int)(idisp & 0x3fff)));
456 		}
457 
458 		/*
459 		 * Fill in the tail of the PLT entry first, for reentrancy.
460 		 * Until we have overwritten the first insn (an unconditional
461 		 * branch), the remaining insns have no effect.
462 		 */
463 		stubptr = (uint32_t *)stubaddr;
464 		while (insncnt > 1) {
465 			insncnt--;
466 			stubptr[insncnt] = insn[insncnt];
467 		}
468 		/*
469 		 * Commit the tail of the insn sequence to memory
470 		 * before overwriting the first insn.
471 		 */
472 		__asm __volatile("wmb" ::: "memory");
473 		stubptr[0] = insn[0];
474 		/*
475 		 * I-stream will be sync'd when we either return from
476 		 * the binder (lazy bind case) or when the PLTGOT thunk
477 		 * is patched up (bind-now case).
478 		 */
479 	}
480 
481  out:
482 	return (caddr_t)new_value;
483 }
484