1.\" $NetBSD: boot.8,v 1.7 2001/12/17 06:01:23 mhitch Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991 The Regents of the University of California. 4.\" All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 7.\" the Systems Programming Group of the University of Utah Computer 8.\" Science Department. 9.\" 10.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 11.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 12.\" are met: 13.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 14.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 15.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 16.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 17.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 18.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 19.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 20.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 21.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 22.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 23.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 24.\" without specific prior written permission. 25.\" 26.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 27.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 28.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 29.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 30.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 31.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 32.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 33.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 34.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 35.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 36.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 37.\" 38.\" From: 39.\" @(#)boot_hp300.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94 40.\" 41.Dd May 8, 1997 42.Dt BOOT 8 amiga 43.Os 44.Sh NAME 45.Nm boot 46.Nd 47system bootstrapping procedures 48.Sh DESCRIPTION 49.Ss Power fail and crash recovery 50When the 51.Nx 52kernel is booted normally (using one of the two methods discussed below), 53it initializes itself and proceeds to boot the system. An automatic 54consistency check of the file systems takes place, and unless this 55fails, the system comes up to multi-user operations. The proper way 56to shut the system down is with the 57.Xr shutdown 8 58command. 59.Pp 60If the system crashes, it will enter the kernel debugger, 61.Xr ddb 4 , 62if it is configured in the kernel. If the debugger is not present, 63or the debugger is exited, the system will attempt a dump to the 64configured dump device (which will be automatically recovered with 65.Xr savecore 8 66during the next boot cycle). After the dump is complete (successful 67or not), the system will attempt a reboot. 68.Ss Booting NetBSD using the bootloader 69When a bootable 70.Nx 71partition is created by means of HDTOOLBOX or another RDB editing program 72and a bootblock has been copied there by 73.Xr installboot 8 74and the boot priority of the 75.Nx 76partion is either the highest or the 77.Nx 78partition is selected by means of the boot menu, 79the Amiga ROM will automatically start the 80.Nx 81bootloader. By default it will, after a short timeout, load the kernel image 82.Pa /netbsd 83and attempt to boot it into multi-user mode. This behaviour can be changed by 84typing in an alternate command sequence. The command line looks like: 85.Bd -ragged -offset indent 86.Ar kernel-path 87.Op Fl abknpqstvADZ 88.Op Fl c Ar model 89.Op Fl m Ar memsize 90.Op Fl n Ar memsegments 91.Op Fl I Ar mask 92.Op Fl S Ar amount 93.Op Fl T Ar amount 94.Ed 95.Pp 96.Bl -tag -width flag 97.It kernel-path 98This gives you the opportunity to boot another kernel, say: 99.Pa /netbsd.old . 100The default is 101.Pa /netbsd . 102.It Fl a 103Autoboot into multi-user mode (default). 104.It Fl b 105Ask for the root device the kernel must use. 106.It Fl c Ar model 107force machine 108.Ar model . 109Use 32000+(Qlogic chip revision) for the DraCo. 110.It Fl k 111Reserve the first 4M of fastmem. 112.It Fl m Ar memsize 113Force fastmem size to be 114.Ar memsize 115kBytes. 116.It Fl n 117maximum number of 118.Ar segments 119of memory to use, encoded as follows: 0 (default): 1 segment, 1: 1202 segments, 2: 3 or more segments. 121.It Fl p 122Select kernel load segment by priority instead of size. 123.It Fl q 124Boot in quiet mode. 125.It Fl b 126Ask for a root device 127.It Fl s 128Boot into single-user mode 129.It Fl v 130Boot in verbose mode. 131.It Fl D 132Enter the kernel debugger (best used with -S) 133.It Fl I Ar mask 134inhibit sync negotiation as follows: The 135.Ar mask 136is a bitmap expressed in C notation (e.g., 0xff) 137with 4*8bits, each bit, if set to 1, disabling sync negotiation for 138the corresponding target. Note that this only applies to (some of the) 139real SCSI busses, but not, e.g., to internal IDE. The bytes are used up 140from right to left by SCSI bus drivers using this convention. 141.It Fl S 142Load the kernel symbols 143.El 144.Ss Booting NetBSD using the loadbsd program 145When you want (or have to) start 146.Nx 147from AmigaOS, you have to use the 148.Ic loadbsd 149program that is supplied in the utils directory of the distribution. 150The loadbsd command line specification is: 151.Bd -ragged -offset indent 152.Nm loadbsd 153.Op Fl abknpstADZ 154.Op Fl c Ar model 155.Op Fl m Ar memsize 156.Op Fl n Ar memsegments 157.Op Fl I Ar mask 158.Op Fl S Ar amount 159.Op Fl T Ar amount 160.Ar kernel-path 161.Ed 162.Pp 163Description of options: 164.Bl -tag -width flag 165.It Fl a 166Autoboot into multi-user mode. 167.It Fl b 168Ask for the root device the kernel must use. 169.It Fl c 170force machine model. 171.It Fl k 172Reserve the first 4M of fastmem. 173.It Fl m 174Force fastmem size to be 175.Ar memsize 176kBytes. 177.It Fl n 178maximum number of 179.Ar segments 180of memory to use, encoded as follows: 0 (default): 1 segment, 1: 1812 segments, 2: 3 or more segments. 182.It Fl p 183Select kernel load segment by priority instead of size. 184.It Fl s 185Boot into single-user mode. 186.It Fl t 187Test loading of the kernel but don't start 188.Nx . 189.It Fl A 190enable AGA modes. 191.It Fl D 192Enter the kernel debugger after booting. Best with -S. 193.It Fl I Ar mask 194inhibit sync negotiation as follows: The 195.Ar mask 196is a bitmap expressed in hexadecimal (e.g., ff) 197with 4*8bits, each bit, if set to 1, disabling sync negotiation for 198the corresponding target. Note that this only applies to (some of the) 199real SCSI busses, but not, e.g., to internal IDE. The bytes are used up 200from right to left by SCSI bus drivers using this convention. 201.It Fl S 202include kernel debug symbols (for use by -D). 203.It Fl Z 204Force load via chip memory. Won't work if kernel is larger than the chip 205memory size or on the DraCo. 206.El 207.Pp 208Note: Because the loadbsd program can only read kernels from a AmigaOS 209filesystem, the file 210.Ar /netbsd 211is often not the same as the actual kernel booted. This can cause some 212programs to fail. However, note that you can use third-party Berkeley 213filesystems such as bffs to access the 214.Nx 215root partition from AmigaOS. 216.Sh FILES 217.Bl -tag -width /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffs -compact 218.It Pa /netbsd 219system kernel 220.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffs 221RDB device primary boot block 222.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx_fd 223floppy disk primary boot block 224.It Pa /usr/mdec/boot.amiga 225secondary bootstrap 226.It Pa /boot.amiga 227secondary bootstrap (installed) 228.El 229.Sh SEE ALSO 230.Xr ddb 4 , 231.Xr fsck_ffs 8 , 232.Xr installboot 8 , 233.Xr newfs 8 , 234.Xr savecore 8 , 235.Xr shutdown 8 236.Sh BUGS 237Due to code size restrictions, you can't currently use a old-style file 238system (created with 239.Xr newfs 8 240-O 241or with 242.Nx 0.9 ) 243with the boot block. You can use 244.Ic loadbsd 245to boot from AmigaOS, or upgrade the file system with 246.Ar fsck_ffs -c 2 . 247