man/man9/lock.9

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.Dd June 23, 2000
.Dt LOCK 9
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm lock ,
.Nm simple_lock_init ,
.Nm simple_lock ,
.Nm simple_lock_try ,
.Nm simple_unlock ,
.Nm simple_lock_freecheck ,
.Nm simple_lock_dump ,
.Nm lockinit ,
.Nm lockmgr ,
.Nm lockstatus ,
.Nm lockmgr_printinfo ,
.Nm spinlockinit ,
.Nm spinlockmgr
.Nd kernel lock functions
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Fd #include \*[Lt]sys/lock.h\*[Gt]
.Ft void
.Fn simple_lock_init "struct simplelock *slock"
.Ft void
.Fn simple_lock "struct simplelock *slock"
.Ft int
.Fn simple_lock_try "struct simplelock *slock"
.Ft void
.Fn simple_unlock "struct simplelock *slock"
.Ft void
.Fn simple_lock_freecheck "void *start" "void *end"
.Ft void
.Fn simple_lock_dump "void"
.Ft void
.Fn lockinit "struct lock *lock" "int prio" "const char *wmesg" \
"int timo" "int flags"
.Ft int
.Fn lockmgr "struct lock *lock" "u_int flags" "struct simplelock *slock"
.Ft int
.Fn lockstatus "struct lock *lock"
.Ft void
.Fn lockmgr_printinfo "struct lock *lock"
.Ft void
.Fn spinlockinit "struct lock *lock" "const char *wmesg" "int flags"
.Ft int
.Fn spinlockmgr "struct lock *lock" "u_int flags" "struct simplelock *slock"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
functions provide synchronisation in the kernel by preventing multiple
threads from simultaneously executing critical sections of code
accessing shared data.
A number of different locks are available:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width compact
.It struct simplelock
Provides a simple spinning mutex.
A processor will busy-wait while trying to acquire a simplelock.
The simplelock operations are implemented with machine-dependent
locking primitives.
.Pp
Simplelocks are usually used only by the high-level lock manager and
to protect short, critical sections of code.
Simplelocks are the only locks that can be be used inside an interrupt
handler.
For a simplelock to be used in an interrupt handler, care must be taken to
disable the interrupt, acquire the lock, do any processing, release
the simplelock and re-enable the interrupt.
This procedure is necessary to avoid deadlock between the interrupt handler
and other threads executing on the same processor.
.It struct lock
Provides a high-level lock supporting sleeping/spinning until the lock
can be acquired.
The lock manager supplies both exclusive-access and shared-access locks,
with recursive exclusive-access locks within a single thread.
It also allows upgrading a shared-access lock to an exclusive-access
lock, as well as downgrading an exclusive-access lock to a shared-access lock.
.El
.Pp
If the kernel option LOCKDEBUG is enabled, additional facilities
are provided to record additional lock information.
These facilities are provided to assist in determining deadlock occurrences.
.Sh FUNCTIONS
The functions which operate on simplelocks are:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width compact
.It Fn simple_lock_init "slock"
The simplelock
.Fa slock
is initialised to the unlocked state.
A statically allocated simplelock also can be initialised with the
macro SIMPLELOCK_INITIALIZER.
The effect is the same as the dynamic initialisation by a call to
simple_lock_init.
For example,
.Pp
struct simplelock slock = SIMPLELOCK_INITIALIZER;
.It Fn simple_lock "slock"
The simplelock
.Fa slock
is locked.
If the simplelock is held then execution will spin until the simplelock
is acquired.
Care must be taken that the calling thread does not already hold
the simplelock.
In this case, the simplelock can never be acquired.
If kernel option LOCKDEBUG is enabled, a "locking against myself" panic
will occur.
.It Fn simple_lock_try "slock"
Try to acquire the simplelock
.Fa slock
without spinning.
If the simplelock is held by another thread then the return value is 0.
If the simplelock was acquired successfully then the return value is 1.
.It Fn simple_unlock "slock"
The simplelock
.Fa slock
is unlocked.
The simplelock must be locked and the calling thread must be the one
that last acquired the simplelock.
If the calling thread does not hold the simplelock, the simplelock will
be released but the kernel behaviour is undefined.
.It Fn simple_lock_freecheck "start" "end"
Check that all simplelocks in the address range
.Fa start
to
.Fa end
are not held.
If a simplelock within the range is found, the kernel enters the debugger.
This function is available only with kernel option LOCKDEBUG.
It provides a mechanism for basic simplelock consistency checks.
.It Fn simple_lock_dump "void"
Dump the state of all simplelocks in the kernel.
This function is available only with kernel option LOCKDEBUG.
.El
.Pp
The functions which operate on locks are:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width compact
.It Fn lockinit "lock" "prio" "wmesg" "timo" "flags"
The lock
.Fa lock
is initialised according to the parameters provided.
Arguments are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width compact
.It Fa lock
The lock.
.It Fa prio
The thread priority when it is woken up after sleeping on the lock.
.It Fa wmesg
A sleep message used when a thread goes to sleep waiting for the lock, so
that the exact reason it is sleeping can easily be identified.
.It Fa timo
The maximum sleep time.
Used by
.Xr tsleep 9 .
.It Fa flags
Flags to specify the lock behaviour permanently over the lifetime of
the lock.
Valid lock flags are:
.Bl -tag -width compact
.It LK_NOWAIT
Threads should not sleep when attempting to acquire the lock.
.It LK_SLEEPFAIL
Threads should sleep, then return failure when acquiring the lock.
.It LK_CANRECURSE
Threads can acquire the lock recursively.
.El
.El
.It Fn lockmgr "lock" "flags" "slock"
Set, change or release a lock according to the parameters provided.
Arguments are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width compact
.It Fa lock
The lock.
.It Fa slock
Simplelock interlock.
If the flag LK_INTERLOCK is set in
.Fa flags ,
.Fa slock
is a simplelock held by the caller.
When the lock
.Fa lock
is acquired, the simplelock is released.
If the flag LK_INTERLOCK is not set,
.Fa slock
is ignored.
.It Fa flags
Flags to specify the lock request type.
In addition to the flags specified above, the following flags are valid:
.Bl -tag -width compact
.It LK_SHARED
Get one of many possible shared-access locks.
If a thread holding an exclusive-access lock requests a shared-access
lock, the exclusive-access lock is downgraded to a shared-access lock.
.It LK_EXCLUSIVE
Stop further shared-access locks, when they are cleared, grant a
pending upgrade if it exists, then grant an exclusive-access lock.
Only one exclusive-access lock may exist at a time, except that a
thread holding an exclusive-access lock may get additional
exclusive-access locks if it explicitly sets the LK_CANRECURSE flag in
the lock request, or if the LK_CANRECURSE flag was set when the lock
was initialised.
.It LK_UPGRADE
The thread must hold a shared-access lock that it wants to have
upgraded to an exclusive-access lock.
Other threads may get exclusive access to the protected resource between
the time that the upgrade is requested and the time that it is granted.
.It LK_EXCLUPGRADE
The thread must hold a shared-access lock that it wants to have
upgraded to an exclusive-access lock.
If the request succeeds, no other threads will have acquired exclusive
access to the protected resource between the time that the upgrade is
requested and the time that it is granted.
However, if another thread has already requested an upgrade, the request
will fail.
.It LK_DOWNGRADE
The thread must hold an exclusive-access lock that it wants to have
downgraded to a shared-access lock.
If the thread holds multiple (recursive) exclusive-access locks, they
will all be downgraded to shared-access locks.
.It LK_RELEASE
Release one instance of a lock.
.It LK_DRAIN
Wait for all activity on the lock to end, then mark it decommissioned.
This feature is used before freeing a lock that is part of a piece of
memory that is about to be freed.
.It LK_REENABLE
Lock is to be re-enabled after drain.
The LK_REENABLE flag may be set only at the release of a lock obtained
by a drain.
.It LK_SETRECURSE
Other locks while we have it OK.
.It LK_RECURSEFAIL
Attempt at recursive lock fails.
.It LK_SPIN
Lock spins instead of sleeping.
.It LK_INTERLOCK
Unlock the simplelock
.Fa slock
when the lock is acquired.
.El
.El
.It Fn lockstatus "lock"
Determine the status of lock
.Fa lock .
Returns LK_EXCLUSIVE or LK_SHARED for exclusive-access and
shared-access locks respectively.
.It Fn lockmgr_printinfo "lock"
Print out information about state of lock
.Fa lock .
.It Fn spinlockinit "lock" "wmesg" "flags"
The lock
.Fa lock
is initialised as a spinlock according to the parameters provided.
Arguments are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width compact
.It Fa lock
The lock.
.It Fa wmesg
This is a simple name for lock.
.It Fa flags
Flags to specify the lock behaviour.
Valid lock flags are the same as outlined above.
.El
.It Fn spinlockmgr "lock" "flags" "slock"
Set, change or release a lock according to the parameters provided.
Arguments are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width compact
.It Fa lock
The spin lock.
.It Fa flags
Flags to specify the lock request type.
Valid lock flags are the same as outlined above.
.It Fa slock
Simplelock interlock.
The simplelock
.Fa slock
is set by the caller.
When the lock
.Fa lock
is acquired, the simplelock is released.
.El
.El
.Sh RETURN VALUES
Successfully acquired locks return 0.
A failed lock attempt always returns a non-zero error value.
No lock is held after an error return (in particular, a failed
LK_UPGRADE or LK_FORCEUPGRADE will have released its shared-access lock).
Locks will always succeed unless one of the following is true:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EBUSY
LK_FORCEUPGRADE is requested and some other thread has already
requested a lock upgrade or LK_NOWAIT is set and a sleep would
be required.
.It Bq Er ENOLCK
LK_SLEEPFAIL is set and a sleep was done.
.It Bq Er EINTR
PCATCH is set in lock priority and a signal arrives to interrupt
a system call.
.It Bq Er ERESTART
PCATCH is set in lock priority and a signal arrives so that
the system call is restarted.
.It Bq Er EWOULDBLOCK
Non-null lock timeout and timeout expires.
.El
.Sh CODE REFERENCES
This section describes places within the
.Nx
source tree where actual code implementing or utilising the locking
framework can be found.
All pathnames are relative to
.Pa /usr/src .
.Pp
The locking framework itself is implemented within the file
.Pa sys/kern/kern_lock.c .
Data structures and function prototypes for the framework are located
in
.Pa sys/sys/lock.h .
Machine-dependent simplelock primitives are implemented within the
file
.Pa sys/arch/\*[Lt]arch\*[Gt]/include/lock.h .
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr pmap 9 ,
.Xr spl 9 ,
.Xr tsleep 9 ,
.Xr uvm 9
.Sh HISTORY
The kernel locking API first appeared in
.Bx 4.4 -lite2 .