1 /* $NetBSD: installboot.c,v 1.15 2002/08/09 10:08:13 soren Exp $ */ 2 3 /* 4 * Copyright (c) 1995 Waldi Ravens 5 * All rights reserved. 6 * 7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9 * are met: 10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 16 * must display the following acknowledgement: 17 * This product includes software developed by Waldi Ravens. 18 * 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products 19 * derived from this software without specific prior written permission 20 * 21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 22 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES 23 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 24 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 25 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 26 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 27 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 28 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 29 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF 30 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 31 */ 32 33 #include <sys/types.h> 34 #include <sys/param.h> 35 #include <sys/sysctl.h> 36 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 37 #include <unistd.h> 38 #include <string.h> 39 #include <stdlib.h> 40 #include <stdio.h> 41 #include <paths.h> 42 #include <fcntl.h> 43 #include <errno.h> 44 #include <err.h> 45 #include <limits.h> 46 #include <nlist.h> 47 #include <kvm.h> 48 49 #define DKTYPENAMES 50 #define FSTYPENAMES 51 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 52 #include <machine/ahdilabel.h> 53 54 #include "installboot.h" 55 56 static void usage __P((void)); 57 static void oscheck __P((void)); 58 static u_int abcksum __P((void *)); 59 static void setNVpref __P((void)); 60 static void setIDEpar __P((u_int8_t *, size_t)); 61 static void mkahdiboot __P((struct ahdi_root *, char *, 62 char *, daddr_t)); 63 static void mkbootblock __P((struct bootblock *, char *, 64 char *, struct disklabel *, u_int)); 65 static void install_fd __P((char *, struct disklabel *)); 66 static void install_sd __P((char *, struct disklabel *)); 67 static void install_wd __P((char *, struct disklabel *)); 68 69 static struct bootblock bootarea; 70 static struct ahdi_root ahdiboot; 71 static const char mdecpath[] = PATH_MDEC; 72 static int nowrite = 0; 73 static int verbose = 0; 74 static int trackpercyl = 0; 75 static int secpertrack = 0; 76 77 static void 78 usage () 79 { 80 fprintf(stderr, 81 "usage: installboot [options] device\n" 82 "where options are:\n" 83 "\t-N do not actually write anything on the disk\n" 84 "\t-t number of tracks per cylinder (IDE disk)\n" 85 "\t-u number of sectors per track (IDE disk)\n" 86 "\t-v verbose mode\n"); 87 exit(EXIT_FAILURE); 88 } 89 90 int 91 main (argc, argv) 92 int argc; 93 char *argv[]; 94 { 95 struct disklabel dl; 96 char *dn; 97 int fd, c; 98 99 /* check OS bootversion */ 100 oscheck(); 101 102 /* parse options */ 103 while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "Nt:u:v")) != -1) { 104 switch (c) { 105 case 'N': 106 nowrite = 1; 107 break; 108 case 't': 109 trackpercyl = atoi(optarg); 110 break; 111 case 'u': 112 secpertrack = atoi(optarg); 113 break; 114 case 'v': 115 verbose = 1; 116 break; 117 default: 118 usage(); 119 } 120 } 121 argv += optind; 122 argc -= optind; 123 if (argc != 1) 124 usage(); 125 126 /* get disk label */ 127 dn = alloca(sizeof(_PATH_DEV) + strlen(argv[0]) + 8); 128 if (!strchr(argv[0], '/')) { 129 sprintf(dn, "%sr%s%c", _PATH_DEV, argv[0], RAW_PART + 'a'); 130 fd = open(dn, O_RDONLY); 131 if (fd < 0 && errno == ENOENT) { 132 sprintf(dn, "%sr%s", _PATH_DEV, argv[0]); 133 fd = open(dn, O_RDONLY); 134 } 135 } else { 136 sprintf(dn, "%s", argv[0]); 137 fd = open(dn, O_RDONLY); 138 } 139 if (fd < 0) 140 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", dn); 141 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, &dl)) 142 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: DIOCGDINFO", dn); 143 if (close(fd)) 144 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", dn); 145 146 switch (dl.d_type) { 147 case DTYPE_FLOPPY: 148 install_fd(dn, &dl); 149 break; 150 case DTYPE_ST506: 151 case DTYPE_ESDI: 152 install_wd(dn, &dl); 153 setNVpref(); 154 break; 155 case DTYPE_SCSI: 156 install_sd(dn, &dl); 157 setNVpref(); 158 break; 159 default: 160 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, 161 "%s: %s: Device type not supported.", 162 dn, dktypenames[dl.d_type]); 163 } 164 165 return(EXIT_SUCCESS); 166 } 167 168 static void 169 oscheck () 170 { 171 struct nlist kbv[] = { { "_bootversion" }, 172 { NULL } }; 173 kvm_t *kd_kern; 174 char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX]; 175 u_short kvers; 176 struct stat sb; 177 178 if (stat(_PATH_UNIX, &sb) < 0) { 179 warnx("Cannot stat %s, no bootversion check done", _PATH_UNIX); 180 return; 181 } 182 183 kd_kern = kvm_openfiles(NULL, NULL, NULL, O_RDONLY, errbuf); 184 if (kd_kern == NULL) 185 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "kvm_openfiles: %s", errbuf); 186 if (kvm_nlist(kd_kern, kbv) == -1) 187 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "kvm_nlist: %s", kvm_geterr(kd_kern)); 188 if (kbv[0].n_value == 0) 189 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s not in namelist", kbv[0].n_name); 190 if (kvm_read(kd_kern, kbv[0].n_value, (char *)&kvers, 191 sizeof(kvers)) == -1) 192 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "kvm_read: %s", kvm_geterr(kd_kern)); 193 kvm_close(kd_kern); 194 if (kvers != BOOTVERSION) 195 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Kern bootversion: %d, expected: %d", 196 kvers, BOOTVERSION); 197 } 198 199 static void 200 install_fd (devnm, label) 201 char *devnm; 202 struct disklabel *label; 203 { 204 char *xxboot, *bootxx; 205 struct partition *rootpart; 206 207 if (label->d_secsize != 512) 208 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, 209 "%s: %u: Block size not supported.", devnm, 210 label->d_secsize); 211 if (label->d_ntracks != 2) 212 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, 213 "%s: Single sided floppy not supported.", devnm); 214 215 xxboot = alloca(strlen(mdecpath) + 8); 216 sprintf(xxboot, "%sfdboot", mdecpath); 217 bootxx = alloca(strlen(mdecpath) + 8); 218 sprintf(bootxx, "%sbootxx", mdecpath); 219 220 /* first used partition (a, b or c) */ /* XXX */ 221 for (rootpart = label->d_partitions; ; ++rootpart) { 222 if (rootpart->p_size) 223 break; 224 } 225 if (rootpart != label->d_partitions) { /* XXX */ 226 *(label->d_partitions) = *rootpart; 227 memset(rootpart, 0, sizeof(*rootpart)); 228 } 229 label->d_partitions->p_fstype = FS_BSDFFS; /* XXX */ 230 label->d_npartitions = 1; 231 label->d_checksum = 0; 232 label->d_checksum = dkcksum(label); 233 234 trackpercyl = secpertrack = 0; 235 mkbootblock(&bootarea, xxboot, bootxx, label, 0); 236 237 if (!nowrite) { 238 int fd; 239 if ((fd = open(devnm, O_WRONLY)) < 0) 240 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", devnm); 241 if (write(fd, &bootarea, sizeof(bootarea)) != sizeof(bootarea)) 242 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", devnm); 243 if (close(fd)) 244 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", devnm); 245 if (verbose) 246 printf("Boot block installed on %s\n", devnm); 247 } 248 } 249 250 static void 251 install_sd (devnm, label) 252 char *devnm; 253 struct disklabel *label; 254 { 255 char *xxb00t, *xxboot, *bootxx; 256 struct disklabel rawlabel; 257 daddr_t bbsec; 258 u_int magic; 259 260 if (label->d_partitions[0].p_size == 0) 261 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: No root-filesystem.", devnm); 262 if (label->d_partitions[0].p_fstype != FS_BSDFFS) 263 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: %s: Illegal root-filesystem type.", 264 devnm, fstypenames[label->d_partitions[0].p_fstype]); 265 266 bbsec = readdisklabel(devnm, &rawlabel); 267 if (bbsec == NO_BOOT_BLOCK) 268 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: No NetBSD boot block.", devnm); 269 if (memcmp(label, &rawlabel, sizeof(*label))) 270 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: Invalid NetBSD boot block.", devnm); 271 272 if (bbsec) { 273 xxb00t = alloca(strlen(mdecpath) + 14); 274 sprintf(xxb00t, "%ssdb00t.ahdi", mdecpath); 275 xxboot = alloca(strlen(mdecpath) + 14); 276 sprintf(xxboot, "%sxxboot.ahdi", mdecpath); 277 magic = AHDIMAGIC; 278 } else { 279 xxb00t = NULL; 280 xxboot = alloca(strlen(mdecpath) + 8); 281 sprintf(xxboot, "%ssdboot", mdecpath); 282 magic = NBDAMAGIC; 283 } 284 bootxx = alloca(strlen(mdecpath) + 8); 285 sprintf(bootxx, "%sbootxx", mdecpath); 286 287 trackpercyl = secpertrack = 0; 288 if (xxb00t) 289 mkahdiboot(&ahdiboot, xxb00t, devnm, bbsec); 290 mkbootblock(&bootarea, xxboot, bootxx, label, magic); 291 292 if (!nowrite) { 293 off_t bbo = bbsec * AHDI_BSIZE; 294 int fd; 295 296 if ((fd = open(devnm, O_WRONLY)) < 0) 297 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", devnm); 298 if (lseek(fd, bbo, SEEK_SET) != bbo) 299 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", devnm); 300 if (write(fd, &bootarea, sizeof(bootarea)) != sizeof(bootarea)) 301 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", devnm); 302 if (verbose) 303 printf("Boot block installed on %s (%u)\n", devnm, 304 bbsec); 305 if (xxb00t) { 306 if (lseek(fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_SET) != 0) 307 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", devnm); 308 if (write(fd, &ahdiboot, sizeof(ahdiboot)) != sizeof(ahdiboot)) 309 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", devnm); 310 if (verbose) 311 printf("AHDI root installed on %s (0)\n", 312 devnm); 313 } 314 if (close(fd)) 315 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", devnm); 316 } 317 } 318 319 static void 320 install_wd (devnm, label) 321 char *devnm; 322 struct disklabel *label; 323 { 324 char *xxb00t, *xxboot, *bootxx; 325 struct disklabel rawlabel; 326 daddr_t bbsec; 327 u_int magic; 328 329 if (label->d_partitions[0].p_size == 0) 330 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: No root-filesystem.", devnm); 331 if (label->d_partitions[0].p_fstype != FS_BSDFFS) 332 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: %s: Illegal root-filesystem type.", 333 devnm, fstypenames[label->d_partitions[0].p_fstype]); 334 335 bbsec = readdisklabel(devnm, &rawlabel); 336 if (bbsec == NO_BOOT_BLOCK) 337 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: No NetBSD boot block.", devnm); 338 if (memcmp(label, &rawlabel, sizeof(*label))) 339 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: Invalid NetBSD boot block.", devnm); 340 341 if (bbsec) { 342 xxb00t = alloca(strlen(mdecpath) + 14); 343 sprintf(xxb00t, "%swdb00t.ahdi", mdecpath); 344 xxboot = alloca(strlen(mdecpath) + 14); 345 sprintf(xxboot, "%sxxboot.ahdi", mdecpath); 346 magic = AHDIMAGIC; 347 } else { 348 xxb00t = NULL; 349 xxboot = alloca(strlen(mdecpath) + 8); 350 sprintf(xxboot, "%swdboot", mdecpath); 351 magic = NBDAMAGIC; 352 } 353 bootxx = alloca(strlen(mdecpath) + 8); 354 sprintf(bootxx, "%sbootxx", mdecpath); 355 356 if (xxb00t) 357 mkahdiboot(&ahdiboot, xxb00t, devnm, bbsec); 358 mkbootblock(&bootarea, xxboot, bootxx, label, magic); 359 360 if (!nowrite) { 361 int fd; 362 off_t bbo; 363 364 bbo = bbsec * AHDI_BSIZE; 365 if ((fd = open(devnm, O_WRONLY)) < 0) 366 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", devnm); 367 if (lseek(fd, bbo, SEEK_SET) != bbo) 368 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", devnm); 369 if (write(fd, &bootarea, sizeof(bootarea)) != sizeof(bootarea)) 370 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", devnm); 371 if (verbose) 372 printf("Boot block installed on %s (%u)\n", devnm, 373 bbsec); 374 if (xxb00t) { 375 if (lseek(fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_SET) != 0) 376 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", devnm); 377 if (write(fd, &ahdiboot, sizeof(ahdiboot)) 378 != sizeof(ahdiboot)) 379 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", devnm); 380 if (verbose) 381 printf("AHDI root installed on %s (0)\n", 382 devnm); 383 } 384 if (close(fd)) 385 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", devnm); 386 } 387 } 388 389 static void 390 mkahdiboot (newroot, xxb00t, devnm, bbsec) 391 struct ahdi_root *newroot; 392 char *xxb00t, 393 *devnm; 394 daddr_t bbsec; 395 { 396 struct ahdi_root tmproot; 397 struct ahdi_part *pd; 398 int fd; 399 400 /* read prototype root-sector */ 401 if ((fd = open(xxb00t, O_RDONLY)) < 0) 402 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", xxb00t); 403 if (read(fd, &tmproot, sizeof(tmproot)) != sizeof(tmproot)) 404 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", xxb00t); 405 if (close(fd)) 406 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", xxb00t); 407 408 /* set tracks/cylinder and sectors/track */ 409 setIDEpar(tmproot.ar_fill, sizeof(tmproot.ar_fill)); 410 411 /* read current root-sector */ 412 if ((fd = open(devnm, O_RDONLY)) < 0) 413 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", devnm); 414 if (read(fd, newroot, sizeof(*newroot)) != sizeof(*newroot)) 415 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", devnm); 416 if (close(fd)) 417 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", devnm); 418 419 /* set bootflags */ 420 for (pd = newroot->ar_parts; pd-newroot->ar_parts < AHDI_MAXRPD; ++pd) { 421 if (pd->ap_st == bbsec) { 422 pd->ap_flg = 0x21; /* bootable, pref = NetBSD */ 423 goto gotit; 424 } 425 } 426 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, 427 "%s: NetBSD boot block not on primary AHDI partition.", devnm); 428 429 gotit: /* copy code from prototype and set new checksum */ 430 memcpy(newroot->ar_fill, tmproot.ar_fill, sizeof(tmproot.ar_fill)); 431 newroot->ar_checksum = 0; 432 newroot->ar_checksum = 0x1234 - abcksum(newroot); 433 434 if (verbose) 435 printf("AHDI boot loader: %s\n", xxb00t); 436 } 437 438 static void 439 mkbootblock (bb, xxb, bxx, label, magic) 440 struct bootblock *bb; 441 char *xxb, 442 *bxx; 443 u_int magic; 444 struct disklabel *label; 445 { 446 int fd; 447 448 memset(bb, 0, sizeof(*bb)); 449 450 /* set boot block magic */ 451 bb->bb_magic = magic; 452 453 /* set disk pack label */ 454 BBSETLABEL(bb, label); 455 456 /* set second-stage boot loader */ 457 if ((fd = open(bxx, O_RDONLY)) < 0) 458 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", bxx); 459 if (read(fd, bb->bb_bootxx, sizeof(bb->bb_bootxx)) 460 != sizeof(bb->bb_bootxx)) 461 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", bxx); 462 if (close(fd)) 463 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", bxx); 464 465 /* set first-stage bootloader */ 466 if ((fd = open(xxb, O_RDONLY)) < 0) 467 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", xxb); 468 if (read(fd, bb->bb_xxboot, sizeof(bb->bb_xxboot)) 469 != sizeof(bb->bb_xxboot)) 470 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", xxb); 471 if (close(fd)) 472 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", xxb); 473 474 /* set tracks/cylinder and sectors/track */ 475 setIDEpar(bb->bb_xxboot, sizeof(bb->bb_xxboot)); 476 477 /* set AHDI checksum */ 478 *((u_int16_t *)bb->bb_xxboot + 255) = 0; 479 *((u_int16_t *)bb->bb_xxboot + 255) = 0x1234 - abcksum(bb->bb_xxboot); 480 481 if (verbose) { 482 printf("Primary boot loader: %s\n", xxb); 483 printf("Secondary boot loader: %s\n", bxx); 484 } 485 } 486 487 static void 488 setIDEpar (start, size) 489 u_int8_t *start; 490 size_t size; 491 { 492 static const u_int8_t mark[] = { 'N', 'e', 't', 'B', 'S', 'D' }; 493 494 if ((u_int)trackpercyl > 255) 495 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, 496 "%d: Illegal tracks/cylinder value (1..255)", trackpercyl); 497 if ((u_int)secpertrack > 255) 498 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, 499 "%d: Illegal sectors/track value (1..255)", secpertrack); 500 501 if (trackpercyl || secpertrack) { 502 u_int8_t *p; 503 504 if (!trackpercyl) 505 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Need tracks/cylinder too."); 506 if (!secpertrack) 507 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Need sectors/track too."); 508 509 start += 2; 510 size -= sizeof(mark) + 2; 511 for (p = start + size; p >= start; --p) { 512 if (*p != *mark) 513 continue; 514 if (!memcmp(p, mark, sizeof(mark))) 515 break; 516 } 517 if (p < start) 518 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, 519 "Malformatted xxboot prototype."); 520 521 *--p = secpertrack; 522 *--p = trackpercyl; 523 524 if (verbose) { 525 printf("sectors/track : %d\n", secpertrack); 526 printf("tracks/cylinder: %d\n", trackpercyl); 527 } 528 } 529 } 530 531 static void 532 setNVpref () 533 { 534 static const u_char bootpref = BOOTPREF_NETBSD; 535 static const char nvrdev[] = PATH_NVRAM; 536 537 if (!nowrite) { 538 int fd; 539 540 if ((fd = open(nvrdev, O_RDWR)) < 0) 541 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", nvrdev); 542 if (lseek(fd, (off_t)1, SEEK_SET) != 1) 543 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", nvrdev); 544 if (write(fd, &bootpref, (size_t)1) != 1) 545 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", nvrdev); 546 if (close(fd)) 547 err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s", nvrdev); 548 if (verbose) 549 printf("Boot preference set to NetBSD.\n"); 550 } 551 } 552 553 static u_int 554 abcksum (bs) 555 void *bs; 556 { 557 u_int16_t sum = 0, 558 *st = (u_int16_t *)bs, 559 *end = (u_int16_t *)bs + 256; 560 561 while (st < end) 562 sum += *st++; 563 return(sum); 564 } 565