usr.bin/at/at.1

.\" $NetBSD: at.1,v 1.18 2002/02/08 01:36:18 ross Exp $
.\" $OpenBSD: at.1,v 1.6 1998/06/05 00:47:46 deraadt Exp $
.\" $FreeBSD: at.man,v 1.6 1997/02/22 19:54:05 peter Exp $
.Dd October 15, 2000
.Dt AT 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm at ,
.Nm batch ,
.Nm atq ,
.Nm atrm
.Nd queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm at
.Op Fl V
.Op Fl q Ar queue
.Op Fl f Ar file
.Op Fl mldrbv
.Fl t Ar [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.SS]
.Nm ""
.Op Fl V
.Op Fl q Ar queue
.Op Fl f Ar file
.Op Fl mldrbv
.Ar time
.Nm ""
.Op Fl V
.Fl c Ar job Op Ar job ...
.Nm atq
.Op Fl V
.Op Fl q Ar queue
.Op Fl v
.Nm atrm
.Op Fl V
.Ar job
.Op Ar job ...
.Nm batch
.Op Fl V
.Op Fl q Ar queue
.Op Fl f Ar file
.Op Fl mv
.Op Fl t Ar [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.SS]
.Nm batch
.Op Fl V
.Op Fl q Ar queue
.Op Fl f Ar file
.Op Fl mv
.Op Ar time
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
and
.Nm batch
read commands from standard input or a specified file which
are to be executed at a later time, using
.Xr sh 1 .
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Nm at
Executes commands at a specified time.
.It Nm atq
Lists the user's pending jobs, unless the user is the superuser.
In that case, everybody's jobs are listed.
.It Nm atrm
Deletes jobs.
.It Nm batch
Executes commands when system load levels permit.  In other words, when
the load average drops below 1.5, or the value specified in the invocation of
.Xr atrun 8 .
.El
.Pp
.Nm
allows some moderately complex
.Ar time
specifications.  It accepts times of the form
.Ar HHMM
or
.Ar HH:MM
to run a job at a specific time of day.
(If that time is already past, the next day is assumed.)
You may also specify
.Sq midnight ,
.Sq noon ,
or
.Sq teatime
(4pm)
and you can have a time-of-day suffixed with
.Sq AM
or
.Sq PM
for running in the morning or the evening.
You can also say what day the job will be run,
by giving a date in the form
.Ar \%month-name day
with an optional
.Ar year ,
or giving a date of the form
.Ar MMDDYY
or
.Ar MM/DD/YY
or
.Ar DD.MM.YY .
The specification of a date must follow the specification of
the time of day.
You can also give times like
.Op Nm now
.Sq + Ar count \%time-units ,
where the time-units can be
.Sq minutes ,
.Sq hours ,
.Sq days ,
or
.Sq weeks
and you can tell
.Nm
to run the job today by suffixing the time with
.Sq today
and to run the job tomorrow by suffixing the time with
.Sq tomorrow .
.Pp
For example, to run a job at 4pm three days from now, you would do
.Dl at 4pm + 3 days ,
to run a job at 10:00am on July 31, you would do
.Dl at 10am Jul 31
and to run a job at 1am tomorrow, you would do
.Dl at 1am tomorrow .
.Pp
Alternatively the time may be specified in a language-neutral fashion
by using the
.Fl t
options.
.Pp
For both
.Nm
and
.Nm batch ,
commands are read from standard input or the file specified
with the
.Fl f
option and executed.
The working directory, the environment (except for the variables
.Ev TERM ,
.Ev TERMCAP ,
.Ev DISPLAY
and
.Ev _ )
and the
.Ar umask
are retained from the time of invocation.
An
.Nm
or
.Nm batch
command invoked from a
.Xr su 1
shell will retain the current userid.
The user will be mailed standard error and standard output from his
commands, if any. Mail will be sent using the command
.Xr sendmail 8 .
If
.Nm
is executed from a
.Xr su 1
shell, the owner of the login shell will receive the mail.
.Pp
The superuser may use these commands in any case.
For other users, permission to use at is determined by the files
.Pa /var/at/at.allow
and
.Pa /var/at/at.deny .
.Pp
If the file
.Pa /var/at/at.allow
exists, only usernames mentioned in it are allowed to use
.Nm "" .
.Pp
If
.Pa /var/at/at.allow
does not exist,
.Pa /var/at/at.deny
is checked, every username not mentioned in it is then allowed
to use
.Nm "" .
.Pp
If neither exists, only the superuser is allowed use of
.Nm "" .
.Pp
An empty
.Pa /var/at/at.deny
means that every user is allowed use these commands.
This is the default configuration.
.Sh OPTIONS
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl V
Prints the version number to standard error.
.It Fl t
For both
.Nm
and
.Nm batch ,
the time may be specified in a language-neutral format consisting of:
.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent
.It Ar CC
The first two digits of the year (the century).
.It Ar YY
The second two digits of the year.  If
.Ar YY
is specified, but
.Ar CC
is not, a value for
.Ar YY
between 69 and 99 results in a
.Ar CC
value of 19.  Otherwise, a
.Ar CC
value of 20 is used.
.It Ar MM
The month of the year, from 01 to 12.
.It Ar DD
The day of the month, from 01 to 31.
.It Ar hh
The hour of the day, from 00 to 23.
.It Ar mm
The minute of the hour, from 00 to 59.
.It Ar SS
The second of the minute, from 00 to 61.
.El
.It Fl q Ar queue
Uses the specified queue.
A queue designation consists of a single letter.  Valid queue designations
range from
.Sq a
to
.Sq z
and
.Sq A
to
.Sq Z .
The
.Sq c
queue is the default for
.Nm
and the
.Sq E
queue for
.Nm batch .
Queues with higher letters run with increased niceness.
If a job is submitted to a queue designated with an uppercase letter, it
is treated as if it had been submitted to batch at that time.
If
.Nm atq
is given a specific queue, it will only show jobs pending in that queue.
.It Fl m
Send mail to the user when the job has completed even if there was no
output.
.It Fl f Ar file
Reads the job from
.Ar file
rather than standard input.
.It Fl l
Is an alias for
.Nm atq .
.It Fl d
Is an alias for
.Nm atrm .
.It Fl r
Is an alias for
.Nm atrm .
.It Fl b
Is an alias for
.Nm batch .
.It Fl v
For
.Nm atq ,
shows completed but not yet deleted jobs in the queue.  Otherwise
shows the time the job will be executed.
.It Fl c
Cats the jobs listed on the command line to standard output.
.El
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /var/at/.lockfile -compact
.It Pa /var/at/jobs
Directory containing job files
.It Pa /var/at/spool
Directory containing output spool files
.It Pa /var/run/utmp
Login records
.It Pa /var/at/at.allow
Allow permission control
.It Pa /var/at/at.deny
Deny permission control
.It Pa /var/at/.lockfile
Job-creation lock file.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr nice 1 ,
.Xr sh 1 ,
.Xr umask 2 ,
.Xr atrun 8 ,
.Xr cron 8 ,
.Xr sendmail 8
.Sh STANDARDS
The
.Nm
and
.Nm batch
utilities conform to
.St -p1003.2-92 .
.Sh AUTHORS
At was mostly written by Thomas Koenig \*[Lt]ig25@rz.uni-karlsruhe.de\*[Gt].
The time parsing routines are by David Parsons \*[Lt]orc@pell.chi.il.us\*[Gt].
.Sh BUGS
If the file
.Pa /var/run/utmp
is not available or corrupted, or if the user is not logged on at the
time
.Nm
is invoked, the mail is sent to the userid found
in the environment variable
.Ev LOGNAME .
If that is undefined or empty, the current userid is assumed.
.Pp
.Nm
and
.Nm batch
as presently implemented are not suitable when users are competing for
resources.
If this is the case for your site, you might want to consider another
batch system, such as
.Ic nqs .