1.\" $NetBSD: last.1,v 1.8 2001/08/21 23:55:25 simonb Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993 4.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 15.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 16.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 17.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 18.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 19.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 20.\" without specific prior written permission. 21.\" 22.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 23.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 24.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 25.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 26.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 27.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 28.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 29.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 30.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 31.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 32.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 33.\" 34.\" @(#)last.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 35.\" 36.Dd June 6, 1993 37.Dt LAST 1 38.Os 39.Sh NAME 40.Nm last 41.Nd indicate last logins of users and ttys 42.Sh SYNOPSIS 43.Nm 44.Op Fl Ns Ar n 45.Op Fl T 46.Op Fl f Ar file 47.Op Fl h Ar host 48.Op Fl t Ar tty 49.Op user ... 50.Sh DESCRIPTION 51.Nm 52will list the sessions of specified 53.Ar users , 54.Ar ttys , 55and 56.Ar hosts , 57in reverse time order. Each line of output contains 58the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any 59hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration 60of the session. If the session is still continuing or was cut short by 61a crash or shutdown, 62.Nm 63will so indicate. 64.Pp 65.Bl -tag -width indent-two 66.It Fl f Ar file 67.Nm 68reads the file 69.Ar file 70instead of the default, 71.Pa /var/log/wtmp . 72.It Fl Ar n 73Limits the report to 74.Ar n 75lines. 76.It Fl t Ar tty 77Specify the 78.Ar tty . 79Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example, 80.Dq Li "last -t 03" 81is 82equivalent to 83.Dq Li "last -t tty03" . 84.It Fl h Ar host 85.Ar Host 86names may be names or internet numbers. 87.It Fl T 88Display better time information, including the year and seconds. 89.El 90.Pp 91If 92multiple arguments are given, the information which applies to any of the 93arguments is printed, e.g., 94.Dq Li "last root -t console" 95would list all of 96.Dq Li root Ns 's 97sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal. If no 98users, hostnames or terminals are specified, 99.Nm 100prints a record of 101all logins and logouts. 102.Pp 103The pseudo-user 104.Ar reboot 105logs in at reboots of the system, thus 106.Dq Li last reboot 107will give an indication of mean time between reboot. 108.Pp 109If 110.Nm 111is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has 112progressed. If interrupted with a quit signal 113.Nm 114indicates how 115far the search has progressed and then continues. 116.Sh FILES 117.Bl -tag -width /var/log/wtmp -compact 118.It Pa /var/log/wtmp 119login data base 120.El 121.Sh SEE ALSO 122.Xr lastcomm 1 , 123.Xr utmp 5 , 124.Xr ac 8 125.Sh HISTORY 126.Nm 127appeared in 128.Bx 3.0 . 129