1.\" $NetBSD: last.1,v 1.9 2002/09/30 11:09:04 grant Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993 4.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 15.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 16.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 17.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 18.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 19.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 20.\" without specific prior written permission. 21.\" 22.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 23.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 24.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 25.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 26.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 27.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 28.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 29.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 30.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 31.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 32.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 33.\" 34.\" @(#)last.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 35.\" 36.Dd June 6, 1993 37.Dt LAST 1 38.Os 39.Sh NAME 40.Nm last 41.Nd indicate last logins of users and ttys 42.Sh SYNOPSIS 43.Nm 44.Op Fl Ns Ar n 45.Op Fl T 46.Op Fl f Ar file 47.Op Fl h Ar host 48.Op Fl t Ar tty 49.Op user ... 50.Sh DESCRIPTION 51.Nm 52will list the sessions of specified 53.Ar users , 54.Ar ttys , 55and 56.Ar hosts , 57in reverse time order. 58Each line of output contains 59the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any 60hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration 61of the session. 62If the session is still continuing or was cut short by 63a crash or shutdown, 64.Nm 65will so indicate. 66.Pp 67.Bl -tag -width indent-two 68.It Fl f Ar file 69.Nm 70reads the file 71.Ar file 72instead of the default, 73.Pa /var/log/wtmp . 74.It Fl Ar n 75Limits the report to 76.Ar n 77lines. 78.It Fl t Ar tty 79Specify the 80.Ar tty . 81Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example, 82.Dq Li "last -t 03" 83is 84equivalent to 85.Dq Li "last -t tty03" . 86.It Fl h Ar host 87.Ar Host 88names may be names or internet numbers. 89.It Fl T 90Display better time information, including the year and seconds. 91.El 92.Pp 93If 94multiple arguments are given, the information which applies to any of the 95arguments is printed, e.g., 96.Dq Li "last root -t console" 97would list all of 98.Dq Li root Ns 's 99sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal. 100If no users, hostnames or terminals are specified, 101.Nm 102prints a record of 103all logins and logouts. 104.Pp 105The pseudo-user 106.Ar reboot 107logs in at reboots of the system, thus 108.Dq Li last reboot 109will give an indication of mean time between reboot. 110.Pp 111If 112.Nm 113is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has 114progressed. 115If interrupted with a quit signal 116.Nm 117indicates how 118far the search has progressed and then continues. 119.Sh FILES 120.Bl -tag -width /var/log/wtmp -compact 121.It Pa /var/log/wtmp 122login data base 123.El 124.Sh SEE ALSO 125.Xr lastcomm 1 , 126.Xr utmp 5 , 127.Xr ac 8 128.Sh HISTORY 129.Nm 130appeared in 131.Bx 3.0 . 132