1.\" $NetBSD: ldd.1,v 1.18 2009/09/07 20:06:21 wiz Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1998 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. 4.\" All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation 7.\" by Paul Kranenburg. 8.\" 9.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 10.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 11.\" are met: 12.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 14.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 15.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 16.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 17.\" 18.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS 19.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED 20.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 21.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS 22.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 23.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 24.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 25.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 26.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 27.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 28.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 29.\" 30.Dd September 7, 2009 31.Dt LDD 1 32.Os 33.Sh NAME 34.Nm ldd 35.Nd list dynamic object dependencies 36.Sh SYNOPSIS 37.Nm 38.Op Fl o 39.Op Fl f Ar format 40.Ar program ... 41.Sh DESCRIPTION 42.Nm 43displays all shared objects that are needed to run the given program. 44Contrary to 45.Xr nm 1 , 46the list includes 47.Dq indirect 48dependencies that are the result of needed shared objects which themselves 49depend on yet other shared objects. 50Zero, one or two 51.Fl f 52options may be given. 53The argument is a format string passed to 54.Xr rtld 1 55and allows customization of 56.Nm ldd Ns 's 57output. 58The first format argument is used for library objects and defaults to 59.Qq "\et-l%o.%m =\*[Gt] %p\en" . 60The second format argument is used for non-library objects and defaults to 61.Qq "\et%o =\*[Gt] %p\en" . 62.Pp 63These arguments are interpreted as format strings a la 64.Xr printf 3 65to customize the trace output and allow 66.Nm 67to be operated as a filter more conveniently. 68The following conversions can be used: 69.Bl -tag -width xxxx 70.It \&%a 71The main program's name 72.Po also known as 73.Dq __progname 74.Pc . 75.It \&%A 76The value of the environment variable 77.Ev LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS_PROGNAME 78in a.out and the program name from the argument vector from elf. 79.It \&%o 80The library name. 81.It \&%m 82The library's major version number. 83.It \&%n 84The library's minor version number (a.out only, ignored in elf). 85.It \&%p 86The full pathname as determined by 87.Nm rtld Ns 's 88library search rules. 89.It \&%x 90The library's load address 91.El 92.Pp 93Additionally, 94.Sy \en 95and 96.Sy \et 97are recognized and have their usual meaning. 98.Pp 99The 100.Fl o 101option is an alias for 102.Fl f 103.Ar \&%a:-l\&%o.\&%m =\*[Gt] \&%p\en , 104which makes 105.Nm 106behave analogously to 107.Ic nm Fl o . 108.Sh SEE ALSO 109.Xr ld 1 , 110.Xr ld.elf_so 1 , 111.Xr nm 1 , 112.Xr rtld 1 113.Sh HISTORY 114A 115.Nm 116utility first appeared in SunOS 4.0, it appeared in its current form 117in 118.Nx 0.9a . 119.Sh BUGS 120The 121a.out 122.Nm 123actually runs the program it has been requested to analyze which in specially 124constructed environments can have security implications. 125