1.\" $NetBSD: time.1,v 1.15 2002/02/08 01:36:34 ross Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993 4.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 15.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 16.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 17.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 18.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 19.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 20.\" without specific prior written permission. 21.\" 22.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 23.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 24.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 25.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 26.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 27.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 28.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 29.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 30.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 31.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 32.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 33.\" 34.\" @(#)time.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 35.\" 36.Dd June 6, 1993 37.Dt TIME 1 38.Os 39.Sh NAME 40.Nm time 41.Nd time command execution 42.Sh SYNOPSIS 43.Nm 44.Op Fl lp 45.Ar utility 46.Op Ar argument ... 47.Sh DESCRIPTION 48The 49.Nm 50utility 51executes and 52times 53.Ar utility . 54After the 55.Ar utility 56finishes, 57.Nm 58writes the total time elapsed, 59the time consumed by system overhead, 60and the time used to execute 61.Ar utility 62to the standard error stream. 63Times are reported in seconds. 64.Pp 65Available options: 66.Bl -tag -width Ds 67.It Fl l 68Lists resource utilization information. 69The contents of the 70.Ar utility 71process' 72.Em rusage 73structure are printed, see below. 74.It Fl p 75The output is formatted as specified by 76.St -p1003.2-92 . 77.El 78.Pp 79Some shells, such as 80.Xr csh 1 81and 82.Xr ksh 1 "" , 83have their own and syntactically different builtin version of 84.Nm "" . 85The utility described here 86is available as 87.Pa /usr/bin/time 88to users of these shells. 89.Ss Resource Utilization 90If the 91.Fl l 92option is given, the following resource usage 93informations are displayed 94in addition to the timing information: 95.Bl -item -offset indent -compact 96.It 97maximum resident set size 98.It 99average shared memory size 100.It 101average unshared data size 102.It 103average unshared stack size 104.It 105page reclaims 106.It 107page faults 108.It 109swaps 110.It 111block input operations 112.It 113block output operations 114.It 115messages sent 116.It 117messages received 118.It 119signals received 120.It 121voluntary context switches 122.It 123involuntary context switches 124.El 125.Sh EXIT STATUS 126The 127.Nm 128utility exits with one of the following values: 129.Bl -tag -width indent 130.It 1-125 131An error occurred in the 132.Nm 133utility. 134.It 126 135The 136.Ar utility 137was found but could not be invoked. 138.It 127 139The 140.Ar utility 141could not be found. 142.El 143.Pp 144Otherwise, the exit status of 145.Nm 146will be that of 147.Ar utility . 148.Sh FILES 149.Bl -tag -width \*[Lt]sys/resource.h\*[Gt] -compact 150.It \*[Lt]sys/resource.h\*[Gt] 151.El 152.Sh SEE ALSO 153.Xr csh 1 , 154.Xr ksh 1 , 155.Xr getrusage 2 156.Sh STANDARDS 157The 158.Nm 159utility conforms to 160.St -p1003.2-92 . 161.Sh BUGS 162The granularity of seconds on microprocessors is crude and 163can result in times being reported for CPU usage which are too large by 164a second. 165