1 /* $NetBSD: bad144.c,v 1.15 1998/10/20 01:48:14 matt Exp $ */ 2 3 /* 4 * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1988, 1993 5 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 6 * 7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9 * are met: 10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 16 * must display the following acknowledgement: 17 * This product includes software developed by the University of 18 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 19 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 20 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 21 * without specific prior written permission. 22 * 23 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 24 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 25 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 26 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 27 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 28 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 29 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 30 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 31 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 32 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 33 * SUCH DAMAGE. 34 */ 35 36 #include <sys/cdefs.h> 37 #ifndef lint 38 __COPYRIGHT("@(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1988, 1993\n\ 39 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"); 40 #endif /* not lint */ 41 42 #ifndef lint 43 #if 0 44 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)bad144.c 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/27/95"; 45 #else 46 __RCSID("$NetBSD: bad144.c,v 1.15 1998/10/20 01:48:14 matt Exp $"); 47 #endif 48 #endif /* not lint */ 49 50 /* 51 * bad144 52 * 53 * This program prints and/or initializes a bad block record for a pack, 54 * in the format used by the DEC standard 144. 55 * It can also add bad sector(s) to the record, moving the sector 56 * replacements as necessary. 57 * 58 * It is preferable to write the bad information with a standard formatter, 59 * but this program will do. 60 * 61 * RP06 sectors are marked as bad by inverting the format bit in the 62 * header; on other drives the valid-sector bit is cleared. 63 */ 64 #include <sys/param.h> 65 #include <sys/dkbad.h> 66 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 67 #include <sys/file.h> 68 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 69 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h> 70 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 71 72 #include <err.h> 73 #include <paths.h> 74 #include <stdio.h> 75 #include <stdlib.h> 76 #include <string.h> 77 #include <unistd.h> 78 #include <util.h> 79 80 #define RETRIES 10 /* number of retries on reading old sectors */ 81 82 int fflag, add, copy, verbose, nflag; 83 int dups; 84 int badfile = -1; /* copy of badsector table to use, -1 if any */ 85 #define MAXSECSIZE 1024 86 struct dkbad curbad, oldbad; 87 #define DKBAD_MAGIC 0x4321 88 89 char label[BBSIZE]; 90 daddr_t size; 91 struct disklabel *dp; 92 char name[BUFSIZ]; 93 94 daddr_t badsn __P((const struct bt_bad *)); 95 int blkcopy __P((int, daddr_t, daddr_t)); 96 void blkzero __P((int, daddr_t)); 97 int checkold __P((void)); 98 int compare __P((const void *, const void *)); 99 daddr_t getold __P((int, struct dkbad *)); 100 int main __P((int, char **)); 101 void shift __P((int, int, int)); 102 103 int 104 main(argc, argv) 105 int argc; 106 char *argv[]; 107 { 108 struct bt_bad *bt; 109 daddr_t sn, bn[126]; 110 int i, f, nbad, new, bad, errs; 111 char diskname[MAXPATHLEN]; 112 113 argc--, argv++; 114 while (argc > 0 && **argv == '-') { 115 (*argv)++; 116 while (**argv) { 117 switch (**argv) { 118 #if __vax__ 119 case 'f': 120 fflag++; 121 break; 122 #endif 123 case 'a': 124 add++; 125 break; 126 case 'c': 127 copy++; 128 break; 129 case 'v': 130 verbose++; 131 break; 132 case 'n': 133 nflag++; 134 verbose++; 135 break; 136 default: 137 if (**argv >= '0' && **argv <= '4') { 138 badfile = **argv - '0'; 139 break; 140 } 141 goto usage; 142 } 143 (*argv)++; 144 } 145 argc--, argv++; 146 } 147 if (argc < 1) { 148 usage: 149 fprintf(stderr, 150 "usage: bad144 [ -f ] disk [ snum [ bn ... ] ]\n"); 151 fprintf(stderr, 152 "to read or overwrite bad-sector table, e.g.: bad144 hp0\n"); 153 fprintf(stderr, 154 "or bad144 -a [ -f ] [ -c ] disk bn ...\n"); 155 fprintf(stderr, "where options are:\n"); 156 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a add new bad sectors to the table\n"); 157 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f reformat listed sectors as bad\n"); 158 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c copy original sector to replacement\n"); 159 exit(1); 160 } 161 f = opendisk(argv[0], argc == 1 ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR, diskname, 162 sizeof(diskname), 0); 163 if (f < 0) 164 err(4, "opendisk `%s'", diskname); 165 #ifdef was 166 if (read(f, label, sizeof(label)) < 0) 167 err(4, "read `%s'", diskname); 168 for (dp = (struct disklabel *)(label + LABELOFFSET); 169 dp < (struct disklabel *) 170 (label + sizeof(label) - sizeof(struct disklabel)); 171 dp = (struct disklabel *)((char *)dp + 64)) 172 if (dp->d_magic == DISKMAGIC && dp->d_magic2 == DISKMAGIC) 173 break; 174 #else 175 /* obtain label and adjust to fit */ 176 dp = (struct disklabel *)&label; 177 if (ioctl(f, DIOCGDINFO, dp) < 0) 178 err(4, "ioctl DIOCGDINFO `%s'", diskname); 179 #endif 180 if (dp->d_magic != DISKMAGIC || dp->d_magic2 != DISKMAGIC 181 /* dkcksum(lp) != 0 */ ) 182 errx(1, "Bad pack magic number (pack is unlabeled)"); 183 if (dp->d_secsize > MAXSECSIZE || dp->d_secsize <= 0) 184 errx(7, "Disk sector size too large/small (%d)", 185 dp->d_secsize); 186 #ifdef i386 187 if (dp->d_type == DTYPE_SCSI) 188 errx(1, "SCSI disks don't use bad144!"); 189 /* are we inside a DOS partition? */ 190 if (dp->d_partitions[0].p_offset) { 191 /* yes, rules change. assume bad tables at end of partition C, 192 which maps all of DOS partition we are within -wfj */ 193 size = dp->d_partitions[2].p_offset + dp->d_partitions[2].p_size; 194 } else 195 #endif 196 size = dp->d_nsectors * dp->d_ntracks * dp->d_ncylinders; 197 argc--; 198 argv++; 199 if (argc == 0) { 200 sn = getold(f, &oldbad); 201 printf("bad block information at sector %d in %s:\n", 202 sn, name); 203 printf("cartridge serial number: %d(10)\n", oldbad.bt_csn); 204 switch (oldbad.bt_flag) { 205 206 case (u_short)-1: 207 printf("alignment cartridge\n"); 208 break; 209 210 case DKBAD_MAGIC: 211 break; 212 213 default: 214 printf("bt_flag=%x(16)?\n", oldbad.bt_flag); 215 break; 216 } 217 bt = oldbad.bt_bad; 218 for (i = 0; i < 126; i++) { 219 bad = (bt->bt_cyl<<16) + bt->bt_trksec; 220 if (bad < 0) 221 break; 222 printf("sn=%d, cn=%d, tn=%d, sn=%d\n", badsn(bt), 223 bt->bt_cyl, bt->bt_trksec>>8, bt->bt_trksec&0xff); 224 bt++; 225 } 226 (void) checkold(); 227 exit(0); 228 } 229 if (add) { 230 /* 231 * Read in the old badsector table. 232 * Verify that it makes sense, and the bad sectors 233 * are in order. Copy the old table to the new one. 234 */ 235 (void) getold(f, &oldbad); 236 i = checkold(); 237 if (verbose) 238 printf("Had %d bad sectors, adding %d\n", i, argc); 239 if (i + argc > 126) { 240 printf("bad144: not enough room for %d more sectors\n", 241 argc); 242 printf("limited to 126 by information format\n"); 243 exit(1); 244 } 245 curbad = oldbad; 246 } else { 247 curbad.bt_csn = atoi(*argv++); 248 argc--; 249 curbad.bt_mbz = 0; 250 curbad.bt_flag = DKBAD_MAGIC; 251 if (argc > 126) { 252 printf("bad144: too many bad sectors specified\n"); 253 printf("limited to 126 by information format\n"); 254 exit(1); 255 } 256 i = 0; 257 } 258 errs = 0; 259 new = argc; 260 while (argc > 0) { 261 daddr_t sn = atoi(*argv++); 262 argc--; 263 if (sn < 0 || sn >= size) { 264 printf("%d: out of range [0,%d) for disk %s\n", 265 sn, size, dp->d_typename); 266 errs++; 267 continue; 268 } 269 bn[i] = sn; 270 curbad.bt_bad[i].bt_cyl = sn / (dp->d_nsectors*dp->d_ntracks); 271 sn %= (dp->d_nsectors*dp->d_ntracks); 272 curbad.bt_bad[i].bt_trksec = 273 ((sn/dp->d_nsectors) << 8) + (sn%dp->d_nsectors); 274 i++; 275 } 276 if (errs) 277 exit(1); 278 nbad = i; 279 while (i < 126) { 280 curbad.bt_bad[i].bt_trksec = -1; 281 curbad.bt_bad[i].bt_cyl = -1; 282 i++; 283 } 284 if (add) { 285 /* 286 * Sort the new bad sectors into the list. 287 * Then shuffle the replacement sectors so that 288 * the previous bad sectors get the same replacement data. 289 */ 290 qsort((char *)curbad.bt_bad, nbad, sizeof (struct bt_bad), 291 compare); 292 if (dups) 293 errx(3, 294 "bad sectors have been duplicated; can't add existing sectors"); 295 shift(f, nbad, nbad-new); 296 } 297 if (badfile == -1) 298 i = 0; 299 else 300 i = badfile * 2; 301 for (; i < 10 && i < dp->d_nsectors; i += 2) { 302 if (lseek(f, 303 (off_t)(dp->d_secsize * (size - dp->d_nsectors + i)), 304 SEEK_SET) < 0) 305 err(4, "lseek"); 306 if (verbose) 307 printf("write badsect file at %d\n", 308 size - dp->d_nsectors + i); 309 if (nflag == 0 && write(f, (caddr_t)&curbad, sizeof(curbad)) != 310 sizeof(curbad)) 311 err(4, "write bad sector file %d", i/2); 312 if (badfile != -1) 313 break; 314 } 315 #ifdef __vax__ 316 if (nflag == 0 && fflag) 317 for (i = nbad - new; i < nbad; i++) 318 format(f, bn[i]); 319 #endif 320 #ifdef DIOCSBAD 321 if (nflag == 0 && ioctl(f, DIOCSBAD, (caddr_t)&curbad) < 0) 322 warnx( 323 "Can't sync bad-sector file; reboot for changes to take effect"); 324 #endif 325 if ((dp->d_flags & D_BADSECT) == 0 && nflag == 0) { 326 dp->d_flags |= D_BADSECT; 327 if (ioctl(f, DIOCWDINFO, dp) < 0) { 328 warn("label"); 329 errx(1, 330 "Can't write label to enable bad sector handling"); 331 } 332 } 333 exit(0); 334 } 335 336 daddr_t 337 getold(f, bad) 338 int f; 339 struct dkbad *bad; 340 { 341 int i; 342 daddr_t sn; 343 344 if (badfile == -1) 345 i = 0; 346 else 347 i = badfile * 2; 348 for (; i < 10 && i < dp->d_nsectors; i += 2) { 349 sn = size - dp->d_nsectors + i; 350 if (lseek(f, (off_t)(sn * dp->d_secsize), SEEK_SET) < 0) 351 err(4, "lseek"); 352 if (read(f, (char *) bad, dp->d_secsize) == dp->d_secsize) { 353 if (i > 0) 354 printf("Using bad-sector file %d\n", i/2); 355 return(sn); 356 } 357 warn("read bad sector file at sn %d", sn); 358 if (badfile != -1) 359 break; 360 } 361 errx(1, "%s: can't read bad block info", name); 362 /*NOTREACHED*/ 363 } 364 365 int 366 checkold() 367 { 368 int i; 369 struct bt_bad *bt; 370 daddr_t sn, lsn; 371 int errors = 0, warned = 0; 372 373 lsn = 0; 374 if (oldbad.bt_flag != DKBAD_MAGIC) { 375 warnx("%s: bad flag in bad-sector table", name); 376 errors++; 377 } 378 if (oldbad.bt_mbz != 0) { 379 warnx("%s: bad magic number", name); 380 errors++; 381 } 382 bt = oldbad.bt_bad; 383 for (i = 0; i < 126; i++, bt++) { 384 if (bt->bt_cyl == 0xffff && bt->bt_trksec == 0xffff) 385 break; 386 if ((bt->bt_cyl >= dp->d_ncylinders) || 387 ((bt->bt_trksec >> 8) >= dp->d_ntracks) || 388 ((bt->bt_trksec & 0xff) >= dp->d_nsectors)) { 389 warnx( 390 "cyl/trk/sect out of range in existing entry: sn=%d, cn=%d, tn=%d, sn=%d", 391 badsn(bt), bt->bt_cyl, bt->bt_trksec>>8, 392 bt->bt_trksec & 0xff); 393 errors++; 394 } 395 sn = (bt->bt_cyl * dp->d_ntracks + 396 (bt->bt_trksec >> 8)) * 397 dp->d_nsectors + (bt->bt_trksec & 0xff); 398 if (i > 0 && sn < lsn && !warned) { 399 warnx("bad sector file is out of order"); 400 errors++; 401 warned++; 402 } 403 if (i > 0 && sn == lsn) { 404 warnx("bad sector file contains duplicates (sn %d)", sn); 405 errors++; 406 } 407 lsn = sn; 408 } 409 if (errors) 410 exit(1); 411 return (i); 412 } 413 414 /* 415 * Move the bad sector replacements 416 * to make room for the new bad sectors. 417 * new is the new number of bad sectors, old is the previous count. 418 */ 419 void 420 shift(f, new, old) 421 int f, new, old; 422 { 423 daddr_t repl; 424 425 /* 426 * First replacement is last sector of second-to-last track. 427 */ 428 repl = size - dp->d_nsectors - 1; 429 new--; old--; 430 while (new >= 0 && new != old) { 431 if (old < 0 || 432 compare(&curbad.bt_bad[new], &oldbad.bt_bad[old]) > 0) { 433 /* 434 * Insert new replacement here-- copy original 435 * sector if requested and possible, 436 * otherwise write a zero block. 437 */ 438 if (!copy || 439 !blkcopy(f, badsn(&curbad.bt_bad[new]), repl - new)) 440 blkzero(f, repl - new); 441 } else { 442 if (blkcopy(f, repl - old, repl - new) == 0) 443 warnx("Can't copy replacement sector %d to %d", 444 repl-old, repl-new); 445 old--; 446 } 447 new--; 448 } 449 } 450 451 char *buf; 452 453 /* 454 * Copy disk sector s1 to s2. 455 */ 456 int 457 blkcopy(f, s1, s2) 458 int f; 459 daddr_t s1, s2; 460 { 461 int tries, n; 462 463 if (buf == (char *)NULL) { 464 buf = malloc((unsigned)dp->d_secsize); 465 if (buf == (char *)NULL) 466 errx(20, "Out of memory"); 467 } 468 for (tries = 0; tries < RETRIES; tries++) { 469 if (lseek(f, (off_t)(dp->d_secsize * s1), SEEK_SET) < 0) 470 err(4, "lseek"); 471 if ((n = read(f, buf, dp->d_secsize)) == dp->d_secsize) 472 break; 473 } 474 if (n != dp->d_secsize) { 475 if (n < 0) 476 err(4, "can't read sector, %d", s1); 477 else 478 errx(4, "can't read sector, %d", s1); 479 return(0); 480 } 481 if (lseek(f, (off_t)(dp->d_secsize * s2), SEEK_SET) < 0) 482 err(4, "lseek"); 483 if (verbose) 484 printf("copying %d to %d\n", s1, s2); 485 if (nflag == 0 && write(f, buf, dp->d_secsize) != dp->d_secsize) { 486 warn("can't write replacement sector, %d", s2); 487 return(0); 488 } 489 return(1); 490 } 491 492 char *zbuf; 493 494 void 495 blkzero(f, sn) 496 int f; 497 daddr_t sn; 498 { 499 500 if (zbuf == (char *)NULL) { 501 zbuf = malloc((unsigned)dp->d_secsize); 502 if (zbuf == (char *)NULL) 503 errx(20, "Out of memory"); 504 } 505 if (lseek(f, (off_t)(dp->d_secsize * sn), SEEK_SET) < 0) 506 err(4, "lseek"); 507 if (verbose) 508 printf("zeroing %d\n", sn); 509 if (nflag == 0 && write(f, zbuf, dp->d_secsize) != dp->d_secsize) 510 warn("can't write replacement sector, %d", sn); 511 } 512 513 int 514 compare(v1, v2) 515 const void *v1, *v2; 516 { 517 const struct bt_bad *b1 = v1; 518 const struct bt_bad *b2 = v2; 519 520 if (b1->bt_cyl > b2->bt_cyl) 521 return(1); 522 if (b1->bt_cyl < b2->bt_cyl) 523 return(-1); 524 if (b1->bt_trksec == b2->bt_trksec) 525 dups++; 526 return (b1->bt_trksec - b2->bt_trksec); 527 } 528 529 daddr_t 530 badsn(bt) 531 const struct bt_bad *bt; 532 { 533 534 return ((bt->bt_cyl * dp->d_ntracks 535 + (bt->bt_trksec >> 8)) * dp->d_nsectors 536 + (bt->bt_trksec & 0xff)); 537 } 538 539 #ifdef __vax__ 540 541 struct rp06hdr { 542 short h_cyl; 543 short h_trksec; 544 short h_key1; 545 short h_key2; 546 char h_data[512]; 547 #define RP06_FMT 010000 /* 1 == 16 bit, 0 == 18 bit */ 548 }; 549 550 /* 551 * Most massbus and unibus drives 552 * have headers of this form 553 */ 554 struct hpuphdr { 555 u_short hpup_cyl; 556 u_char hpup_sect; 557 u_char hpup_track; 558 char hpup_data[512]; 559 #define HPUP_OKSECT 0xc000 /* this normally means sector is good */ 560 #define HPUP_16BIT 0x1000 /* 1 == 16 bit format */ 561 }; 562 int rp06format(), hpupformat(); 563 564 struct formats { 565 char *f_name; /* disk name */ 566 int f_bufsize; /* size of sector + header */ 567 int f_bic; /* value to bic in hpup_cyl */ 568 int (*f_routine)(); /* routine for special handling */ 569 } formats[] = { 570 { "rp06", sizeof (struct rp06hdr), RP06_FMT, rp06format }, 571 { "eagle", sizeof (struct hpuphdr), HPUP_OKSECT, hpupformat }, 572 { "capricorn", sizeof (struct hpuphdr), HPUP_OKSECT, hpupformat }, 573 { "rm03", sizeof (struct hpuphdr), HPUP_OKSECT, hpupformat }, 574 { "rm05", sizeof (struct hpuphdr), HPUP_OKSECT, hpupformat }, 575 { "9300", sizeof (struct hpuphdr), HPUP_OKSECT, hpupformat }, 576 { "9766", sizeof (struct hpuphdr), HPUP_OKSECT, hpupformat }, 577 { 0, 0, 0, 0 } 578 }; 579 580 /*ARGSUSED*/ 581 int 582 hpupformat(fp, dp, blk, buf, count) 583 struct formats *fp; 584 struct disklabel *dp; 585 daddr_t blk; 586 char *buf; 587 int count; 588 { 589 struct hpuphdr *hdr = (struct hpuphdr *)buf; 590 int sect; 591 592 if (count < sizeof(struct hpuphdr)) { 593 hdr->hpup_cyl = (HPUP_OKSECT | HPUP_16BIT) | 594 (blk / (dp->d_nsectors * dp->d_ntracks)); 595 sect = blk % (dp->d_nsectors * dp->d_ntracks); 596 hdr->hpup_track = (u_char)(sect / dp->d_nsectors); 597 hdr->hpup_sect = (u_char)(sect % dp->d_nsectors); 598 } 599 return (0); 600 } 601 602 /*ARGSUSED*/ 603 int 604 rp06format(fp, dp, blk, buf, count) 605 struct formats *fp; 606 struct disklabel *dp; 607 daddr_t blk; 608 char *buf; 609 int count; 610 { 611 612 if (count < sizeof(struct rp06hdr)) { 613 warnx("Can't read header on blk %d, can't reformat", blk); 614 return (-1); 615 } 616 return (0); 617 } 618 619 void 620 format(fd, blk) 621 int fd; 622 daddr_t blk; 623 { 624 struct formats *fp; 625 static char *buf; 626 static char bufsize; 627 struct format_op fop; 628 int n; 629 630 for (fp = formats; fp->f_name; fp++) 631 if (strcmp(dp->d_typename, fp->f_name) == 0) 632 break; 633 if (fp->f_name == 0) 634 errx(2, "don't know how to format %s disks", dp->d_typename); 635 if (buf && bufsize < fp->f_bufsize) { 636 free(buf); 637 buf = NULL; 638 } 639 if (buf == NULL) 640 buf = malloc((unsigned)fp->f_bufsize); 641 if (buf == NULL) 642 errx(3, "can't allocate sector buffer"); 643 bufsize = fp->f_bufsize; 644 /* 645 * Here we do the actual formatting. All we really 646 * do is rewrite the sector header and flag the bad sector 647 * according to the format table description. If a special 648 * purpose format routine is specified, we allow it to 649 * process the sector as well. 650 */ 651 if (verbose) 652 printf("format blk %d\n", blk); 653 memset((char *)&fop, 0, sizeof(fop)); 654 fop.df_buf = buf; 655 fop.df_count = fp->f_bufsize; 656 fop.df_startblk = blk; 657 memset(buf, 0, fp->f_bufsize); 658 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCRFORMAT, &fop) < 0) 659 warn("read format"); 660 if (fp->f_routine && 661 (*fp->f_routine)(fp, dp, blk, buf, fop.df_count) != 0) 662 return; 663 if (fp->f_bic) { 664 struct hpuphdr *xp = (struct hpuphdr *)buf; 665 666 xp->hpup_cyl &= ~fp->f_bic; 667 } 668 if (nflag) 669 return; 670 memset((char *)&fop, 0, sizeof(fop)); 671 fop.df_buf = buf; 672 fop.df_count = fp->f_bufsize; 673 fop.df_startblk = blk; 674 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCWFORMAT, &fop) < 0) 675 err(4, "write format"); 676 if (fop.df_count != fp->f_bufsize) 677 warn("write format %d", blk); 678 } 679 #endif 680