xref: /netbsd/usr.sbin/makefs/ffs.c (revision bf9ec67e)
1 /*	$NetBSD: ffs.c,v 1.14 2002/02/15 04:04:57 lukem Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (c) 2001 Wasabi Systems, Inc.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Written by Luke Mewburn for Wasabi Systems, Inc.
8  *
9  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11  * are met:
12  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
18  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
19  *      This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
20  *      Wasabi Systems, Inc.
21  * 4. The name of Wasabi Systems, Inc. may not be used to endorse
22  *    or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
23  *    written permission.
24  *
25  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY WASABI SYSTEMS, INC. ``AS IS'' AND
26  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
27  * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
28  * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WASABI SYSTEMS, INC
29  * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
30  * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
31  * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
32  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
33  * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
34  * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
35  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
36  */
37 /*
38  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1993
39  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
40  *
41  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
42  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
43  * are met:
44  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
45  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
46  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
47  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
48  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
49  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
50  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
51  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
52  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
53  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
54  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
55  *    without specific prior written permission.
56  *
57  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
58  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
59  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
60  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
61  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
62  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
63  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
64  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
65  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
66  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
67  * SUCH DAMAGE.
68  *
69  *	@(#)ffs_alloc.c	8.19 (Berkeley) 7/13/95
70  */
71 
72 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
73 #if defined(__RCSID) && !defined(__lint)
74 __RCSID("$NetBSD: ffs.c,v 1.14 2002/02/15 04:04:57 lukem Exp $");
75 #endif	/* !__lint */
76 
77 #include <sys/param.h>
78 #include <sys/mount.h>
79 
80 #include <assert.h>
81 #include <errno.h>
82 #include <fcntl.h>
83 #include <stdarg.h>
84 #include <stdio.h>
85 #include <stdlib.h>
86 #include <string.h>
87 #include <unistd.h>
88 
89 #include "makefs.h"
90 
91 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
92 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
93 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
94 #include <ufs/ufs/ufs_bswap.h>
95 
96 #include "ffs/ufs_inode.h"
97 #include "ffs/newfs_extern.h"
98 #include "ffs/ffs_extern.h"
99 
100 /*
101  * Various file system defaults (cribbed from newfs(8)).
102  */
103 #define	DFL_FRAGSIZE		1024		/* fragment size */
104 #define	DFL_BLKSIZE		8192		/* block size */
105 #define	DFL_SECSIZE		512		/* sector size */
106 #define	DFL_CYLSPERGROUP	65536		/* cylinders per group */
107 #define	DFL_FRAGSPERINODE	4		/* fragments per inode */
108 #define	DFL_ROTDELAY		0		/* rotational delay */
109 #define	DFL_NRPOS		1		/* rotational positions */
110 #define	DFL_RPM			3600		/* rpm of disk */
111 #define	DFL_NSECTORS		64		/* # of sectors */
112 #define	DFL_NTRACKS		16		/* # of tracks */
113 
114 
115 typedef struct {
116 	u_char		*buf;		/* buf for directory */
117 	doff_t		size;		/* full size of buf */
118 	doff_t		cur;		/* offset of current entry */
119 } dirbuf_t;
120 
121 
122 static	int	ffs_create_image(const char *, fsinfo_t *);
123 static	void	ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsinfo_t *);
124 static	void	ffs_dump_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *, const char *, int);
125 static	void	ffs_make_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *, const char *, fsnode *, int);
126 static	int	ffs_populate_dir(const char *, fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
127 static	void	ffs_size_dir(fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
128 static	void	ffs_validate(const char *, fsnode *, fsinfo_t *);
129 static	void	ffs_write_file(struct dinode *, uint32_t, void *, fsinfo_t *);
130 static	void	ffs_write_inode(struct dinode *, uint32_t, const fsinfo_t *);
131 
132 
133 int	sectorsize;		/* XXX: for buf.c::getblk() */
134 
135 	/* publically visible functions */
136 
137 int
138 ffs_parse_opts(const char *option, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
139 {
140 	option_t ffs_options[] = {
141 		{ "bsize",	&fsopts->bsize,		1,	INT_MAX,
142 					"block size" },
143 		{ "fsize",	&fsopts->fsize,		1,	INT_MAX,
144 					"fragment size" },
145 		{ "cpg",	&fsopts->cpg,		1,	INT_MAX,
146 					"cylinders per group" },
147 		{ "density",	&fsopts->density,	1,	INT_MAX,
148 					"bytes per inode" },
149 		{ "ntracks",	&fsopts->ntracks,	1,	INT_MAX,
150 					"number of tracks" },
151 		{ "nsectors",	&fsopts->nsectors,	1,	INT_MAX,
152 					"number of sectors" },
153 		{ "rpm",	&fsopts->rpm,		1,	INT_MAX,
154 					"revolutions per minute" },
155 		{ "minfree",	&fsopts->minfree,	0,	99,
156 					"minfree" },
157 		{ "rotdelay",	&fsopts->rotdelay,	0,	INT_MAX,
158 					"rotational delay" },
159 		{ "maxbpg",	&fsopts->maxbpg,	1,	INT_MAX,
160 					"max blocks per cylgroup" },
161 		{ "nrpos",	&fsopts->nrpos,		1,	INT_MAX,
162 					"number of rotational positions" },
163 		{ "avgfilesize", &fsopts->avgfilesize,	1,	INT_MAX,
164 					"expected average file size" },
165 		{ "avgfpdir",	&fsopts->avgfpdir,	1,	INT_MAX,
166 					"expected # of files per directory" },
167 		{ NULL }
168 	};
169 
170 	char	*var, *val;
171 	int	rv;
172 
173 	(void)&ffs_options;
174 	assert(option != NULL);
175 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
176 
177 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_PARSE_OPTS)
178 		printf("ffs_parse_opts: got `%s'\n", option);
179 
180 	if ((var = strdup(option)) == NULL)
181 		err(1, "Allocating memory for copy of option string");
182 	rv = 0;
183 
184 	if ((val = strchr(var, '=')) == NULL) {
185 		warnx("Option `%s' doesn't contain a value", var);
186 		goto leave_ffs_parse_opts;
187 	}
188 	*val++ = '\0';
189 
190 	if (strcmp(var, "optimization") == 0) {
191 		if (strcmp(val, "time") == 0) {
192 			fsopts->optimization = FS_OPTTIME;
193 		} else if (strcmp(val, "space") == 0) {
194 			fsopts->optimization = FS_OPTSPACE;
195 		} else {
196 			warnx("Invalid optimization `%s'", val);
197 			goto leave_ffs_parse_opts;
198 		}
199 		rv = 1;
200 	} else
201 		rv = set_option(ffs_options, var, val);
202 
203  leave_ffs_parse_opts:
204 	if (var)
205 		free(var);
206 	return (rv);
207 }
208 
209 
210 void
211 ffs_makefs(const char *image, const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
212 {
213 	struct timeval start;
214 
215 	assert(image != NULL);
216 	assert(dir != NULL);
217 	assert(root != NULL);
218 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
219 
220 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
221 		printf("ffs_makefs: image %s directory %s root %p\n",
222 		    image, dir, root);
223 
224 		/* validate tree and options */
225 	TIMER_START(start);
226 	ffs_validate(dir, root, fsopts);
227 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_validate");
228 
229 	printf("Calculated size of `%s': %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
230 	    image, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
231 
232 		/* create image */
233 	TIMER_START(start);
234 	if (ffs_create_image(image, fsopts) == -1)
235 		errx(1, "Image file `%s' not created.", image);
236 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_create_image");
237 
238 	fsopts->curinode = ROOTINO;
239 
240 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
241 		putchar('\n');
242 
243 		/* populate image */
244 	printf("Populating `%s'\n", image);
245 	TIMER_START(start);
246 	if (! ffs_populate_dir(dir, root, fsopts))
247 		errx(1, "Image file `%s' not populated.", image);
248 	TIMER_RESULTS(start, "ffs_populate_dir");
249 
250 		/* ensure no outstanding buffers remain */
251 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKEFS)
252 		bcleanup();
253 
254 		/* write out superblock; image is now complete */
255 
256 	((struct fs *)fsopts->superblock)->fs_fmod = 0;
257 	ffs_write_superblock(fsopts->superblock, fsopts);
258 	if (close(fsopts->fd) == -1)
259 		err(1, "Closing `%s'", image);
260 	fsopts->fd = -1;
261 	printf("Image `%s' complete\n", image);
262 }
263 
264 	/* end of public functions */
265 
266 
267 static void
268 ffs_validate(const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
269 {
270 	int32_t	ncg = 1;
271 #if notyet
272 	int32_t	spc, nspf, ncyl, fssize;
273 #endif
274 
275 	assert(dir != NULL);
276 	assert(root != NULL);
277 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
278 
279 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE) {
280 		printf("ffs_validate: before defaults set:\n");
281 		ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsopts);
282 	}
283 
284 		/* set FFS defaults */
285 	if (fsopts->sectorsize == -1)
286 		fsopts->sectorsize = DFL_SECSIZE;
287 	if (fsopts->fsize == -1)
288 		fsopts->fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, fsopts->sectorsize);
289 	if (fsopts->bsize == -1)
290 		fsopts->bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsopts->fsize);
291 	if (fsopts->cpg == -1)
292 		fsopts->cpg = DFL_CYLSPERGROUP;
293 	else
294 		fsopts->cpgflg = 1;
295 				/* fsopts->density is set below */
296 	if (fsopts->ntracks == -1)
297 		fsopts->ntracks = DFL_NTRACKS;
298 	if (fsopts->nsectors == -1)
299 		fsopts->nsectors = DFL_NSECTORS;
300 	if (fsopts->rpm == -1)
301 		fsopts->rpm = DFL_RPM;
302 	if (fsopts->minfree == -1)
303 		fsopts->minfree = MINFREE;
304 	if (fsopts->optimization == -1)
305 		fsopts->optimization = DEFAULTOPT;
306 	if (fsopts->maxcontig == -1)
307 		fsopts->maxcontig =
308 		    MAX(1, MIN(MAXPHYS, MAXBSIZE) / fsopts->bsize);
309 	if (fsopts->rotdelay == -1)
310 		fsopts->rotdelay = DFL_ROTDELAY;
311 	if (fsopts->maxbpg == -1)
312 		fsopts->maxbpg = fsopts->bsize / sizeof(ufs_daddr_t);
313 	if (fsopts->nrpos == -1)
314 		fsopts->nrpos = DFL_NRPOS;
315 	if (fsopts->avgfilesize == -1)
316 		fsopts->avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;
317 	if (fsopts->avgfpdir == -1)
318 		fsopts->avgfpdir = AFPDIR;
319 
320 		/* calculate size of tree */
321 	ffs_size_dir(root, fsopts);
322 	fsopts->inodes += ROOTINO;		/* include first two inodes */
323 
324 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE)
325 		printf("ffs_validate: size of tree: %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
326 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
327 
328 		/* add requested slop */
329 	fsopts->size += fsopts->freeblocks;
330 	fsopts->inodes += fsopts->freefiles;
331 	if (fsopts->freefilepc > 0)
332 		fsopts->inodes =
333 		    fsopts->inodes * (100 + fsopts->freefilepc) / 100;
334 	if (fsopts->freeblockpc > 0)
335 		fsopts->size =
336 		    fsopts->size * (100 + fsopts->freeblockpc) / 100;
337 
338 #if notyet
339 		/*
340 		 * estimate number of cylinder groups
341 		 */
342 	spc = fsopts->nsectors * fsopts->ntracks;
343 	nspf = fsopts->fsize / fsopts->sectorsize;
344 	fssize = fsopts->size / fsopts->sectorsize;
345 	ncyl = fssize * nspf / spc;
346 	if (fssize * nspf > ncyl * spc)
347 		ncyl++;
348 	ncg = ncyl / fsopts->cpg;
349 	if (ncg == 0)
350 		ncg = 1;
351 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE)
352 		printf(
353 		    "ffs_validate: spc %d nspf %d fssize %d ncyl %d ncg %d\n",
354 		    spc, nspf, fssize, ncyl, ncg);
355 #endif	/* notyet */
356 
357 		/* add space needed for superblocks */
358 	fsopts->size += (SBOFF + SBSIZE) * ncg;
359 		/* add space needed to store inodes, x3 for blockmaps, etc */
360 	fsopts->size += ncg * DINODE_SIZE * 3 *
361 	    roundup(fsopts->inodes / ncg, fsopts->bsize / DINODE_SIZE);
362 
363 		/* add minfree */
364 	if (fsopts->minfree > 0)
365 		fsopts->size =
366 		    fsopts->size * (100 + fsopts->minfree) / 100;
367 	/*
368 	 * XXX	any other fs slop to add, such as csum's, etc ??
369 	 */
370 
371 	if (fsopts->size < fsopts->minsize)	/* ensure meets minimum size */
372 		fsopts->size = fsopts->minsize;
373 
374 		/* round up to the next block */
375 	fsopts->size = roundup(fsopts->size, fsopts->bsize);
376 
377 		/* calculate density if necessary */
378 	if (fsopts->density == -1)
379 		fsopts->density = fsopts->size / fsopts->inodes + 1;
380 
381 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_VALIDATE) {
382 		printf("ffs_validate: after defaults set:\n");
383 		ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsopts);
384 		printf("ffs_validate: dir %s; %lld bytes, %lld inodes\n",
385 		    dir, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
386 	}
387 	sectorsize = fsopts->sectorsize;	/* XXX - see earlier */
388 
389 		/* now check calculated sizes vs requested sizes */
390 	if (fsopts->maxsize > 0 && fsopts->size > fsopts->maxsize) {
391 		errx(1, "`%s' size of %lld is larger than the maxsize of %lld.",
392 		    dir, (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->maxsize);
393 	}
394 }
395 
396 
397 static void
398 ffs_dump_fsinfo(fsinfo_t *f)
399 {
400 
401 	printf("fsopts at %p\n", f);
402 
403 	printf("\tsize %lld, inodes %lld, curinode %u\n",
404 	    (long long)f->size, (long long)f->inodes, f->curinode);
405 
406 	printf("\tminsize %lld, maxsize %lld\n",
407 	    (long long)f->minsize, (long long)f->maxsize);
408 	printf("\tfree files %lld, freefile %% %d\n",
409 	    (long long)f->freefiles, f->freefilepc);
410 	printf("\tfree blocks %lld, freeblock %% %d\n",
411 	    (long long)f->freeblocks, f->freeblockpc);
412 	printf("\tneedswap %d, sectorsize %d\n", f->needswap, f->sectorsize);
413 
414 	printf("\tbsize %d, fsize %d, cpg %d, density %d\n",
415 	    f->bsize, f->fsize, f->cpg, f->density);
416 	printf("\tntracks %d, nsectors %d, rpm %d, minfree %d\n",
417 	    f->ntracks, f->nsectors, f->rpm, f->minfree);
418 	printf("\tmaxcontig %d, rotdelay %d, maxbpg %d, nrpos %d\n",
419 	    f->maxcontig, f->rotdelay, f->maxbpg, f->nrpos);
420 	printf("\toptimization %s\n",
421 	    f->optimization == FS_OPTSPACE ? "space" : "time");
422 }
423 
424 
425 static int
426 ffs_create_image(const char *image, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
427 {
428 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATFS_F_IOSIZE
429 	struct statfs	sfs;
430 #endif
431 	struct fs	*fs;
432 	char	*buf;
433 	int	i, bufsize;
434 	off_t	bufrem;
435 
436 	assert (image != NULL);
437 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
438 
439 		/* create image */
440 	if ((fsopts->fd = open(image, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0777))
441 	    == -1) {
442 		warn("Can't open `%s' for writing", image);
443 		return (-1);
444 	}
445 
446 		/* zero image */
447 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATFS_F_IOSIZE
448 	if (fstatfs(fsopts->fd, &sfs) == -1) {
449 #endif
450 		bufsize = 8192;
451 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STATFS_F_IOSIZE
452 		warn("can't fstatfs `%s', using default %d byte chunk",
453 		    image, bufsize);
454 	} else
455 		bufsize = sfs.f_iosize;
456 #endif
457 	bufrem = fsopts->size;
458 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE)
459 		printf(
460 		    "zero-ing image `%s', %lld sectors, using %d byte chunks\n",
461 		    image, (long long)bufrem, bufsize);
462 	if ((buf = calloc(1, bufsize)) == NULL) {
463 		warn("Can't create buffer for sector");
464 		return (-1);
465 	}
466 	while (bufrem > 0) {
467 		i = write(fsopts->fd, buf, MIN(bufsize, bufrem));
468 		if (i == -1) {
469 			warn("zeroing image, %lld bytes to go",
470 			    (long long)bufrem);
471 			return (-1);
472 		}
473 		bufrem -= i;
474 	}
475 
476 		/* make the file system */
477 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE)
478 		printf("calling mkfs(\"%s\", ...)\n", image);
479 	fs = ffs_mkfs(image, fsopts);
480 	fsopts->superblock = (void *)fs;
481 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_CREATE_IMAGE) {
482 		time_t t;
483 
484 		t = ((struct fs *)fsopts->superblock)->fs_time;
485 		printf("mkfs returned %p; fs_time %s",
486 		    fsopts->superblock, ctime(&t));
487 		printf("fs totals: nbfree %d, nffree %d, nifree %d, ndir %d\n",
488 		    fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree, fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nffree,
489 		    fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree, fs->fs_cstotal.cs_ndir);
490 	}
491 
492 	if (fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree < fsopts->inodes) {
493 		warnx(
494 		"Image file `%s' has %lld free inodes; %lld are required.",
495 		    image,
496 		    (long long)fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree,
497 		    (long long)fsopts->inodes);
498 		return (-1);
499 	}
500 	return (fsopts->fd);
501 }
502 
503 
504 static void
505 ffs_size_dir(fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
506 {
507 	struct direct	tmpdir;
508 	fsnode *	node;
509 	int		curdirsize, this;
510 
511 	/* node may be NULL (empty directory) */
512 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
513 
514 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR)
515 		printf("ffs_size_dir: entry: bytes %lld inodes %lld\n",
516 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
517 
518 #define	ADDDIRENT(e) do {						\
519 	tmpdir.d_namlen = strlen((e));					\
520 	this = DIRSIZ(0, &tmpdir, 0);					\
521 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_ADD_DIRENT)			\
522 		printf("ADDDIRENT: was: %s (%d) this %d cur %d\n",	\
523 		    e, tmpdir.d_namlen, this, curdirsize);		\
524 	if (this + curdirsize > roundup(curdirsize, DIRBLKSIZ))		\
525 		curdirsize = roundup(curdirsize, DIRBLKSIZ);		\
526 	curdirsize += this;						\
527 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_ADD_DIRENT)			\
528 		printf("ADDDIRENT: now: %s (%d) this %d cur %d\n",	\
529 		    e, tmpdir.d_namlen, this, curdirsize);		\
530 } while (0);
531 
532 	/*
533 	 * XXX	this needs to take into account extra space consumed
534 	 *	by indirect blocks, etc.
535 	 */
536 #define	ADDSIZE(x) do {							\
537 	fsopts->size += roundup((x), fsopts->fsize);			\
538 } while (0);
539 
540 	curdirsize = 0;
541 	for (node = root; node != NULL; node = node->next) {
542 		ADDDIRENT(node->name);
543 		if (node == root) {			/* we're at "." */
544 			assert(strcmp(node->name, ".") == 0);
545 			ADDDIRENT("..");
546 		} else if ((node->inode->flags & FI_SIZED) == 0) {
547 				/* don't count duplicate names */
548 			node->inode->flags |= FI_SIZED;
549 			if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR_NODE)
550 				printf("ffs_size_dir: `%s' size %lld\n",
551 				    node->name,
552 				    (long long)node->inode->st.st_size);
553 			fsopts->inodes++;
554 			if (node->type == S_IFREG)
555 				ADDSIZE(node->inode->st.st_size);
556 			if (node->type == S_IFLNK) {
557 				int	slen;
558 
559 				slen = strlen(node->symlink) + 1;
560 				if (slen >= MAXSYMLINKLEN)
561 					ADDSIZE(slen);
562 			}
563 		}
564 		if (node->type == S_IFDIR)
565 			ffs_size_dir(node->child, fsopts);
566 	}
567 	ADDSIZE(curdirsize);
568 
569 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_SIZE_DIR)
570 		printf("ffs_size_dir: exit: size %lld inodes %lld\n",
571 		    (long long)fsopts->size, (long long)fsopts->inodes);
572 }
573 
574 
575 static int
576 ffs_populate_dir(const char *dir, fsnode *root, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
577 {
578 	fsnode		*cur;
579 	dirbuf_t	dirbuf;
580 	struct dinode	din;
581 	void		*membuf;
582 	char		path[MAXPATHLEN + 1];
583 
584 	assert(dir != NULL);
585 	assert(root != NULL);
586 	assert(fsopts != NULL);
587 
588 	(void)memset(&dirbuf, 0, sizeof(dirbuf));
589 
590 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
591 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 1  dir %s node %p\n", dir, root);
592 
593 		/*
594 		 * pass 1: allocate inode numbers, build directory `file'
595 		 */
596 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
597 		if ((cur->inode->flags & FI_ALLOCATED) == 0) {
598 			cur->inode->flags |= FI_ALLOCATED;
599 			if (cur == root && cur->parent != NULL)
600 				cur->inode->ino = cur->parent->inode->ino;
601 			else {
602 				cur->inode->ino = fsopts->curinode;
603 				fsopts->curinode++;
604 			}
605 		}
606 		ffs_make_dirbuf(&dirbuf, cur->name, cur, fsopts->needswap);
607 		if (cur == root) {		/* we're at "."; add ".." */
608 			ffs_make_dirbuf(&dirbuf, "..",
609 			    cur->parent == NULL ? cur : cur->parent->first,
610 			    fsopts->needswap);
611 			root->inode->nlink++;	/* count my parent's link */
612 		} else if (cur->child != NULL)
613 			root->inode->nlink++;	/* count my child's link */
614 
615 		/*
616 		 * XXX	possibly write file and long symlinks here,
617 		 *	ensuring that blocks get written before inodes?
618 		 *	otoh, this isn't a real filesystem, so who
619 		 *	cares about ordering? :-)
620 		 */
621 	}
622 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE_DIRBUF)
623 		ffs_dump_dirbuf(&dirbuf, dir, fsopts->needswap);
624 
625 		/*
626 		 * pass 2: write out dirbuf, then non-directories at this level
627 		 */
628 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
629 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 2  dir %s\n", dir);
630 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
631 		if (cur->inode->flags & FI_WRITTEN)
632 			continue;		/* skip hard-linked entries */
633 		cur->inode->flags |= FI_WRITTEN;
634 
635 		if (snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", dir, cur->name)
636 		    >= sizeof(path))
637 			errx(1, "Pathname too long.");
638 
639 		if (cur->child != NULL)
640 			continue;		/* child creates own inode */
641 
642 				/* build on-disk inode */
643 		memset(&din, 0, sizeof(din));
644 		din.di_mode = cur->inode->st.st_mode;
645 		din.di_nlink = cur->inode->nlink;
646 		din.di_size = cur->inode->st.st_size;
647 		din.di_atime = cur->inode->st.st_atime;
648 		din.di_mtime = cur->inode->st.st_mtime;
649 		din.di_ctime = cur->inode->st.st_ctime;
650 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_MTIMENSEC
651 		din.di_atimensec = cur->inode->st.st_atimensec;
652 		din.di_mtimensec = cur->inode->st.st_mtimensec;
653 		din.di_ctimensec = cur->inode->st.st_ctimensec;
654 #endif
655 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_FLAGS
656 		din.di_flags = cur->inode->st.st_flags;
657 #endif
658 #if HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_GEN
659 		din.di_gen = cur->inode->st.st_gen;
660 #endif
661 		din.di_uid = cur->inode->st.st_uid;
662 		din.di_gid = cur->inode->st.st_gid;
663 			/* not set: di_db, di_ib, di_blocks, di_spare */
664 
665 		membuf = NULL;
666 		if (cur == root) {			/* "."; write dirbuf */
667 			membuf = dirbuf.buf;
668 			din.di_size = dirbuf.size;
669 		} else if (S_ISBLK(cur->type) || S_ISCHR(cur->type)) {
670 			din.di_size = 0;	/* a device */
671 			din.di_rdev =
672 			    ufs_rw32(cur->inode->st.st_rdev, fsopts->needswap);
673 		} else if (S_ISLNK(cur->type)) {	/* symlink */
674 			int slen;
675 
676 			slen = strlen(cur->symlink);
677 			if (slen < MAXSYMLINKLEN) {	/* short link */
678 				memcpy(din.di_shortlink, cur->symlink, slen);
679 			} else
680 				membuf = cur->symlink;
681 			din.di_size = slen;
682 		}
683 
684 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE_NODE) {
685 			printf("ffs_populate_dir: writing ino %d, %s",
686 			    cur->inode->ino, inode_type(cur->type));
687 			if (cur->inode->nlink > 1)
688 				printf(", nlink %d", cur->inode->nlink);
689 			putchar('\n');
690 		}
691 
692 		if (membuf != NULL) {
693 			ffs_write_file(&din, cur->inode->ino, membuf, fsopts);
694 		} else if (S_ISREG(cur->type)) {
695 			ffs_write_file(&din, cur->inode->ino, path, fsopts);
696 		} else {
697 			assert (! S_ISDIR(cur->type));
698 			ffs_write_inode(&din, cur->inode->ino, fsopts);
699 		}
700 	}
701 
702 		/*
703 		 * pass 3: write out sub-directories
704 		 */
705 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
706 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: PASS 3  dir %s\n", dir);
707 	for (cur = root; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) {
708 		if (cur->child == NULL)
709 			continue;
710 		if (snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", dir, cur->name)
711 		    >= sizeof(path))
712 			errx(1, "Pathname too long.");
713 		if (! ffs_populate_dir(path, cur->child, fsopts))
714 			return (0);
715 	}
716 
717 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_POPULATE)
718 		printf("ffs_populate_dir: DONE dir %s\n", dir);
719 
720 		/* cleanup */
721 	if (dirbuf.buf != NULL)
722 		free(dirbuf.buf);
723 	return (1);
724 }
725 
726 
727 static void
728 ffs_write_file(struct dinode *din, uint32_t ino, void *buf, fsinfo_t *fsopts)
729 {
730 	int 	isfile, ffd;
731 	char	*fbuf, *p;
732 	off_t	bufleft, chunk, offset;
733 	struct inode	in;
734 	struct buf *	bp;
735 
736 	assert (din != NULL);
737 	assert (buf != NULL);
738 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
739 
740 	isfile = S_ISREG(din->di_mode);
741 	fbuf = NULL;
742 	ffd = -1;
743 
744 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_FILE) {
745 		printf(
746 		    "ffs_write_file: ino %u, din %p, isfile %d, %s, size %lld",
747 		    ino, din, isfile, inode_type(din->di_mode & S_IFMT),
748 		    (long long)din->di_size);
749 		if (isfile)
750 			printf(", file '%s'\n", (char *)buf);
751 		else
752 			printf(", buffer %p\n", buf);
753 	}
754 
755 	in.i_number = ino;
756 	in.i_fs = (struct fs *)fsopts->superblock;
757 	memcpy(&in.i_din.ffs_din, din, sizeof(in.i_din.ffs_din));
758 	in.i_fd = fsopts->fd;
759 
760 	if (din->di_size == 0)
761 		goto write_inode_and_leave;		/* mmm, cheating */
762 
763 	if (isfile) {
764 		if ((fbuf = malloc(fsopts->bsize)) == NULL)
765 			err(1, "Allocating memory for write buffer");
766 		if ((ffd = open((char *)buf, O_RDONLY, 0444)) == -1) {
767 			warn("Can't open `%s' for reading", (char *)buf);
768 			goto leave_ffs_write_file;
769 		}
770 	} else {
771 		p = buf;
772 	}
773 
774 	chunk = 0;
775 	for (bufleft = din->di_size; bufleft > 0; bufleft -= chunk) {
776 		chunk = MIN(bufleft, fsopts->bsize);
777 		if (isfile) {
778 			if (read(ffd, fbuf, chunk) != chunk)
779 				err(1, "Reading `%s', %lld bytes to go",
780 				    (char *)buf, (long long)bufleft);
781 			p = fbuf;
782 		}
783 		offset = din->di_size - bufleft;
784 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_FILE_BLOCK)
785 			printf(
786 		"ffs_write_file: write %p offset %lld size %lld left %lld\n",
787 			    p, (long long)offset,
788 			    (long long)chunk, (long long)bufleft);
789 	/*
790 	 * XXX	if holey support is desired, do the check here
791 	 *
792 	 * XXX	might need to write out last bit in fragroundup
793 	 *	sized chunk. however, ffs_balloc() handles this for us
794 	 */
795 		errno = ffs_balloc(&in, offset, chunk, &bp);
796  bad_ffs_write_file:
797 		if (errno != 0)
798 			err(1,
799 			    "Writing inode %d (%s), bytes %lld + %lld",
800 			    ino,
801 			    isfile ? (char *)buf :
802 			      inode_type(din->di_mode & S_IFMT),
803 			    (long long)offset, (long long)chunk);
804 		memcpy(bp->b_data, p, chunk);
805 		errno = bwrite(bp);
806 		if (errno != 0)
807 			goto bad_ffs_write_file;
808 		brelse(bp);
809 		if (!isfile)
810 			p += chunk;
811 	}
812 
813  write_inode_and_leave:
814 	ffs_write_inode(&in.i_din.ffs_din, in.i_number, fsopts);
815 
816  leave_ffs_write_file:
817 	if (fbuf)
818 		free(fbuf);
819 	if (ffd != -1)
820 		close(ffd);
821 }
822 
823 
824 static void
825 ffs_dump_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *dbuf, const char *dir, int needswap)
826 {
827 	doff_t		i;
828 	struct direct	*de;
829 	uint16_t	reclen;
830 
831 	assert (dbuf != NULL);
832 	assert (dir != NULL);
833 	printf("ffs_dump_dirbuf: dir %s size %d cur %d\n",
834 	    dir, dbuf->size, dbuf->cur);
835 
836 	for (i = 0; i < dbuf->size; ) {
837 		de = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + i);
838 		reclen = ufs_rw16(de->d_reclen, needswap);
839 		printf(
840 	    " inode %4d %7s offset %4d reclen %3d namlen %3d name %s\n",
841 		    ufs_rw32(de->d_ino, needswap),
842 		    inode_type(DTTOIF(de->d_type)), i, reclen,
843 		    de->d_namlen, de->d_name);
844 		i += reclen;
845 		assert(reclen > 0);
846 	}
847 }
848 
849 static void
850 ffs_make_dirbuf(dirbuf_t *dbuf, const char *name, fsnode *node, int needswap)
851 {
852 	struct direct	de, *dp;
853 	uint16_t	llen, reclen;
854 
855 	assert (dbuf != NULL);
856 	assert (name != NULL);
857 	assert (node != NULL);
858 					/* create direct entry */
859 	(void)memset(&de, 0, sizeof(de));
860 	de.d_ino = ufs_rw32(node->inode->ino, needswap);
861 	de.d_type = IFTODT(node->type);
862 	de.d_namlen = (uint8_t)strlen(name);
863 	assert (de.d_namlen < (sizeof(de.d_name)));
864 	strcpy(de.d_name, name);
865 	reclen = DIRSIZ(0, &de, needswap);
866 	de.d_reclen = ufs_rw16(reclen, needswap);
867 
868 	dp = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + dbuf->cur);
869 	llen = 0;
870 	if (dp != NULL)
871 		llen = DIRSIZ(0, dp, needswap);
872 
873 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKE_DIRBUF)
874 		printf(
875 		    "ffs_make_dirbuf: dbuf siz %d cur %d lastlen %d\n"
876 		    "  ino %d type %d reclen %d namlen %d name %.30s\n",
877 		    dbuf->size, dbuf->cur, llen,
878 		    ufs_rw32(de.d_ino, needswap), de.d_type, reclen,
879 		    de.d_namlen, de.d_name);
880 
881 	if (reclen + dbuf->cur + llen > roundup(dbuf->size, DIRBLKSIZ)) {
882 		dbuf->size += DIRBLKSIZ;	/* need another chunk */
883 		if (debug & DEBUG_FS_MAKE_DIRBUF)
884 			printf("ffs_make_dirbuf: growing buf to %d\n",
885 			    dbuf->size);
886 		if ((dbuf->buf = realloc(dbuf->buf, dbuf->size)) == NULL)
887 			err(1, "Allocating memory for directory buffer");
888 		memset(dbuf->buf + dbuf->size - DIRBLKSIZ, 0, DIRBLKSIZ);
889 		dbuf->cur = dbuf->size - DIRBLKSIZ;
890 	} else {				/* shrink end of previous */
891 		dp->d_reclen = ufs_rw16(llen,needswap);
892 		dbuf->cur += llen;
893 	}
894 	dp = (struct direct *)(dbuf->buf + dbuf->cur);
895 	memcpy(dp, &de, reclen);
896 	dp->d_reclen = ufs_rw16(dbuf->size - dbuf->cur, needswap);
897 }
898 
899 /*
900  * cribbed from sys/ufs/ffs/ffs_alloc.c
901  */
902 static void
903 ffs_write_inode(struct dinode *ip, uint32_t ino, const fsinfo_t *fsopts)
904 {
905 	struct dinode	ibuf[MAXINOPB];
906 	struct cg	*cgp;
907 	struct fs	*fs;
908 	int		cg, cgino;
909 	daddr_t		d;
910 	char		sbbuf[MAXBSIZE];
911 
912 	assert (ip != NULL);
913 	assert (ino > 0);
914 	assert (fsopts != NULL);
915 
916 	fs = (struct fs *)fsopts->superblock;
917 	cg = ino_to_cg(fs, ino);
918 	cgino = ino % fs->fs_ipg;
919 	if (debug & DEBUG_FS_WRITE_INODE)
920 		printf("ffs_write_inode: din %p ino %u cg %d cgino %d\n",
921 		    ip, ino, cg, cgino);
922 
923 	ffs_rdfs(fsbtodb(fs, cgtod(fs, cg)), (int)fs->fs_cgsize, &sbbuf,
924 	    fsopts);
925 	cgp = (struct cg *)sbbuf;
926 	if (!cg_chkmagic(cgp, fsopts->needswap))
927 		errx(1, "ffs_write_inode: cg %d: bad magic number", cg);
928 
929 	assert (isclr(cg_inosused(cgp, fsopts->needswap), cgino));
930 
931 	if (fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree == 0)
932 		errx(1, "ffs_write_inode: fs out of inodes for ino %u",
933 		    ino);
934 	if (fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_nifree == 0)
935 		errx(1,
936 		    "ffs_write_inode: cg %d out of inodes for ino %u",
937 		    cg, ino);
938 	setbit(cg_inosused(cgp, fsopts->needswap), cgino);
939 	ufs_add32(cgp->cg_cs.cs_nifree, -1, fsopts->needswap);
940 	fs->fs_cstotal.cs_nifree--;
941 	fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_nifree--;
942 	if (S_ISDIR(ip->di_mode)) {
943 		ufs_add32(cgp->cg_cs.cs_ndir, 1, fsopts->needswap);
944 		fs->fs_cstotal.cs_ndir++;
945 		fs->fs_cs(fs, cg).cs_ndir++;
946 	}
947 	ffs_wtfs(fsbtodb(fs, cgtod(fs, cg)), (int)fs->fs_cgsize, &sbbuf,
948 	    fsopts);
949 
950 					/* now write inode */
951 	d = fsbtodb(fs, ino_to_fsba(fs, ino));
952 	ffs_rdfs(d, fs->fs_bsize, ibuf, fsopts);
953 	if (fsopts->needswap)
954 		ffs_dinode_swap(ip, &ibuf[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)]);
955 	else
956 		ibuf[ino_to_fsbo(fs, ino)] = *ip;
957 	ffs_wtfs(d, fs->fs_bsize, ibuf, fsopts);
958 }
959 
960 void
961 panic(const char *fmt, ...)
962 {
963 	va_list ap;
964 
965 	va_start(ap, fmt);
966 	vwarnx(fmt, ap);
967 	va_end(ap);
968 	exit(1);
969 }
970