1.\" $NetBSD: vipw.8,v 1.11 2000/12/08 22:21:44 tron Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993 4.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 15.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 16.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 17.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 18.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 19.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 20.\" without specific prior written permission. 21.\" 22.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 23.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 24.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 25.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 26.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 27.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 28.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 29.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 30.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 31.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 32.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 33.\" 34.\" @(#)vipw.8 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 35.\" 36.Dd June 6, 1993 37.Dt VIPW 8 38.Os 39.Sh NAME 40.Nm vipw 41.Nd edit the password file 42.Sh SYNOPSIS 43.Nm 44.Bk -words 45.Op Fl d Ar directory 46.Ek 47.Sh DESCRIPTION 48.Nm 49edits the password file after setting the appropriate locks, 50and does any necessary processing after the password file is unlocked. 51If the password file is already locked for editing by another user, 52.Nm 53will ask you 54to try again later. The default editor for 55.Nm 56is 57.Xr vi 1 . 58.Pp 59.Nm 60performs a number of consistency checks on the password entries, 61and will not allow a password file with a 62.Dq mangled 63entry to be 64installed. 65If 66.Nm 67rejects the new password file, the user is prompted to re-enter 68the edit session. 69.Pp 70Once the information has been verified, 71.Nm 72uses 73.Xr pwd_mkdb 8 74to update the user database. This is run in the background, and, 75at very large sites could take several minutes. Until this update 76is completed, the password file is unavailable for other updates 77and the new information is not available to programs. 78.Pp 79The options are as follows: 80.Bl -tag -width flag 81.It Fl d Ar directory 82Change the root directory of the password file from 83.Dq Pa / 84to 85.Ar directory . 86.El 87.Pp 88If a 89.Nm 90session is killed it may leave 91.Dq Pa /etc/ptmp , 92which will cause future 93.Nm 94executions to fail with 95.Dq Pa vipw: the passwd file is busy , 96until it is removed. 97.Sh ENVIRONMENT 98If the following environment variable exists it will be utilized by 99.Nm "" : 100.Bl -tag -width EDITOR 101.It Ev EDITOR 102The editor specified by the string 103.Ev EDITOR 104will be invoked instead of the default editor 105.Xr vi 1 . 106.El 107.Sh FILES 108.Bl -tag -width Pa -compact 109.It Pa /etc/master.passwd 110The current password file. 111.It Pa /etc/ptmp 112Temporary copy of the password file used while editing. 113.El 114.Sh SEE ALSO 115.Xr chpass 1 , 116.Xr passwd 1 , 117.Xr passwd 5 , 118.Xr passwd.conf 5 , 119.Xr pwd_mkdb 8 , 120.Xr user 8 121.Sh HISTORY 122The 123.Nm 124command appeared in 125.Bx 4.0 . 126