xref: /openbsd/gnu/usr.bin/perl/doop.c (revision d89ec533)
1 /*    doop.c
2  *
3  *    Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
4  *    2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 by Larry Wall and others
5  *
6  *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7  *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
8  *
9  */
10 
11 /*
12  *  'So that was the job I felt I had to do when I started,' thought Sam.
13  *
14  *     [p.934 of _The Lord of the Rings_, VI/iii: "Mount Doom"]
15  */
16 
17 /* This file contains some common functions needed to carry out certain
18  * ops. For example, both pp_sprintf() and pp_prtf() call the function
19  * do_sprintf() found in this file.
20  */
21 
22 #include "EXTERN.h"
23 #define PERL_IN_DOOP_C
24 #include "perl.h"
25 #include "invlist_inline.h"
26 
27 #ifndef PERL_MICRO
28 #include <signal.h>
29 #endif
30 
31 
32 /* Helper function for do_trans().
33  * Handles cases where the search and replacement charlists aren't UTF-8,
34  * aren't identical, and neither the /d nor /s flag is present.
35  *
36  * sv may or may not be utf8.  Note that no code point above 255 can possibly
37  * be in the to-translate set
38  */
39 
40 STATIC Size_t
41 S_do_trans_simple(pTHX_ SV * const sv, const OPtrans_map * const tbl)
42 {
43     Size_t matches = 0;
44     STRLEN len;
45     U8 *s = (U8*)SvPV_nomg(sv,len);
46     U8 * const send = s+len;
47 
48     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_TRANS_SIMPLE;
49     DEBUG_y(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s: %d: entering do_trans_simple:"
50                                           " input sv:\n",
51                                           __FILE__, __LINE__));
52     DEBUG_y(sv_dump(sv));
53 
54     /* First, take care of non-UTF-8 input strings, because they're easy */
55     if (!SvUTF8(sv)) {
56 	while (s < send) {
57 	    const short ch = tbl->map[*s];
58 	    if (ch >= 0) {
59 		matches++;
60 		*s = (U8)ch;
61 	    }
62 	    s++;
63 	}
64 	SvSETMAGIC(sv);
65     }
66     else {
67 	const bool grows = cBOOL(PL_op->op_private & OPpTRANS_GROWS);
68 	U8 *d;
69 	U8 *dstart;
70 
71         /* Allow for worst-case expansion: Each input byte can become 2.  For a
72          * given input character, this happens when it occupies a single byte
73          * under UTF-8, but is to be translated to something that occupies two:
74          * $_="a".chr(400); tr/a/\xFE/, FE needs encoding. */
75 	if (grows)
76 	    Newx(d, len*2+1, U8);
77 	else
78 	    d = s;
79 	dstart = d;
80 	while (s < send) {
81 	    STRLEN ulen;
82 	    short ch;
83 
84 	    /* Need to check this, otherwise 128..255 won't match */
85 	    const UV c = utf8n_to_uvchr(s, send - s, &ulen, UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT);
86 	    if (c < 0x100 && (ch = tbl->map[c]) >= 0) {
87 		matches++;
88 		d = uvchr_to_utf8(d, (UV)ch);
89 		s += ulen;
90 	    }
91 	    else { /* No match -> copy */
92 		Move(s, d, ulen, U8);
93 		d += ulen;
94 		s += ulen;
95 	    }
96 	}
97 	if (grows) {
98 	    sv_setpvn(sv, (char*)dstart, d - dstart);
99 	    Safefree(dstart);
100 	}
101 	else {
102 	    *d = '\0';
103 	    SvCUR_set(sv, d - dstart);
104 	}
105 	SvUTF8_on(sv);
106 	SvSETMAGIC(sv);
107     }
108     DEBUG_y(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s: %d: returning %zu\n",
109                                           __FILE__, __LINE__, matches));
110     DEBUG_y(sv_dump(sv));
111     return matches;
112 }
113 
114 
115 /* Helper function for do_trans().
116  * Handles cases where the search and replacement charlists are identical and
117  * non-utf8: so the string isn't modified, and only a count of modifiable
118  * chars is needed.
119  *
120  * Note that it doesn't handle /d or /s, since these modify the string even if
121  * the replacement list is empty.
122  *
123  * sv may or may not be utf8.  Note that no code point above 255 can possibly
124  * be in the to-translate set
125  */
126 
127 STATIC Size_t
128 S_do_trans_count(pTHX_ SV * const sv, const OPtrans_map * const tbl)
129 {
130     STRLEN len;
131     const U8 *s = (const U8*)SvPV_nomg_const(sv, len);
132     const U8 * const send = s + len;
133     Size_t matches = 0;
134 
135     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_TRANS_COUNT;
136 
137     DEBUG_y(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s: %d: entering do_trans_count:"
138                                           " input sv:\n",
139                                           __FILE__, __LINE__));
140     DEBUG_y(sv_dump(sv));
141 
142     if (!SvUTF8(sv)) {
143 	while (s < send) {
144             if (tbl->map[*s++] >= 0)
145                 matches++;
146 	}
147     }
148     else {
149 	const bool complement = cBOOL(PL_op->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT);
150 	while (s < send) {
151 	    STRLEN ulen;
152 	    const UV c = utf8n_to_uvchr(s, send - s, &ulen, UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT);
153 	    if (c < 0x100) {
154 		if (tbl->map[c] >= 0)
155 		    matches++;
156 	    } else if (complement)
157 		matches++;
158 	    s += ulen;
159 	}
160     }
161 
162     DEBUG_y(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s: %d: count returning %zu\n",
163                                           __FILE__, __LINE__, matches));
164     return matches;
165 }
166 
167 
168 /* Helper function for do_trans().
169  * Handles cases where the search and replacement charlists aren't identical
170  * and both are non-utf8, and one or both of /d, /s is specified.
171  *
172  * sv may or may not be utf8.  Note that no code point above 255 can possibly
173  * be in the to-translate set
174  */
175 
176 STATIC Size_t
177 S_do_trans_complex(pTHX_ SV * const sv, const OPtrans_map * const tbl)
178 {
179     STRLEN len;
180     U8 *s = (U8*)SvPV_nomg(sv, len);
181     U8 * const send = s+len;
182     Size_t matches = 0;
183     const bool complement = cBOOL(PL_op->op_private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT);
184 
185     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_TRANS_COMPLEX;
186 
187     DEBUG_y(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s: %d: entering do_trans_complex:"
188                                           " input sv:\n",
189                                           __FILE__, __LINE__));
190     DEBUG_y(sv_dump(sv));
191 
192     if (!SvUTF8(sv)) {
193 	U8 *d = s;
194 	U8 * const dstart = d;
195 
196 	if (PL_op->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH) {
197 
198             /* What the mapping of the previous character was to.  If the new
199              * character has the same mapping, it is squashed from the output
200              * (but still is included in the count) */
201             short previous_map = (short) TR_OOB;
202 
203 	    while (s < send) {
204 		const short this_map = tbl->map[*s];
205 		if (this_map >= 0) {
206                     matches++;
207                     if (this_map != previous_map) {
208                         *d++ = (U8)this_map;
209                         previous_map = this_map;
210                     }
211 		}
212 		else {
213                     if (this_map == (short) TR_UNMAPPED) {
214                         *d++ = *s;
215                         previous_map = (short) TR_OOB;
216                     }
217                     else {
218                         assert(this_map == (short) TR_DELETE);
219                         matches++;
220                     }
221                 }
222 
223 		s++;
224 	    }
225 	}
226 	else {  /* Not to squash */
227 	    while (s < send) {
228 		const short this_map = tbl->map[*s];
229 		if (this_map >= 0) {
230 		    matches++;
231 		    *d++ = (U8)this_map;
232 		}
233 		else if (this_map == (short) TR_UNMAPPED)
234 		    *d++ = *s;
235 		else if (this_map == (short) TR_DELETE)
236 		    matches++;
237 		s++;
238 	    }
239 	}
240 	*d = '\0';
241 	SvCUR_set(sv, d - dstart);
242     }
243     else { /* is utf8 */
244 	const bool squash = cBOOL(PL_op->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH);
245 	const bool grows  = cBOOL(PL_op->op_private & OPpTRANS_GROWS);
246 	U8 *d;
247 	U8 *dstart;
248 	Size_t size = tbl->size;
249 
250         /* What the mapping of the previous character was to.  If the new
251          * character has the same mapping, it is squashed from the output (but
252          * still is included in the count) */
253         UV pch = TR_OOB;
254 
255 	if (grows)
256             /* Allow for worst-case expansion: Each input byte can become 2.
257              * For a given input character, this happens when it occupies a
258              * single byte under UTF-8, but is to be translated to something
259              * that occupies two: */
260 	    Newx(d, len*2+1, U8);
261 	else
262 	    d = s;
263 	dstart = d;
264 
265         while (s < send) {
266             STRLEN len;
267             const UV comp = utf8n_to_uvchr(s, send - s, &len,
268                                            UTF8_ALLOW_DEFAULT);
269             UV     ch;
270             short sch;
271 
272             sch = (comp < size)
273                   ? tbl->map[comp]
274                   : (! complement)
275                     ? (short) TR_UNMAPPED
276                     : tbl->map[size];
277 
278             if (sch >= 0) {
279                 ch = (UV)sch;
280               replace:
281                 matches++;
282                 if (LIKELY(!squash || ch != pch)) {
283                     d = uvchr_to_utf8(d, ch);
284                     pch = ch;
285                 }
286                 s += len;
287                 continue;
288             }
289             else if (sch == (short) TR_UNMAPPED) {
290                 Move(s, d, len, U8);
291                 d += len;
292                 pch = TR_OOB;
293             }
294             else if (sch == (short) TR_DELETE)
295                 matches++;
296             else {
297                 assert(sch == (short) TR_R_EMPTY);  /* empty replacement */
298                 ch = comp;
299                 goto replace;
300             }
301 
302             s += len;
303         }
304 
305 	if (grows) {
306 	    sv_setpvn(sv, (char*)dstart, d - dstart);
307 	    Safefree(dstart);
308 	}
309 	else {
310 	    *d = '\0';
311 	    SvCUR_set(sv, d - dstart);
312 	}
313 	SvUTF8_on(sv);
314     }
315     SvSETMAGIC(sv);
316     DEBUG_y(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s: %d: returning %zu\n",
317                                           __FILE__, __LINE__, matches));
318     DEBUG_y(sv_dump(sv));
319     return matches;
320 }
321 
322 
323 /* Helper function for do_trans().
324  * Handles cases where an inversion map implementation is to be used and the
325  * search and replacement charlists are identical: so the string isn't
326  * modified, and only a count of modifiable chars is needed.
327  *
328  * Note that it doesn't handle /d nor /s, since these modify the string
329  * even if the replacement charlist is empty.
330  *
331  * sv may or may not be utf8.
332  */
333 
334 STATIC Size_t
335 S_do_trans_count_invmap(pTHX_ SV * const sv, AV * const invmap)
336 {
337     U8 *s;
338     U8 *send;
339     Size_t matches = 0;
340     STRLEN len;
341     SV** const from_invlist_ptr = av_fetch(invmap, 0, TRUE);
342     SV** const to_invmap_ptr = av_fetch(invmap, 1, TRUE);
343     SV* from_invlist = *from_invlist_ptr;
344     SV* to_invmap_sv = *to_invmap_ptr;
345     UV* map = (UV *) SvPVX(to_invmap_sv);
346 
347     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_TRANS_COUNT_INVMAP;
348 
349     DEBUG_y(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s: %d:"
350                                           "entering do_trans_count_invmap:"
351                                           " input sv:\n",
352                                           __FILE__, __LINE__));
353     DEBUG_y(sv_dump(sv));
354     DEBUG_y(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapping:\n"));
355     DEBUG_y(invmap_dump(from_invlist, (UV *) SvPVX(to_invmap_sv)));
356 
357     s = (U8*)SvPV_nomg(sv, len);
358 
359     send = s + len;
360 
361     while (s < send) {
362         UV from;
363         SSize_t i;
364         STRLEN s_len;
365 
366         /* Get the code point of the next character in the string */
367         if (! SvUTF8(sv) || UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(*s)) {
368             from = *s;
369             s_len = 1;
370         }
371         else {
372             from = utf8_to_uvchr_buf(s, send, &s_len);
373             if (from == 0 && *s != '\0') {
374                 _force_out_malformed_utf8_message(s, send, 0, /*die*/TRUE);
375             }
376         }
377 
378         /* Look the code point up in the data structure for this tr/// to get
379          * what it maps to */
380         i = _invlist_search(from_invlist, from);
381         assert(i >= 0);
382 
383         if (map[i] != (UV) TR_UNLISTED) {
384             matches++;
385         }
386 
387         s += s_len;
388     }
389 
390     DEBUG_y(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s: %d: returning %zu\n",
391                                           __FILE__, __LINE__, matches));
392     return matches;
393 }
394 
395 /* Helper function for do_trans().
396  * Handles cases where an inversion map implementation is to be used and the
397  * search and replacement charlists are either not identical or flags are
398  * present.
399  *
400  * sv may or may not be utf8.
401  */
402 
403 STATIC Size_t
404 S_do_trans_invmap(pTHX_ SV * const sv, AV * const invmap)
405 {
406     U8 *s;
407     U8 *send;
408     U8 *d;
409     U8 *s0;
410     U8 *d0;
411     Size_t matches = 0;
412     STRLEN len;
413     SV** const from_invlist_ptr = av_fetch(invmap, 0, TRUE);
414     SV** const to_invmap_ptr = av_fetch(invmap, 1, TRUE);
415     SV** const to_expansion_ptr = av_fetch(invmap, 2, TRUE);
416     NV max_expansion = SvNV(*to_expansion_ptr);
417     SV* from_invlist = *from_invlist_ptr;
418     SV* to_invmap_sv = *to_invmap_ptr;
419     UV* map = (UV *) SvPVX(to_invmap_sv);
420     UV previous_map = TR_OOB;
421     const bool squash         = cBOOL(PL_op->op_private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH);
422     const bool delete_unfound = cBOOL(PL_op->op_private & OPpTRANS_DELETE);
423     bool inplace = ! cBOOL(PL_op->op_private & OPpTRANS_GROWS);
424     const UV* from_array = invlist_array(from_invlist);
425     UV final_map = TR_OOB;
426     bool out_is_utf8 = cBOOL(SvUTF8(sv));
427     STRLEN s_len;
428 
429     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_TRANS_INVMAP;
430 
431     /* A third element in the array indicates that the replacement list was
432      * shorter than the search list, and this element contains the value to use
433      * for the items that don't correspond */
434     if (av_top_index(invmap) >= 3) {
435         SV** const final_map_ptr = av_fetch(invmap, 3, TRUE);
436         SV*  const final_map_sv = *final_map_ptr;
437         final_map = SvUV(final_map_sv);
438     }
439 
440     /* If there is something in the transliteration that could force the input
441      * to be changed to UTF-8, we don't know if we can do it in place, so
442      * assume cannot */
443     if (! out_is_utf8 && (PL_op->op_private & OPpTRANS_CAN_FORCE_UTF8)) {
444         inplace = FALSE;
445         if (max_expansion < 2) {
446             max_expansion = 2;
447         }
448     }
449 
450     s = (U8*)SvPV_nomg(sv, len);
451     DEBUG_y(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s: %d: entering do_trans_invmap:"
452                                           " input sv:\n",
453                                           __FILE__, __LINE__));
454     DEBUG_y(sv_dump(sv));
455     DEBUG_y(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "mapping:\n"));
456     DEBUG_y(invmap_dump(from_invlist, map));
457 
458     send = s + len;
459     s0 = s;
460 
461     /* We know by now if there are some possible input strings whose
462      * transliterations are longer than the input.  If none can, we just edit
463      * in place. */
464     if (inplace) {
465 	d0 = d = s;
466     }
467     else {
468         /* Here, we can't edit in place.  We have no idea how much, if any,
469          * this particular input string will grow.  However, the compilation
470          * calculated the maximum expansion possible.  Use that to allocate
471          * based on the worst case scenario.  (First +1 is to round up; 2nd is
472          * for \0) */
473 	Newx(d, (STRLEN) (len * max_expansion + 1 + 1), U8);
474 	d0 = d;
475     }
476 
477   restart:
478 
479     /* Do the actual transliteration */
480     while (s < send) {
481         UV from;
482         UV to;
483         SSize_t i;
484         STRLEN s_len;
485 
486         /* Get the code point of the next character in the string */
487         if (! SvUTF8(sv) || UTF8_IS_INVARIANT(*s)) {
488             from = *s;
489             s_len = 1;
490         }
491         else {
492             from = utf8_to_uvchr_buf(s, send, &s_len);
493             if (from == 0 && *s != '\0') {
494                 _force_out_malformed_utf8_message(s, send, 0, /*die*/TRUE);
495             }
496         }
497 
498         /* Look the code point up in the data structure for this tr/// to get
499          * what it maps to */
500         i = _invlist_search(from_invlist, from);
501         assert(i >= 0);
502 
503         to = map[i];
504 
505         if (to == (UV) TR_UNLISTED) { /* Just copy the unreplaced character */
506             if (UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT(from) || ! out_is_utf8) {
507                 *d++ = (U8) from;
508             }
509             else if (SvUTF8(sv)) {
510                 Move(s, d, s_len, U8);
511                 d += s_len;
512             }
513             else {  /* Convert to UTF-8 */
514                 append_utf8_from_native_byte(*s, &d);
515             }
516 
517             previous_map = to;
518             s += s_len;
519             continue;
520 	}
521 
522         /* Everything else is counted as a match */
523         matches++;
524 
525         if (to == (UV) TR_SPECIAL_HANDLING) {
526             if (delete_unfound) {
527                 s += s_len;
528                 continue;
529             }
530 
531             /* Use the final character in the replacement list */
532             to = final_map;
533         }
534         else { /* Here the input code point is to be remapped.  The actual
535                   value is offset from the base of this entry */
536             to += from - from_array[i];
537         }
538 
539         /* If copying all occurrences, or this is the first occurrence, copy it
540          * to the output */
541         if (! squash || to != previous_map) {
542             if (out_is_utf8) {
543                 d = uvchr_to_utf8(d, to);
544             }
545             else {
546                 if (to >= 256) {    /* If need to convert to UTF-8, restart */
547                     out_is_utf8 = TRUE;
548                     s = s0;
549                     d = d0;
550                     matches = 0;
551                     goto restart;
552                 }
553                 *d++ = (U8) to;
554             }
555         }
556 
557         previous_map = to;
558         s += s_len;
559     }
560 
561     s_len = 0;
562     s += s_len;
563     if (! inplace) {
564 	sv_setpvn(sv, (char*)d0, d - d0);
565         Safefree(d0);
566     }
567     else {
568 	*d = '\0';
569 	SvCUR_set(sv, d - d0);
570     }
571 
572     if (! SvUTF8(sv) && out_is_utf8) {
573         SvUTF8_on(sv);
574     }
575     SvSETMAGIC(sv);
576 
577     DEBUG_y(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "%s: %d: returning %zu\n",
578                                           __FILE__, __LINE__, matches));
579     DEBUG_y(sv_dump(sv));
580     return matches;
581 }
582 
583 /* Execute a tr//. sv is the value to be translated, while PL_op
584  * should be an OP_TRANS or OP_TRANSR op, whose op_pv field contains a
585  * translation table or whose op_sv field contains an inversion map.
586  *
587  * Returns a count of number of characters translated
588  */
589 
590 Size_t
591 Perl_do_trans(pTHX_ SV *sv)
592 {
593     STRLEN len;
594     const U8 flags = PL_op->op_private;
595     bool use_utf8_fcns = cBOOL(flags & OPpTRANS_USE_SVOP);
596     bool identical     = cBOOL(flags & OPpTRANS_IDENTICAL);
597 
598     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_TRANS;
599 
600     if (SvREADONLY(sv) && ! identical) {
601         Perl_croak_no_modify();
602     }
603     (void)SvPV_const(sv, len);
604     if (!len)
605 	return 0;
606     if (! identical) {
607 	if (!SvPOKp(sv) || SvTHINKFIRST(sv))
608 	    (void)SvPV_force_nomg(sv, len);
609 	(void)SvPOK_only_UTF8(sv);
610     }
611 
612     if (use_utf8_fcns) {
613         SV* const map =
614 #ifdef USE_ITHREADS
615                         PAD_SVl(cPADOP->op_padix);
616 #else
617                         MUTABLE_SV(cSVOP->op_sv);
618 #endif
619 
620         if (identical) {
621             return do_trans_count_invmap(sv, (AV *) map);
622         }
623         else {
624             return do_trans_invmap(sv, (AV *) map);
625         }
626     }
627     else {
628         const OPtrans_map * const map = (OPtrans_map*)cPVOP->op_pv;
629 
630         if (identical) {
631             return do_trans_count(sv, map);
632         }
633         else if (flags & (OPpTRANS_SQUASH|OPpTRANS_DELETE|OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT)) {
634             return do_trans_complex(sv, map);
635         }
636         else
637             return do_trans_simple(sv, map);
638     }
639 }
640 
641 void
642 Perl_do_join(pTHX_ SV *sv, SV *delim, SV **mark, SV **sp)
643 {
644     SV ** const oldmark = mark;
645     I32 items = sp - mark;
646     STRLEN len;
647     STRLEN delimlen;
648     const char * const delims = SvPV_const(delim, delimlen);
649 
650     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_JOIN;
651 
652     mark++;
653     len = (items > 0 ? (delimlen * (items - 1) ) : 0);
654     SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PV);
655     if (SvLEN(sv) < len + items) {	/* current length is way too short */
656 	while (items-- > 0) {
657 	    if (*mark && !SvGAMAGIC(*mark) && SvOK(*mark)) {
658 		STRLEN tmplen;
659 		SvPV_const(*mark, tmplen);
660 		len += tmplen;
661 	    }
662 	    mark++;
663 	}
664 	SvGROW(sv, len + 1);		/* so try to pre-extend */
665 
666 	mark = oldmark;
667 	items = sp - mark;
668 	++mark;
669     }
670 
671     SvPVCLEAR(sv);
672     /* sv_setpv retains old UTF8ness [perl #24846] */
673     SvUTF8_off(sv);
674 
675     if (TAINTING_get && SvMAGICAL(sv))
676 	SvTAINTED_off(sv);
677 
678     if (items-- > 0) {
679 	if (*mark)
680 	    sv_catsv(sv, *mark);
681 	mark++;
682     }
683 
684     if (delimlen) {
685 	const U32 delimflag = DO_UTF8(delim) ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES;
686 	for (; items > 0; items--,mark++) {
687 	    STRLEN len;
688 	    const char *s;
689 	    sv_catpvn_flags(sv,delims,delimlen,delimflag);
690 	    s = SvPV_const(*mark,len);
691 	    sv_catpvn_flags(sv,s,len,
692 			    DO_UTF8(*mark) ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES);
693 	}
694     }
695     else {
696 	for (; items > 0; items--,mark++)
697 	{
698 	    STRLEN len;
699 	    const char *s = SvPV_const(*mark,len);
700 	    sv_catpvn_flags(sv,s,len,
701 			    DO_UTF8(*mark) ? SV_CATUTF8 : SV_CATBYTES);
702 	}
703     }
704     SvSETMAGIC(sv);
705 }
706 
707 void
708 Perl_do_sprintf(pTHX_ SV *sv, SSize_t len, SV **sarg)
709 {
710     STRLEN patlen;
711     const char * const pat = SvPV_const(*sarg, patlen);
712     bool do_taint = FALSE;
713 
714     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_SPRINTF;
715     assert(len >= 1);
716 
717     if (SvTAINTED(*sarg))
718 	TAINT_PROPER(
719 		(PL_op && PL_op->op_type < OP_max)
720 		    ? (PL_op->op_type == OP_PRTF)
721 			? "printf"
722 			: PL_op_name[PL_op->op_type]
723 		    : "(unknown)"
724 	);
725     SvUTF8_off(sv);
726     if (DO_UTF8(*sarg))
727         SvUTF8_on(sv);
728     sv_vsetpvfn(sv, pat, patlen, NULL, sarg + 1, (Size_t)(len - 1), &do_taint);
729     SvSETMAGIC(sv);
730     if (do_taint)
731 	SvTAINTED_on(sv);
732 }
733 
734 /* currently converts input to bytes if possible, but doesn't sweat failure */
735 UV
736 Perl_do_vecget(pTHX_ SV *sv, STRLEN offset, int size)
737 {
738     STRLEN srclen, len, avail, uoffset, bitoffs = 0;
739     const I32 svpv_flags = ((PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET)
740                                           ? SV_UNDEF_RETURNS_NULL : 0);
741     unsigned char *s = (unsigned char *)
742                             SvPV_flags(sv, srclen, (svpv_flags|SV_GMAGIC));
743     UV retnum = 0;
744 
745     if (!s) {
746       s = (unsigned char *)"";
747     }
748 
749     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_VECGET;
750 
751     if (size < 1 || (size & (size-1))) /* size < 1 or not a power of two */
752 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Illegal number of bits in vec");
753 
754     if (SvUTF8(sv)) {
755 	if (Perl_sv_utf8_downgrade_flags(aTHX_ sv, TRUE, 0)) {
756             /* PVX may have changed */
757             s = (unsigned char *) SvPV_flags(sv, srclen, svpv_flags);
758         }
759         else {
760 	        Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Use of strings with code points over 0xFF as arguments to vec is forbidden");
761         }
762     }
763 
764     if (size < 8) {
765 	bitoffs = ((offset%8)*size)%8;
766 	uoffset = offset/(8/size);
767     }
768     else if (size > 8) {
769 	int n = size/8;
770         if (offset > Size_t_MAX / n - 1) /* would overflow */
771             return 0;
772 	uoffset = offset*n;
773     }
774     else
775 	uoffset = offset;
776 
777     if (uoffset >= srclen)
778         return 0;
779 
780     len   = (bitoffs + size + 7)/8; /* required number of bytes */
781     avail = srclen - uoffset;       /* available number of bytes */
782 
783     /* Does the byte range overlap the end of the string? If so,
784      * handle specially. */
785     if (avail < len) {
786 	if (size <= 8)
787 	    retnum = 0;
788 	else {
789 	    if (size == 16) {
790                 assert(avail == 1);
791                 retnum = (UV) s[uoffset] <<  8;
792 	    }
793 	    else if (size == 32) {
794                 assert(avail >= 1 && avail <= 3);
795 		if (avail == 1)
796 		    retnum =
797 			((UV) s[uoffset    ] << 24);
798 		else if (avail == 2)
799 		    retnum =
800 			((UV) s[uoffset    ] << 24) +
801 			((UV) s[uoffset + 1] << 16);
802 		else
803 		    retnum =
804 			((UV) s[uoffset    ] << 24) +
805 			((UV) s[uoffset + 1] << 16) +
806 			(     s[uoffset + 2] <<  8);
807 	    }
808 #ifdef UV_IS_QUAD
809 	    else if (size == 64) {
810 		Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PORTABLE),
811 			       "Bit vector size > 32 non-portable");
812                 assert(avail >= 1 && avail <= 7);
813 		if (avail == 1)
814 		    retnum =
815 			(UV) s[uoffset     ] << 56;
816 		else if (avail == 2)
817 		    retnum =
818 			((UV) s[uoffset    ] << 56) +
819 			((UV) s[uoffset + 1] << 48);
820 		else if (avail == 3)
821 		    retnum =
822 			((UV) s[uoffset    ] << 56) +
823 			((UV) s[uoffset + 1] << 48) +
824 			((UV) s[uoffset + 2] << 40);
825 		else if (avail == 4)
826 		    retnum =
827 			((UV) s[uoffset    ] << 56) +
828 			((UV) s[uoffset + 1] << 48) +
829 			((UV) s[uoffset + 2] << 40) +
830 			((UV) s[uoffset + 3] << 32);
831 		else if (avail == 5)
832 		    retnum =
833 			((UV) s[uoffset    ] << 56) +
834 			((UV) s[uoffset + 1] << 48) +
835 			((UV) s[uoffset + 2] << 40) +
836 			((UV) s[uoffset + 3] << 32) +
837 			((UV) s[uoffset + 4] << 24);
838 		else if (avail == 6)
839 		    retnum =
840 			((UV) s[uoffset    ] << 56) +
841 			((UV) s[uoffset + 1] << 48) +
842 			((UV) s[uoffset + 2] << 40) +
843 			((UV) s[uoffset + 3] << 32) +
844 			((UV) s[uoffset + 4] << 24) +
845 			((UV) s[uoffset + 5] << 16);
846 		else
847 		    retnum =
848 			((UV) s[uoffset    ] << 56) +
849 			((UV) s[uoffset + 1] << 48) +
850 			((UV) s[uoffset + 2] << 40) +
851 			((UV) s[uoffset + 3] << 32) +
852 			((UV) s[uoffset + 4] << 24) +
853 			((UV) s[uoffset + 5] << 16) +
854 			((UV) s[uoffset + 6] <<  8);
855 	    }
856 #endif
857 	}
858     }
859     else if (size < 8)
860 	retnum = (s[uoffset] >> bitoffs) & ((1 << size) - 1);
861     else {
862 	if (size == 8)
863 	    retnum = s[uoffset];
864 	else if (size == 16)
865 	    retnum =
866 		((UV) s[uoffset] <<      8) +
867 		      s[uoffset + 1];
868 	else if (size == 32)
869 	    retnum =
870 		((UV) s[uoffset    ] << 24) +
871 		((UV) s[uoffset + 1] << 16) +
872 		(     s[uoffset + 2] <<  8) +
873 		      s[uoffset + 3];
874 #ifdef UV_IS_QUAD
875 	else if (size == 64) {
876 	    Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PORTABLE),
877 			   "Bit vector size > 32 non-portable");
878 	    retnum =
879 		((UV) s[uoffset    ] << 56) +
880 		((UV) s[uoffset + 1] << 48) +
881 		((UV) s[uoffset + 2] << 40) +
882 		((UV) s[uoffset + 3] << 32) +
883 		((UV) s[uoffset + 4] << 24) +
884 		((UV) s[uoffset + 5] << 16) +
885 		(     s[uoffset + 6] <<  8) +
886 		      s[uoffset + 7];
887 	}
888 #endif
889     }
890 
891     return retnum;
892 }
893 
894 /* currently converts input to bytes if possible but doesn't sweat failures,
895  * although it does ensure that the string it clobbers is not marked as
896  * utf8-valid any more
897  */
898 void
899 Perl_do_vecset(pTHX_ SV *sv)
900 {
901     STRLEN offset, bitoffs = 0;
902     int size;
903     unsigned char *s;
904     UV lval;
905     I32 mask;
906     STRLEN targlen;
907     STRLEN len;
908     SV * const targ = LvTARG(sv);
909     char errflags = LvFLAGS(sv);
910 
911     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_VECSET;
912 
913     /* some out-of-range errors have been deferred if/until the LV is
914      * actually written to: f(vec($s,-1,8)) is not always fatal */
915     if (errflags) {
916         assert(!(errflags & ~(LVf_NEG_OFF|LVf_OUT_OF_RANGE)));
917         if (errflags & LVf_NEG_OFF)
918             Perl_croak_nocontext("Negative offset to vec in lvalue context");
919         Perl_croak_nocontext("Out of memory!");
920     }
921 
922     if (!targ)
923 	return;
924     s = (unsigned char*)SvPV_force_flags(targ, targlen,
925                                          SV_GMAGIC | SV_UNDEF_RETURNS_NULL);
926     if (SvUTF8(targ)) {
927 	/* This is handled by the SvPOK_only below...
928 	if (!Perl_sv_utf8_downgrade_flags(aTHX_ targ, TRUE, 0))
929 	    SvUTF8_off(targ);
930 	 */
931 	(void) Perl_sv_utf8_downgrade_flags(aTHX_ targ, TRUE, 0);
932     }
933 
934     (void)SvPOK_only(targ);
935     lval = SvUV(sv);
936     offset = LvTARGOFF(sv);
937     size = LvTARGLEN(sv);
938 
939     if (size < 1 || (size & (size-1))) /* size < 1 or not a power of two */
940 	Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Illegal number of bits in vec");
941 
942     if (size < 8) {
943 	bitoffs = ((offset%8)*size)%8;
944 	offset /= 8/size;
945     }
946     else if (size > 8) {
947 	int n = size/8;
948         if (offset > Size_t_MAX / n - 1) /* would overflow */
949             Perl_croak_nocontext("Out of memory!");
950 	offset *= n;
951     }
952 
953     len = (bitoffs + size + 7)/8;	/* required number of bytes */
954     if (targlen < offset || targlen - offset < len) {
955         STRLEN newlen = offset > Size_t_MAX - len - 1 ? /* avoid overflow */
956                                         Size_t_MAX : offset + len + 1;
957 	s = (unsigned char*)SvGROW(targ, newlen);
958 	(void)memzero((char *)(s + targlen), newlen - targlen);
959 	SvCUR_set(targ, newlen - 1);
960     }
961 
962     if (size < 8) {
963 	mask = (1 << size) - 1;
964 	lval &= mask;
965 	s[offset] &= ~(mask << bitoffs);
966 	s[offset] |= lval << bitoffs;
967     }
968     else {
969 	if (size == 8)
970 	    s[offset  ] = (U8)( lval        & 0xff);
971 	else if (size == 16) {
972 	    s[offset  ] = (U8)((lval >>  8) & 0xff);
973 	    s[offset+1] = (U8)( lval        & 0xff);
974 	}
975 	else if (size == 32) {
976 	    s[offset  ] = (U8)((lval >> 24) & 0xff);
977 	    s[offset+1] = (U8)((lval >> 16) & 0xff);
978 	    s[offset+2] = (U8)((lval >>  8) & 0xff);
979 	    s[offset+3] = (U8)( lval        & 0xff);
980 	}
981 #ifdef UV_IS_QUAD
982 	else if (size == 64) {
983 	    Perl_ck_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_PORTABLE),
984 			   "Bit vector size > 32 non-portable");
985 	    s[offset  ] = (U8)((lval >> 56) & 0xff);
986 	    s[offset+1] = (U8)((lval >> 48) & 0xff);
987 	    s[offset+2] = (U8)((lval >> 40) & 0xff);
988 	    s[offset+3] = (U8)((lval >> 32) & 0xff);
989 	    s[offset+4] = (U8)((lval >> 24) & 0xff);
990 	    s[offset+5] = (U8)((lval >> 16) & 0xff);
991 	    s[offset+6] = (U8)((lval >>  8) & 0xff);
992 	    s[offset+7] = (U8)( lval        & 0xff);
993 	}
994 #endif
995     }
996     SvSETMAGIC(targ);
997 }
998 
999 void
1000 Perl_do_vop(pTHX_ I32 optype, SV *sv, SV *left, SV *right)
1001 {
1002     long *dl;
1003     long *ll;
1004     long *rl;
1005     char *dc;
1006     STRLEN leftlen;
1007     STRLEN rightlen;
1008     const char *lc;
1009     const char *rc;
1010     STRLEN len = 0;
1011     STRLEN lensave;
1012     const char *lsave;
1013     const char *rsave;
1014     STRLEN needlen = 0;
1015     bool result_needs_to_be_utf8 = FALSE;
1016     bool left_utf8 = FALSE;
1017     bool right_utf8 = FALSE;
1018     U8 * left_non_downgraded = NULL;
1019     U8 * right_non_downgraded = NULL;
1020     Size_t left_non_downgraded_len = 0;
1021     Size_t right_non_downgraded_len = 0;
1022     char * non_downgraded = NULL;
1023     Size_t non_downgraded_len = 0;
1024 
1025     PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_DO_VOP;
1026 
1027     if (sv != left || (optype != OP_BIT_AND && !SvOK(sv)))
1028         SvPVCLEAR(sv);        /* avoid undef warning on |= and ^= */
1029     if (sv == left) {
1030 	lc = SvPV_force_nomg(left, leftlen);
1031     }
1032     else {
1033 	lc = SvPV_nomg_const(left, leftlen);
1034 	SvPV_force_nomg_nolen(sv);
1035     }
1036     rc = SvPV_nomg_const(right, rightlen);
1037 
1038     /* This needs to come after SvPV to ensure that string overloading has
1039        fired off.  */
1040 
1041     /* Create downgraded temporaries of any UTF-8 encoded operands */
1042     if (DO_UTF8(left)) {
1043         const U8 * save_lc = (U8 *) lc;
1044 
1045         left_utf8 = TRUE;
1046         result_needs_to_be_utf8 = TRUE;
1047 
1048         left_non_downgraded_len = leftlen;
1049         lc = (char *) bytes_from_utf8_loc((const U8 *) lc, &leftlen,
1050                                           &left_utf8,
1051                                           (const U8 **) &left_non_downgraded);
1052         /* Calculate the number of trailing unconvertible bytes.  This quantity
1053          * is the original length minus the length of the converted portion. */
1054         left_non_downgraded_len -= left_non_downgraded - save_lc;
1055         SAVEFREEPV(lc);
1056     }
1057     if (DO_UTF8(right)) {
1058         const U8 * save_rc = (U8 *) rc;
1059 
1060         right_utf8 = TRUE;
1061         result_needs_to_be_utf8 = TRUE;
1062 
1063         right_non_downgraded_len = rightlen;
1064         rc = (char *) bytes_from_utf8_loc((const U8 *) rc, &rightlen,
1065                                           &right_utf8,
1066                                           (const U8 **) &right_non_downgraded);
1067         right_non_downgraded_len -= right_non_downgraded - save_rc;
1068         SAVEFREEPV(rc);
1069     }
1070 
1071     /* We set 'len' to the length that the operation actually operates on.  The
1072      * dangling part of the longer operand doesn't actually participate in the
1073      * operation.  What happens is that we pretend that the shorter operand has
1074      * been extended to the right by enough imaginary zeros to match the length
1075      * of the longer one.  But we know in advance the result of the operation
1076      * on zeros without having to do it.  In the case of '&', the result is
1077      * zero, and the dangling portion is simply discarded.  For '|' and '^', the
1078      * result is the same as the other operand, so the dangling part is just
1079      * appended to the final result, unchanged.  As of perl-5.32, we no longer
1080      * accept above-FF code points in the dangling portion.
1081      */
1082     if (left_utf8 || right_utf8) {
1083         Perl_croak(aTHX_ FATAL_ABOVE_FF_MSG, PL_op_desc[optype]);
1084     }
1085     else {  /* Neither is UTF-8 */
1086         len = MIN(leftlen, rightlen);
1087     }
1088 
1089     lensave = len;
1090     lsave = lc;
1091     rsave = rc;
1092 
1093     (void)SvPOK_only(sv);
1094     if (SvOK(sv) || SvTYPE(sv) > SVt_PVMG) {
1095 	dc = SvPV_force_nomg_nolen(sv);
1096 	if (SvLEN(sv) < len + 1) {
1097 	    dc = SvGROW(sv, len + 1);
1098 	    (void)memzero(dc + SvCUR(sv), len - SvCUR(sv) + 1);
1099 	}
1100     }
1101     else {
1102 	needlen = optype == OP_BIT_AND
1103 		    ? len : (leftlen > rightlen ? leftlen : rightlen);
1104 	Newxz(dc, needlen + 1, char);
1105 	sv_usepvn_flags(sv, dc, needlen, SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
1106 	dc = SvPVX(sv);		/* sv_usepvn() calls Renew() */
1107     }
1108     SvCUR_set(sv, len);
1109 
1110     if (len >= sizeof(long)*4 &&
1111 	!(PTR2nat(dc) % sizeof(long)) &&
1112 	!(PTR2nat(lc) % sizeof(long)) &&
1113 	!(PTR2nat(rc) % sizeof(long)))	/* It's almost always aligned... */
1114     {
1115 	const STRLEN remainder = len % (sizeof(long)*4);
1116 	len /= (sizeof(long)*4);
1117 
1118 	dl = (long*)dc;
1119 	ll = (long*)lc;
1120 	rl = (long*)rc;
1121 
1122 	switch (optype) {
1123 	case OP_BIT_AND:
1124 	    while (len--) {
1125 		*dl++ = *ll++ & *rl++;
1126 		*dl++ = *ll++ & *rl++;
1127 		*dl++ = *ll++ & *rl++;
1128 		*dl++ = *ll++ & *rl++;
1129 	    }
1130 	    break;
1131 	case OP_BIT_XOR:
1132 	    while (len--) {
1133 		*dl++ = *ll++ ^ *rl++;
1134 		*dl++ = *ll++ ^ *rl++;
1135 		*dl++ = *ll++ ^ *rl++;
1136 		*dl++ = *ll++ ^ *rl++;
1137 	    }
1138 	    break;
1139 	case OP_BIT_OR:
1140 	    while (len--) {
1141 		*dl++ = *ll++ | *rl++;
1142 		*dl++ = *ll++ | *rl++;
1143 		*dl++ = *ll++ | *rl++;
1144 		*dl++ = *ll++ | *rl++;
1145 	    }
1146 	}
1147 
1148 	dc = (char*)dl;
1149 	lc = (char*)ll;
1150 	rc = (char*)rl;
1151 
1152 	len = remainder;
1153     }
1154 
1155     switch (optype) {
1156     case OP_BIT_AND:
1157         while (len--)
1158             *dc++ = *lc++ & *rc++;
1159         *dc = '\0';
1160         break;
1161     case OP_BIT_XOR:
1162         while (len--)
1163             *dc++ = *lc++ ^ *rc++;
1164         goto mop_up;
1165     case OP_BIT_OR:
1166         while (len--)
1167             *dc++ = *lc++ | *rc++;
1168       mop_up:
1169         len = lensave;
1170         if (rightlen > len) {
1171             if (dc == rc)
1172                 SvCUR_set(sv, rightlen);
1173             else
1174                 sv_catpvn_nomg(sv, rsave + len, rightlen - len);
1175         }
1176         else if (leftlen > len) {
1177             if (dc == lc)
1178                 SvCUR_set(sv, leftlen);
1179             else
1180                 sv_catpvn_nomg(sv, lsave + len, leftlen - len);
1181         }
1182         *SvEND(sv) = '\0';
1183 
1184         /* If there is trailing stuff that couldn't be converted from UTF-8, it
1185          * is appended as-is for the ^ and | operators.  This preserves
1186          * backwards compatibility */
1187         if (right_non_downgraded) {
1188             non_downgraded = (char *) right_non_downgraded;
1189             non_downgraded_len = right_non_downgraded_len;
1190         }
1191         else if (left_non_downgraded) {
1192             non_downgraded = (char *) left_non_downgraded;
1193             non_downgraded_len = left_non_downgraded_len;
1194         }
1195 
1196         break;
1197     }
1198 
1199     if (result_needs_to_be_utf8) {
1200         sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg(sv);
1201 
1202         /* Append any trailing UTF-8 as-is. */
1203         if (non_downgraded) {
1204             sv_catpvn_nomg(sv, non_downgraded, non_downgraded_len);
1205         }
1206     }
1207 
1208     SvTAINT(sv);
1209 }
1210 
1211 
1212 /* Perl_do_kv() may be:
1213  *  * called directly as the pp function for pp_keys() and pp_values();
1214  *  * It may also be called directly when the op is OP_AVHVSWITCH, to
1215  *       implement CORE::keys(), CORE::values().
1216  *
1217  * In all cases it expects an HV on the stack and returns a list of keys,
1218  * values, or key-value pairs, depending on PL_op.
1219  */
1220 
1221 OP *
1222 Perl_do_kv(pTHX)
1223 {
1224     dSP;
1225     HV * const keys = MUTABLE_HV(POPs);
1226     const U8 gimme = GIMME_V;
1227 
1228     const I32 dokeys   =     (PL_op->op_type == OP_KEYS)
1229                           || (    PL_op->op_type == OP_AVHVSWITCH
1230                               && (PL_op->op_private & OPpAVHVSWITCH_MASK)
1231                                     + OP_EACH == OP_KEYS);
1232 
1233     const I32 dovalues =     (PL_op->op_type == OP_VALUES)
1234                           || (    PL_op->op_type == OP_AVHVSWITCH
1235                               && (PL_op->op_private & OPpAVHVSWITCH_MASK)
1236                                      + OP_EACH == OP_VALUES);
1237 
1238     assert(   PL_op->op_type == OP_KEYS
1239            || PL_op->op_type == OP_VALUES
1240            || PL_op->op_type == OP_AVHVSWITCH);
1241 
1242     assert(!(    PL_op->op_type == OP_VALUES
1243              && (PL_op->op_private & OPpMAYBE_LVSUB)));
1244 
1245     (void)hv_iterinit(keys);	/* always reset iterator regardless */
1246 
1247     if (gimme == G_VOID)
1248 	RETURN;
1249 
1250     if (gimme == G_SCALAR) {
1251 	if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_MOD || LVRET) {	/* lvalue */
1252 	    SV * const ret = sv_2mortal(newSV_type(SVt_PVLV));  /* Not TARG RT#67838 */
1253 	    sv_magic(ret, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_nkeys, NULL, 0);
1254 	    LvTYPE(ret) = 'k';
1255 	    LvTARG(ret) = SvREFCNT_inc_simple(keys);
1256 	    PUSHs(ret);
1257 	}
1258 	else {
1259 	    IV i;
1260 	    dTARGET;
1261 
1262             /* note that in 'scalar(keys %h)' the OP_KEYS is usually
1263              * optimised away and the action is performed directly by the
1264              * padhv or rv2hv op. We now only get here via OP_AVHVSWITCH
1265              * and \&CORE::keys
1266              */
1267 	    if (! SvTIED_mg((const SV *)keys, PERL_MAGIC_tied) ) {
1268 		i = HvUSEDKEYS(keys);
1269 	    }
1270 	    else {
1271 		i = 0;
1272 		while (hv_iternext(keys)) i++;
1273 	    }
1274 	    PUSHi( i );
1275 	}
1276 	RETURN;
1277     }
1278 
1279     if (UNLIKELY(PL_op->op_private & OPpMAYBE_LVSUB)) {
1280 	const I32 flags = is_lvalue_sub();
1281 	if (flags && !(flags & OPpENTERSUB_INARGS))
1282 	    /* diag_listed_as: Can't modify %s in %s */
1283 	    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't modify keys in list assignment");
1284     }
1285 
1286     PUTBACK;
1287     hv_pushkv(keys, (dokeys | (dovalues << 1)));
1288     return NORMAL;
1289 }
1290 
1291 /*
1292  * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 et:
1293  */
1294